One of the two songs on the water threshold
Don du fu
The hut is far away from the hustle and bustle of Chengdu, with a spacious courtyard, no villages around and boundless vision.
Clear water, almost drowning both sides; Green trees and flowers in full bloom in the evening.
It was drizzling, and the fish jumped out of the water happily; The breeze is blowing gently, and the swallows slant across the sky.
The city is crowded with thousands of people; There are only two Three Lamps District here, and it's free.
To annotate ...
1.jiàn: It refers to the sill of Shuige, from which you can overlook and relax.
2. Go: Go to Guo and stay away from the city. Xuan Ying: It refers to the building of the thatched cottage. Xuan, promenade; Yíng, a pillar. Open and cheerful.
3. There is no village to see the credit: because there is no village nearby, you can see farther. Credit (sh): long and far.
4. There are few flat banks in Chengjiang River: it is clear that the river is high and flat, and it is rare to see the river bank.
5. In the city, it means Chengdu.
Appreciation of ancient poetry
This poem was written by Du Fu after he settled in Chengdu Caotang. By describing the beautiful scenery of Sichuan, it reflects the poet's leisurely mood after settling down.
The poem begins with a description of the environment around the thatched cottage. "The entrance is open" and "overlooking the merits" reflect the openness and spaciousness of the cottage. The second couplet in the middle focuses on what you see when you look out. "Chengjiang River is flat and less shore" is a long-term vision, while "secluded trees with more flowers in the evening" is a close-up view, which combines distance and beauty. "Fish in the drizzle, swallow in the breeze" captures the fleeting picture and depicts it in detail. The poet chooses two images, the fish in the water and the swallow in the air, and writes the joy of the fish with the word "Chu" and the graceful posture of the swallow with the word "oblique", which is vivid; Convey the author's inner joy.
At the end of the couplet, the contrast method is used. The contrast between "100,000 households" and "two or three families" shows the quiet environment of the thatched cottage. The eight sentences in the whole poem are all about scenery, and the four words are borrowed from each other, but they do not give people a dull feeling, but are naturally interesting.
Du Fu introduced Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, boasting that he was young and old, known as ""and ""in the world, Han nationality, a native of Gongxian County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province), and a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu is regarded as a "poet saint" by the world, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li" together. In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,400 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite, and he is highly respected in Chinese classical poetry and has far-reaching influence. He lived in Chengdu from 759 to 766 and was commemorated by Du Fu's Caotang.
all one's life
As a teenager, Du Fu lived a relatively stable and prosperous life because of his superior family environment. He has been eager to learn since he was a child. At the age of seven, he was able to write poems. "At the age of seven, I thought I was strong, and I sang the phoenix with my mouth open." He is interested in "making the monarch Yao and Shun, and then making the customs pure." When he was a teenager, he was also very naughty. "I remember when I was fifteen, I was a child, as healthy as a yellow calf." Pear and jujube are ripe in August before the court, and the tree day can return to a thousand times. "Du Fu roamed several times in his youth. At the age of nineteen, he traveled abroad (now Shandong), showing all his shortcomings.
family member
Grandfather Du Fu's grandfather was Du Fu, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Du Shen Yan is very talented, but he is proud of his talent. Shao, Li Qiao, Cui Rong and Su Weidao are called "Four Friends of Articles". In the first year of Xianheng (670), he was promoted to Jinshi and was appointed as the captain of Jicheng. Then switch to Luoyang city. In 698, in the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he was demoted to Jizhou to join the army. But at this time, they offended their colleague Guo Ruoying and Chief Executive Zhou Jizhong, conspired to frame Du and sentenced him to death. Du Fu's uncle, Du Bing, was thirteen years old and assassinated Zhou Ji.
Allusion: Angry at the extravagant and shameless royal family.
The Tang dynasty, especially during the reign of Xuanzong, was undoubtedly a veritable big country in the world at that time; But in this seemingly powerful kingdom, signs of collapse have been born because of collusion and many other reasons. Xuanzong Li Longji was a very successful emperor when he was young. He successively appointed Yao Chong, Song Jing, Zhang Jiuling, Han Xiu and other loyal patriots as prime ministers, and vigorously rectified the corresponding drawbacks. Social economy has made great progress, comprehensive national strength. ...
