The early Tang Dynasty was a poetic era of court poetry.
On the one hand, from the perspective of creative thinking, the poets headed by Emperor Taizong have a clear understanding of the differences between the northern and southern sects, criticized the style of writing of Liang in the Southern Dynasties, and put forward the literary proposition of integrating the northern and southern sects, learning from each other's strong points and learning from each other's strong points.
However, in creation, he still inherited the magnificent poetic style of the Southern Dynasties.
Wei Zhi's Biography of Sui Shu Literature
"Jiangzuo Gongshang is more expensive than Qingyi; He Shuo means sincere and firm, more important than temperament. Temperament is better than words, elegance is better than words. Those with profound theories are convenient to use when necessary, and those with literacy are suitable for chanting, which is a great gain and loss for poets in the North and South. If you can be full of emotions, simple and tired, and each has its own shortcomings, it will be gentle and complete. "
Problems faced by poets in the early Tang Dynasty
Using melody and rhetoric to express the magnificent atmosphere and profound feelings of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and combining the two advantages of North and South literature, the style of Tang poetry is formed.
The reason why the early Tang Dynasty inherited the beautiful poetic style of the Southern Dynasties.
Historical habits and traditional inertia.
It is related to the composition of writers in this period.
It is related to the emperor's aesthetic taste.
The difference between palace poems and palace poems
Palace-style poems: mostly based on harmony, banquet and chanting, and the content is mainly to praise, describe scenery and chant things. Gorgeous rhetoric and emphasis on confrontation. But it removes more charm and debauchery from the palace.
Palace poems: Write erotic feelings and women's looks in gorgeous and colorful language, with flashy and frivolous style.
Three stages of the development of court poetry and their characteristics
1, Zhenguan Poetry-Emperor Taizong and the poets around him.
Features:
(1) Many monarchs and ministers chimed in, and responded by hosting banquets and chanting. The main content is to praise, describe scenery and chant things.
(2) Elegant and beautiful, elegant and peaceful
1, Zhenguan poem
1, Zhenguan poem
2. Variation of Dragon Theory-The poetic style represented by Shangguan Yi during the period of Gao Zonglong's theory, also known as "Shangguan Style".
Court poets mainly include Shangguan Yi, Li Yifu and Xu.
Shangguan Yi
Shangguan Yi (6 16? -664), whose real name is You Shao, was born in Shaanxi. Scholars in the early years of Zhenguan. He was another courtier who was deeply loved by Emperor Taizong and Emperor Gaozong after Yu Shinan.
"Biography of the Old Tang Dynasty" says: "Taizong is elegant and belongs to the text. Every time he sends a document to read the grass, he gives more orders to make peace. But whenever there is a banquet, the musical instrument will be tasted. " He was a famous court poet at that time.
The official style refers to the poetic style represented by Shangguan Yi, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. There are now 20 of his poems, most of which were written by Feng Heying. His poems are based on "strange charm" and pursue a perfect pair of formal dolls. Because of its prominent official position, people are scrambling to follow suit, calling it "official style." His main contribution is to summarize the dual methods in poetry since the Six Dynasties, stylize them and put forward the theories of "six pairs" and "eight pairs". It standardized the antithesis of later generations' regular poems and promoted the development of the forms of regular poems.
"Biography of Shangguan Yi in Old Tang Dynasty": "Five words are good at making mistakes and flattering. Because the instrument was expensive, it was more effective at that time, and people called it an official body. "
Wei Songqing's Poet's Jade Scrap (Volume 7) quoted Poetry Garden Class: "Tang Shangguan Yi said: Six pairs of poems: one pair of names, heaven, earth, sun and moon; Second, a pair of the same kind, mosaic grass buds are also; Third, Julian is right, and so is Mix. Four tones are positive, and Huanghuai Qingliu is also; The five rhymes are right, and it is awkward to put them; Six-day double match, Chunshu Qiuchi is also right. "
The so-called eight pairs: justified, sending wine in the southeast, welcoming Qin in the northwest; Second, heterogeneous pairs, wind weaving trees in the pool, insects wearing grass; Three tones are positive, the autumn dew is fragrant, and the spring breeze is fragrant and lilan; Fourth, rhyme, debauchery and delay; Five words are continuous, if the river is broken, the first month is like an eyebrow; On the 6 th, the two will face each other, and the eyebrows will deceive the moon and spend them on the cheeks; Seventh, the palindrome is right, and the feelings are new because of the meaning, and the meaning is new; Eight words apart. Yeah. Acacia remembers each other, and tears touch clothes every night. I sighed and cried in vain, and I didn't return to the king.
3. "Four Friends of Articles" and Shen Song
The post-Gao Zongwu period is a period of reform and development of early Tang literature. During this period, the court poets who appeared in the field of poetry explored the metrical model of poetry and made new achievements, which made the nearly physical metrical poems that began to sprout since the Six Dynasties tend to be fully mature and stereotyped.
3. "Four Friends of Articles" and Shen Song
Shen Song and the Stereotype of Rhyme
Both of them were scholars in the same year, and they were both popular court poets who were active in the post-Gao Zongwu period.
Biography of the Old Tang and Song Dynasties: "Lucky for Longmen, officials write poems. If you write poems from the East first, you will be given a robe. Ask poetry, the higher the word, the higher the robe. "
Their character is not commendable.
