The history of Jingzhou, a famous historical and cultural city, can be traced back to the Paleolithic Age. As early as about 50 thousand years ago, human beings flourished here. Five thousand years ago, Gong Yu designated a wild state, and Jingzhou became one of Kyushu at that time. From 689 BC, when King Chu Wen made his capital Ying (now Jinan, Jingzhou) to 963 AD, 34 emperors of six dynasties established their capitals here. During the Western Han Dynasty, Jingzhou was one of the top ten commercial cities in China. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei, Shu and Wu were the three pillars, and Jingzhou, as the hub of entering Bashu in the west, Wu Hui in the east and the Central Plains in the north, became a battleground for all countries. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Jingzhou was as famous as Yangzhou. In the Tang Dynasty, it was promoted to Du Nan, where roads and governments were located in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, Jingzhou Garrison General House was established here. There are many cultural relics in China, and there are 76 key cultural relics protection units. Jingzhou ancient city wall has a long history and is well preserved, which is a must in the whole country and even the whole world. It is a monument in the history of ancient human city wall architecture, and it is called "a rare perfect city wall in the south of China" by archaeologists. In addition, there are many sites in the Three Kingdoms, such as Guandi Temple, Guan Yu's point platform, Zhang Fei's Dan, and Guan Gong's curettage to cure poison. [6]
The birthplace of Chu culture
Twenty kings of Chu, among the Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period, established Jingzhou as their capital for 4 1 1 year. When its territory was the widest, it covered half of China at that time and became a big country with thousands of chariots and horses. Chu ancestors created "Chu culture" here, comparable to the ancient Greek culture at that time. Its superb textile, smelting, forging and painting skills, Lao Zi's philosophy of Zhuangzi and Zhuang Sao's literature shine brilliantly, and the dazzling Chu culture almost includes all the essence of contemporary culture. [6]
Three Kingdoms Cultural Center
During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei, Shu and Wu Jinge waged a fierce war for Jingzhou. Many heroes and heroines galloped inside and outside the ancient city, leaving countless legends. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms was written in Jingzhou 72 times in 120 years, and it staged a thrilling ancient war drama in China by borrowing Jingzhou, begging Jingzhou, attacking Jingzhou and losing Jingzhou. Guan Yu, a famous soldier of the Three Kingdoms who has been guarding Jingzhou for ten years, has been admired by the world for thousands of years, and the Guan Gong culture derived from him has had a far-reaching impact on people's spiritual and ideological fields. [6]
Jianghan folk-custom cultural center
Chu-Han cultural relics
Thousands of years of cultural accumulation have made Jingzhou a rich and colorful treasure house of folk culture, with romantic and lyrical Wu Ge Chu Dance, world-renowned dramas (Chu Opera, Han Opera, Bangzi, Mashan Folk Songs and Puppet Shadow Play), exquisite embroidery, bamboo slips, bronzes, root carvings and wood carvings, world-famous court food, famous dishes of the Three Kingdoms and endless folk customs. [6]
outstanding
Zhang former residence
Jingzhou, Yu Xiu, Zhong Ling has nurtured generations of outstanding figures.
The "fathers of philosophy" were Qu Yuan (340 BC, 278 BC), Song Yu, Lao Zi (about 57 BC1~ 47 BC1) and Zhuangzi (369 BC-286 BC).
"Father of Drama" You Meng
Chu Zhuangwang (? -59 1 year ago)
Cen Wenben (Cen Can's great grandfather) (595~645) and Cen Changqian (Cen Can's great grandfather) (? -69 1), Cenxi (Uncle Cen Can) (? ~ 7 13) all rely on pen and ink as prime ministers.
Cén shēn (about 715-770), a poet of the Tang Dynasty, Han nationality, was born in Jiangling, Jingzhou (Hubei). 56-year-old, a famous frontier poet in Tang Dynasty, is also known as Gao Cen with Gao Shi. His poems are romantic, magnificent, imaginative, colorful and passionate, especially good at seven-character quatrains.
Zhang (1525- 1582) was an outstanding prime minister of the Ming Dynasty.
These historical celebrities have all stepped onto the historical stage from Jingzhou and are immortal. [6]
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General introduction
Jingzhou ancient city
Jingzhou is the birthplace of Chu culture, from which Chu Zhuangwang, Sun Bin and Qu Yuan all stepped onto the historical stage. Jingzhou is the birthplace of the culture of the Three Kingdoms. "Every time I hear the Three Kingdoms, I want to go to Jingzhou." The Romance of the Three Kingdoms lasted 120 times, and Jingzhou was mentioned 72 times. Historical allusions such as "Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou" and "Guan Yu accidentally lost Jingzhou" are well known. Jingzhou Ancient City is one of the best preserved ancient cities in China, and it is known as "the precipice in the south of the Yangtze River". Jingzhou Museum, Jinan Chucheng, Forest of Steles, Pottery Garden, Taihui Temple, Kaiyuan Temple, Mysterious Temple, Tiannv Temple, Guanmiao Temple, Xiongjiazhongzi Tomb and other scenic spots are unforgettable. A long history, splendid culture and unique landscape have attracted many Chinese and foreign tourists to visit here, and many enterprises have invested here.