Ideological core
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and his poetic style is gloomy and frustrated, worrying about the country and the people. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, exposed and criticized the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and was even willing to make sacrifices to save their suffering. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, with the most ...
Calligraphy achievement
Du Fu's view of calligraphy creation is very mature and profound. According to the records, his calligraphy style is cursive and cursive, with overall intention, respect for the ancient and magnificent, and emphasis on speed, rhythm, brushwork, ink method and so on. He was also a very profound calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, his praise of the official calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty and his evaluation of Cao Ba and Zhang Xu were enough to make him famous in the history of calligraphy, and his theory of "calligraphy is expensive but thin and hard" laid the foundation for Du Fu and calligraphy theory. ...
Poetic style
Generally speaking, Du Fu's depressed poems are characterized by "depression" in language. The word "depressed" first appeared in the Southern Dynasties, "the body is depressed and thinking, and the sun and the moon are beautiful". Later, Du Fu wrote the word "depressed and frustrated", which accurately summarized the language of his works. "As for depression and frustration, they are always agile, while Yang Xiong and Gao Mei are ordinary." Further research on Du Fu's poems shows that the formation of his poetic style is closely related to his adherence to Confucianism.
The influence of later generations
His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines. Arts and Crafts ... Show all contents
Literary achievements
The literary work Du Fu's Poems has sixty volumes, which were lost earlier. In the second year of Baoyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty (1039), Wang Zhu collected 1405 volumes and compiled them into 18 volumes, which was named "Du Gongbu Collection". Qian edited The Collection of Du Gongbu. Yang Lun said: "Since the Six Dynasties, Yuefu imitated plagiarism, and Chen Xiangyin was the most disgusting. When Zi Mei came out, she felt what she felt at that time. When she went to Benjamin, she was in trouble. The people there were very poor. She asked questions at random, trying to get rid of the stereotypes of her predecessors. The position of poetry in Du Fu's Middle Ages ... shows everything.
background
Du Fu was born in Dujia, Jingzhao, a northern scholar-bureaucrat. Its distant ancestor was Du Zhou, a famous cruel official of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He and Du Mu, another great poet in the Tang Dynasty, were both great scholars and celebrities in the Jin Dynasty. However, the two tribes are far apart. Du Fu comes from Du Yu's second son Du Dan, and Du Mu comes from Du Yu's youngest son Du Yin. Du Fu's ancestor was Du Shenyan, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Du Shen Yan is very talented, but he is proud of his talent. Shao, Li Qiao, Cui Rong and Su Weidao are called "Four Friends of Articles". Tang Gaozong Xianheng ... Show all.
Chronological life
During the reign of Xuanzong (7 12-755), the first year of Xuanzong was Renzi (7 12). Du Fu was born in Gongxian County (now Gongyi, Henan Province) and his ancestral home was Xiangyang, Hubei Province. In the fifth year of Xuanzong Kaiyuan, Ding Si (7 17) was six years old. Taste Yancheng and watch Gong Sundaniang dance "Sword" and "Soul Tuo". Kaiyuan six years, Wuwu (AD 7 18), seven years old. Initiate poetry. In the eighth year of Xuanzong Kaiyuan, Geng Shen (AD 720) and Du Fu were nine years old. Start learning big characters ... show everything.
Memorial building
Du Fu Cottage has two Du Fu Cottage, which are located in Chengdu, Sichuan Province and Chengxian County, Gansu Province. The former is more famous. Dufu tomb in Mangling, Kangdian, Gongyi, Henan. Shaolingtai is located in Yanzhou City, Shandong Province. Dugong Temple is located in Shaoling, Chang 'an District, Xi City, Shaanxi Province. There are several ancestral temples in Dugong, and there are four ancestral temples outside Chengdu, Leiyang and Kuizhou. "Four temples refer to temples in gangwon, Zhangzhou, Tonggu and Jianmen. Today Leiyang has a key article from Hunan Province ... showing all of them.
The mystery of death
For many years, the biggest question Du Fu left for future generations was the cause of his death. The literary and historical circles put forward five theories about Du Fu's death: First, the theory of illness and death. Looking through Mo Lifeng and Tong Qiang's Biography of Du Fu, it is written in the book about Du Fu's death: "Winter came and the poet fell ill. I got sick on the boat to Hengyang. ..... a superstar has fallen in this infinite loneliness. "