The original text of Suiyuan Poetry Talk:
Yang Chengzhai said: "People who have never been gifted like to talk about style, but they don't understand humor. What is this? Empty style, easy to describe; It is not a genius who is funny and dedicated to writing the soul. " I deeply love his writing. You know, if you have temperament, you have rhythm; Can't rhyme. "300 Articles" is half about worrying about women and half about expressing feelings; Who is the norm and who is the law? Can people who talk about style today go beyond its scope? Kuang Gao and Yu's songs are different from Three Hundred Articles. The style of "national style" is different from "elegance" and "fu": Is there a certain style? Xu Hun said: "Poetry is like fairy bones, but there is no poem in bones." Poetry is in the bone, not in the case.
Yang Wanli (112710/October 29th-1June 2006 15), whose real name was Ting Xiu, was called Cheng Zhai. Jishui, Jizhou (now Tang Qiu Village, huangqiao town, Jishui County, Jiangxi Province). Minister of Southern Song Dynasty, famous writer and patriotic poet, together with Lu You, You Mao and Fan Chengda, are called "Four Poets of Southern Song Dynasty" (also known as "Four Poets of Zhongxing"). Scholars call Song Guangzong "Mr. Chengzhai" because he wrote the word "Chengzhai". In the 24th year of Shaoxing (1 154), Yang Wanli was a scholar, and served in the four dynasties of Gaozong, Xiaozong, Guangzong and Ningzong. He is a doctor in Guo Zi, a prisoner in Guangdong, an attendant of the prince, a secretary and so on. He holds a bachelor's degree in Mo Bao Pavilion and was appointed as the founding county magistrate of Luling County. In the second year of Jubilee (1206), Yang Wanli died of illness at the age of 80. Dr. Huo Guanglu, posthumous title "Wen Jie". Yang Wanli wrote more than 20,000 poems in his life, and 4,200 works were handed down from generation to generation. He is regarded as a generation of poets. He used simple language, fresh and natural, full of humor, and created a "sincere style". Most of Yang Wanli's poems describe natural scenery and are good at it. He also has many chapters reflecting people's sufferings and expressing patriotic feelings. He is the author of Zhai Chengji and so on.
? Style, here refers to the metrical tone of poetry
? Humor, the word "humor" first appeared in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and its connotation refers to both fashion interest and flavor interest. As an aesthetic category, it was established in the Song Dynasty. After the Song Dynasty, literary critics launched a theoretical discussion on "humor". From Ci Hai, it is interpreted as: fashion interest, also refers to flavor interest, and then refers to humorous interest in language and articles.
Mouth, dialect, true tone. Cavity, originally refers to the systematic tunes in music, songs or operas, and also refers to the rhythmic style of poetry articles. Mouth, here means fixed format.
Soul, here refers to people's spirit, temperament and emotion. "Jin Shu Le": "I don't know why I sang songs; I don't know why I am moved, so I don't know my hands and feet. " Jiao's poem "Farewell to Complaints" says: "Sad soul makes medicine dry." Tang Luxi's poem "Living in a Mountain is a Thing" said: "I am not a withdrawn and introverted spirit, and I have never intentionally been jealous." For the first time, he said in Qiu Jin's Jing Wei Poetry in Qing Dynasty: "Only heroes are loyal, although the body is dead, it is still alive."
Temperament refers to human nature and temperament; Character, temper. "Ganyi": "A virtuous person has a temperament." Confucius' Ying Da Shu: "Sex, nature, not evil; Love, sexual desire. " The ninth poem of Tang's Farewell wrote: "Talking about the customs of Pakistan has no Chinese temperament." Liang Rongrong of the Southern Dynasties wrote "A General Theory of Poetry": "The animals of Qi are touching, so they sway their temperament and dance in various forms." Tang Du Fu's Twenty-four Servants and Forty Rhymes to the King: "The origin is doomed, and the temperament is true." Qing Dynasty's "Rizhilu: The ancients used rhyme without horizontal" Gu Yanwu: "Poetry is the main temperament, not expensive." Huang Qingzong Xi's Biography of Liu Jingting: Although storytelling is a small skill, it must have temperament and customs. If you shake your head and sing, you can succeed.
? Metric refers to a series of unique rules in China's ancient poems, which should be followed in terms of format and rhythm. China ancient modern poetry has strict rules in meter, and there are formats and rules in the number of words, sentences, duality, parallelism and rhyme. Foreign poetry also has its own meter. Plaid, in popular terms, is the format, pattern and main shape; Rhythm, that is, melody, rhyme. Others, such as ancient poems, modern poems and Europeanized poems, have no clear and strict metrical requirements.
Three hundred is the number of the earliest book of poetry in the history of China literature, and it is also a synonym for the book of poetry. The Book of Songs was written in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. Originally called The Book of Songs. Confucius mentioned this name many times, such as: "The Book of Songs is 300, in a word, it means' thinking without evil'". "Reciting 300 Poems, teaching them as politics, is unattainable; Make it all-round, not exclusive. Although a lot, what do you think? " Sima Qian also used this name, such as: "300 poems, probably written by sages when they were angry." Because there are 3 1 1 poems recorded in later generations, it is called "Poetry 300" for the convenience of narration. It was renamed The Book of Songs because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took The Book of Songs, Li, Yi and Chunqiu as five classics.