Jingzhou ancient city
Jingzhou ancient city
Around the ancient wall of Jingzhou, there are six original city gates, namely East Gate, Xiaodongmen (also known as Gongan Gate), North Gate, Xiaobeimen, West Gate and South Gate. Every city gate is equipped with "double insurance", with two doors at the front and back, and an urn in the middle, so as to "catch turtles in the urn" and kill the enemies who attack the city. After the founding of New China, in order to ease the urban traffic, three new city gates were opened, namely the new East Gate, the new South Gate and the new North Gate. There is no urn in the newly opened gate. In the past, there were towers on the gates of six ancient cities, but now only the east gate and the north gate have towers. Therefore, the best places to visit and appreciate the ancient city wall are the East Gate and the North Gate. The East Gate is also called "Welcome Gate". The name of the tower is "Binyang Tower", which was built in Ming Dynasty. Now the tower is rebuilt at 1988. The East Gate is the gate to welcome ambassadors and guests. So the gatehouse is spectacular, and the urn is the largest. The Great North Gate, also known as Gongjimen, is the exit of the ancient post road to the Central Plains and the capital. People are used to sending relatives and friends on a long trip here, and to folding willows to bless peace. Therefore, the Great North Gate is also called Six Gates. The gatehouse of Dabei Gate is called "Chaozong Building", and the book under the roof of the gatehouse has the time to rebuild this building: in September of the 18th year of Qing Daoguang, Ren Xu was rebuilt on the 10th. The Great North Gate Pagoda is the only surviving ancient pagoda on the ancient city wall. This building is quaint and spectacular, and the movies "Little Flower", "Long Road" and "Warring States Bells" were all filmed here. Both Binyang Building and Chaozong Building have stairs, and visitors can climb up to appreciate the charm of the ancient city.
As a large-scale military fortification in ancient times, Jingzhou ancient city wall has many supporting military facilities besides tall and solid city walls and urns. At present, there are four caves for Tibetan soldiers, one in the east, one in the west, one in the north and one in the south, with a length of10.5m, a width of 6.3m and a depth of 6m, which have the most complete functions and features, and can accommodate 65,438+. There is also a cave where the soldiers hide on each floor. Each floor can accommodate two people, and they are all perforated. The wall where the Tibetan soldier cave is located protrudes outwards in a rectangular shape, so you can shoot the enemy who is attacking the city from behind from three sides and make it unprepared.
At present, the well-preserved retaining wall has an east-west diameter of 3.75km, a north-south diameter of1.2km and a total area of 4.6km2.. Jingzhou moat, also known as water area, is the first line of defense of the ancient city. The moat is10500m long, 30m wide and 4m deep. The moat connects Taihu Lake in the west, Lianchang Lake in the east and the ancient canal. You can sail directly from the inland river to Wuhan. [7]
jingzhou museum
Jingzhou Museum, formerly known as Jingzhou Working Group of Hubei Provincial Museum of Literature and History, was established in the early 1950s. 1958+00 was renamed Jingzhou Regional Museum in June, 1969 was handed over to jiangling county for management and called jiangling county Exhibition Hall, and 197 was returned in June. Located in the west gate of Jingzhou, a national historical and cultural city, it is a local comprehensive museum integrating exhibition, publicity and education, cultural relics collection and protection, archaeological excavation and research. The building covers an area of more than 50,000 square meters, with a building area of 23,000 square meters. It consists of ancient buildings, exhibition buildings, treasure halls, archaeological restoration buildings, cultural relics protection buildings, Chule Palace and office buildings. Kaiyuan Temple was built in the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty and rebuilt in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are existing buildings such as Shanmen, Leizu Hall, Sanqing Hall and Zushi Hall, which are a group of basically complete Taoist ancient buildings. The exhibition building is an antique glazed tile building with three floors and covers an area of 4,000 square meters. Jubaotang is a triple courtyard building with an area of 2,200 square meters. Existing staff 105, with offices, archaeological research institutes, cultural relics exploration brigade, exhibition department, missionary department, cultural relics preservation department and other business institutions. It belongs to Jingzhou Municipal Bureau of Culture. 1993 was rated as one of the top ten excellent museums at the county level in China by National Cultural Heritage Administration, and 1995 was named as the national advanced cultural collective by the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Personnel. In 2000, the National Tourism Administration awarded 4A-level tourist attractions.
Jingzhou Museum has excavated more than 7,000 ancient tombs and nearly 200,000 square meters of ancient cultural sites in cooperation with various capital constructions. There are more than 0/30,000 pieces of cultural relics in the existing collection, mainly archaeological excavations, followed by handed down cultural relics and some revolutionary cultural relics, including bronzes, pottery, porcelain, lacquered wood, jade, stone tools, silk, gold and silver, ancient paintings and calligraphy, bamboo slips and so on. Among them, there are 492 national first-class cultural relics, which have the earliest clay sculpture fauna in the world; Prehistoric jade articles with exquisite workmanship; Four generations of swords have new colors; Up to now, Mashan Warring States silk products with the best preservation, the most complete varieties and the most exquisite weaving and embroidery skills in China have been praised as the world's "silk treasure house" by experts and scholars; Chu and Han bamboo slips, which fill the gaps in historical records, are called underground stacks; The lacquered woodwork of Chu, Qin and Han Dynasties, which accounts for three-fifths of the national total, and the earliest unique wood found in the world so far are precious cultural relics of national treasure level. [8]