"The Biography of Shen Quanqi in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty": "The titles attached to Yan, Shen Quanqi and Liu are easy to give, and they ask questions and walk in the Yin, which is an easy tool."
"Hiding in Zhang Zhonggu will make Wu Sansi reuse, and Zhong You and Wang murdered the 34 An royal family. In fact, the problem has caused a sudden change in the ranks of my brothers and sons, and it is a shame to the world because of the beggar's atonement. "
Their creations are generally bounded by relegation, with different contents and styles.
Before his relegation, most of his works were based on the service and response system.
After relegation, due to the change of life situation, poetry has more sincere feelings, and at the same time it looks fresh and natural in style. Such as Du Dayuling and Crossing the Han River in Song Dynasty, and Shen Quanqi's Dugu.
See you alone
Yu Jintang, a young woman from Lujia, couples of swallows perched on the hawksbill beam.
Hearing the cold beat of the washing mallet shake the leaves, Liaoyang expedition will go for ten years.
And the news was lost in the White Wolf River. The autumn night in Red Phoenix here is long.
There, a person who is heartbroken because of invisibility can only see the moonlight on the yellow silk waves on her textile machine.
See you alone
Du Dayuling
I left the capital as soon as I crossed the fishing ridge, then stopped my car and looked back at my hometown.
My soul followed the birds flying from the south to the north, looked at the branches in the north and shed tears.
The continuous rain on the mountain has slightly stopped, and the clouds on the river have slightly turned into trend clouds.
But I can't hate Changsha if I have to go back to Japan.
Du Dayuling
This poem expresses the author's sadness about the countryside and yearning for homesickness.
Feelings are sincere.
The style is natural and smooth.
Compact and organized
Crossing the Han River
The sound outside the spine is broken, and the winter returns to spring.
The closer I get to my hometown, the more timid I am, afraid to inquire about people from home.
The value of Shen and Song's creation lies in that they summed up the experience of poetry creation since the Six Dynasties and established the form of regular poetry.
Biography of the Book of the New Tang Dynasty Song Wenzhi: "Since Wei Jian arrived in Jiangzuo, the rhythm of poetry has changed frequently. For Shen Yue and Yu Xin, they are connected by phonology, which belongs to precision. And Song, Shen Quanqi, add branches and leaves, avoid the sound disease, the left and right sentences are accurate articles, such as written by Jinxiu, and there are only a handful of literati chronicles. "
Wang Shizhen's "World Garden Words" says: "Five words can be called Fa from Shen to Song."
Preface to the Epitaph of Yuan Wailang Du Jun, Ministry of Industry and Technology of Tang Dynasty: Shen Songzhi, who studied and practiced meticulously, was calm and steady, which was called the law poem.
Four friends of the article
It refers to the four court poets of Emperor Wu, namely Li Qiao, Su Weidao, Cui Rong and Du Fu.
All four poets write metrical poems.
"New Tang Book Du Chuan": "Shao and Li Qiao, Cui Rong and Su are four friends of the article, with the world numbers Cui, Li, Su and Du."
Du shenyan
He is tall and arrogant, and he is an arrogant and extremely boastful person.
"High, proud to see a doctor. As an assistant minister of heaven, Su Weidao tried to judge and said,' Taste will die'. People were surprised to ask him why, and they replied,' He died of shame when he saw my sentence.' Another taster said,' I can write well, Song is an official, and my pen is Wang Xizhi's North.' "
"The judge said he was very ill. What about Wenzhi, Wuping and other provinces in Song Dynasty? He replied,' It's already unfortunate that children are suffering. Why do we talk about this? However, I am here, and I have been waiting for the public for a long time. It is a great comfort to die now, but I hate that I can't replace others.
Beijing in spring has a mind.
I traveled to Qin alone this spring, worrying that spring is not spring.
Flowers grow alone in the forest garden, and the leaves in front of Xiliuying are full of new flowers.
Friends should be having a good time in Nanqiao at this time, and the general's family are reluctant to disperse.
I am here to see the distant Luoyang and the scenery in spring. When I meet my friends again, next spring will give me a more beautiful spring!
Looking forward to an early spring outing with Lu Cheng in Jinling.
Only those who are far away from home are particularly sensitive to the change of natural phenology.
The bright sun on the sea is about to rise, and Jiangnan in the south of the Yangtze River is reviving.
Warm spring urges warblers to sing, and duckweed in the clear sun is dark in color.
Suddenly an old song sounded, and I was lost in thought.
Du Fu made the creation of the Five Laws reach a higher artistic level.
Hu Yinglin's poem: "In the early Tang Dynasty, there was no seven-character law, and five words could not be separated. The beauty of these two bodies is unique in Du Shenyan.
"In the early Tang Dynasty, the five-word method,' only the wanderer can come' is the first".
Li Qiao
Li Qiao has 160 metrical poems, of which 120 are poems about objects. Most of them are ordered or should be done.
Cui Rong
Guan Shanyue in Yuefu is very imposing, and the beautiful scenery of Wuzhong's five laws is also quite attractive.
Su weidao
The fifteenth day of the first month
Silver flowers shine like bright lanterns on the tree. On this night, the bridge leading to bright stars opens.
The crowd is surging and the dust is flying under the horseshoe; Moonlight shines in every corner, where people can see the moon overhead.
Prostitutes are ruined, and songs are ruined.
Wu Jin can't help staying up all night, so don't rush each other when singing.