Hao Tao is a legend in ancient China. There are generally two opinions about Hao Tao's birthplace. One is from Hao Tao Village, Hongtong County, Shanxi Province, and the other is from Qufu, Shandong Province. A great statesman, thinker and educator in ancient times, he was recognized by historians and judicial circles as the originator of China's judicature. One of the "Four Ancient Saints", with the same fame as Yao, Shun and Dayu, was buried in Liu (Lu). According to his achievements, Yu Ba's descendants were sealed in Britain and (now Lu 'an, Anhui Province), so they were also honored as the founding fathers of Lu 'an. According to legend, he was born in the period of Emperor Yao and was once appointed as a "scholar" in charge of criminal law by Shun. Hao Tao's main contributions include the formulation of criminal law and education, and helping Yao Shun and Dayu to carry out five punishments and five religions. Governing prisons with unicorns and maintaining justice; No matter punishment or education, we need the righteousness of the father, the kindness of the mother, the friend of the brother, the respect of the brother and the filial piety of the son, so as to make the society harmonious and rule the world.
Yu, surnamed Si, is famous for his literary life. In history, Dayu and Yu were called leaders and the founding emperors of Xia Dynasty. Yu is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the grandson of Zhuan Xu (but some people say that Yu should be the grandson of Zhuan Xu VI). His father's name is Kun, and he was honored as an earl by Emperor Yao. He is called "Chong Bo Kun" or "Chong Bo" by the world, and his mother is Xin's daughter. According to legend, Yu made great contributions to the management of the Yellow River, and was abdicated by Shun and inherited the throne. With the support of the governors, he officially acceded to the throne, with Yangcheng as the capital and Pingyang as the capital (or Anyi or Jinyang), with the title of Xia. In the Tang dynasty, the enfeoffment of Danzhu and the enfeoffment of merchants were dangerous. Yu was the first emperor of Xia Dynasty, so later generations also called him Yu. He is a wise emperor in ancient legends of China, who is as famous as Yao and Shun. His most outstanding achievement is that he has been praised for controlling the catastrophic flood, and designated the territory of China as Kyushu. Later generations called him Dayu. Yu was buried in Huiji Mountain (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) after his death, and there are still Yu Temple, Yuling and Yuci. Since Xia Qi, emperors have come to Yuling to offer sacrifices to him.
National style is a part of the Book of Songs. Generally speaking, it is the folk poems of the Chinese people in various vassal States from the early Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period. Most of the works of Guofeng are the collective creations of working people of Han nationality, and they are the essence of The Book of Songs. ?
? Elegance is one of the components of The Book of Songs. Among them, there are 74 articles in Xiaoya, 3 articles in Daya1article and * *105, which are collectively called "erya". Elegant poems are mostly music songs sung by the upper class of slave owners and nobles at various ceremonies or banquets. Most of Xiaoya's works are written by aristocrats from all walks of life, and some of them are folk songs. Elegance is almost always the work of nobles. Ya's poems are generally long, such as Ya pity, which is 12, 144 sentences with 468 words. Syntactic rhymes neatly, layout is meticulous and organization is complete. The language of "Ya" poems is generally not as easy to understand and more abstract as "Feng" poems.
? Ode, an integral part of the Book of Songs. Including 3 1 Zhou Song, 4 truffles, 5 ode to Shang, and 40 * * *, which are collectively called "Three Odes". Odes are mainly music songs used by Zhou emperors and princes for sacrificial ceremonies or other important ceremonies, and their contents are mostly to publicize the destiny and praise the merits of ancestors. Fu is full of empty and abstract preaching, lacking in imagery and rhythmic beauty, and rarely using contrast and stimulation.
Xu Hun (about 79 1 ~ about 858), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Danyang, Runzhou (now Danyang, Jiangsu). One of the most influential poets in the late Tang Dynasty. As an adult, he moved to Dingmaojian, Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province) and took Dingmao as his poem name. Later generations called it "Jung-Moo Huh". He did not write ancient poems all his life, but specialized in law; There are many five or seven rhythms, mature and steady syntax and unique tone, which is called "Ding Mao Style". The theme is nostalgia and pastoral poetry, while art is characterized by occasional integrity and skilled poetic rhythm. Poems only describe water and rain scenes, so they are called "a thousand wet poems in Xu Hun". Later generations put forward to be the same as the poet Du Fu, and evaluated it with "Xu Hun's thousand poems are wet, Du Fu's life is sad". Many people mistakenly entered Du Mu's anthology by Xu Shi. The masterpiece is "East Building of Xianyang City".
? Climb high and miss the ancient oil for thousands of miles, but the willows in your eyes are like Jiangnan.
? The red sunset is in the temple outside the temple, and the wind has not yet come, and the wind has already blown the buildings in Xianyang.
? At dusk, birds fly in the garden, and in late autumn, cicadas chirp in the leafy trees.
? Passers-by don't ask about the past, only the Weihe River flows eastward as always.
My translator:
? Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said: "Poets who have never been gifted or clumsy always talk about the rhythm and rhyme of poetry when writing poetry, but they don't understand that the true meaning of writing poetry lies in fashion and interest. Why is this happening? Because metrical rhyme is an empty shelf, with this format template, it is easy to fill in the content, just follow the gourd painting gourd ladle. A work with fashionable taste must express people's thoughts, emotions and souls. It is not impossible for a genius to do this. " I am convinced of what he said. You know, with true temperament, there is rhythm. Rhyme is not out of tune. There are 300 books in The Book of Songs, more than half of which are frank and outspoken works of hardworking people who miss their wives. Who worked out the format for him? Who set the tone for him? Who can write poems and songs beyond their own scope if they are ready to speak metrical tune now? In addition, the poems of Hao Tao and Dayu are different from The Book of Songs. The format of Guo Feng in The Book of Songs is also different from Erya and Song San. How can the format be immutable? Xu Hun, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said, "Poetry is like immortal bones, but there is no poem in bones." Good poetry is the true emotion that exists in the poet's bones, and it is a beautiful rhyme that flows from the poet's heart. It never exists in the poetic meter.