I want to live in the old Hainan village all my life, and the emperor sent five sheep to summon my soul.
There is no place for storks in the sky, and Qingshan is the Central Plains.
To annotate ...
(1) the original poem * * * two, choose the second article here. Chengmai: Chengmai County is located in the north of Hainan Island and the west of Qiongzhou. Tongchao Pavilion: Tongming Pavilion, located in the west of Chengmai County. Cha Shen-xing quoted "Records of Places of Interest": "Tong Chao Pavilion is also Chengmai Yiting."
2 Emperor: Heaven Emperor. Wuyang: the name of a witch. Chu Ci Evocation: "The Emperor sent Wu Yang and said,' There are people here, and I want to help them. The soul is scattered, you can give it. "Wuyang is the next move:' The soul is back!' "Here, the author used Heaven Emperor to send five sheep to summon souls, which means that he was finally recalled by the imperial court and returned to the north, and at the same time implied the meaning of Qu Yuan's own situation.
(4) Yao: Deep and distant.
Comment and analysis
In the first month of the third year of Fu Yuan, Zhezong, who was only 27 years old, died of illness, and Hui Zong Evonne succeeded him. In a short time, the political situation has changed in favor of Yuan You and party member. In May of this year, Su Shi was pardoned and moved to Qiongzhou and Lianzhou (now Hepu, Guangxi), finally ending his relegation in Hainan and embarking on a journey to the north in June. A poem analyzed here was written by a poet on his way from Yun to Lian, passing through Chengmai County and boarding the county post office kiosk.
The first sentence of this poem: "I want to live in the old Hainan village all my life" seems calm on the surface, but I don't seem very excited about my meeting with the north. In fact, under this "calm", the author's complex and profound feelings are hidden.
Su Shi was 62 years old when he was demoted to Danzhou. At this age, crossing the ocean and being exiled to the ends of the earth is a cruel blow! Su Shi thought it was difficult to survive. He once said that after he arrived on the island, he made a coffin first, then a tomb, and was buried in Hainan after his death. Made a will and arranged a funeral. After coming to Hainan, his living conditions were unimaginable. He has no food, no medicine, no room, no friends, no charcoal in winter, no spring in summer and almost nothing. He can only live "like two ascetic monks" with his youngest son Sue. However, the poet has not been overwhelmed by fate, but has always been "detached and complacent" (ibid.), writing books, reciting poems and giving lectures on Ming Dow, which not only cultivated the first scholar in Hainan's history, but also forged a profound friendship with the working people in Hainan. Because of this, when the poet heard the pardon of returning to the north, he did not exclaim ecstasy and exchange tears, but first thought of his already prepared spirit. The poem "I want to live in the old village of Hainan all my life" not only shows the author's resentment against the cruel persecution of the ruling order, but also shows his firmness in the tragic life. It is tantamount to announcing to those rulers that your plot to kill me has finally failed! Since I can survive strongly in Hainan, I can survive strongly. I'm totally ready! Between the lines of this poem, the poet's indomitable spirit and will are revealed, but the expression of this feeling is tortuous.
The next sentence: "The emperor sent five sheep to summon my soul" can have two meanings in understanding. One kind of meaning is to use "Heaven Emperor" as a metaphor for Hui Zong, and "Call My Soul" as a metaphor for being recalled by the imperial court and returning to the north. In the past, many annotations were explained in this way, and there is nothing wrong with this explanation. It's also true that Su Shi didn't know Song Huizong and Evonne clearly at that time and had some fantasies about him. But we can't ignore the following point: Su Shi's allusion to "Chu Ci evokes the soul" obviously contains the meaning of taking Qu Yuan as his own responsibility. In Su Shi's view, he took the right path and tried his best to serve you, but he was brutally punished by being demoted to Hainan. It's like Qu Yuan being exiled by the King of Chu, but being slandered for his loyalty. This is the harm of evil songs, which Fang Zhengzhi can't tolerate! In the poem "The Emperor sent five sheep to call my soul", we can clearly see the author's resentment against his misfortune. At the same time, we can see that he has firm confidence in his noble character. By combining this poem with the previous one, we can see that, after going through all kinds of hardships, the indomitable character and iron-clad image of the old man emerge in our hearts.
The last two sentences of this poem, "The sky is low everywhere, and the green hills are the Central Plains", are written about the poet's excited call for the Central Plains in his own mind, showing his deep nostalgia and ardent yearning for his hometown, rather than what he actually saw. Anyone who has been to Hainan knows that Chengmai County is hundreds of miles away from Haikou and dozens of miles away from the nearest seaside. Standing on the tidal pavilion in Chengmai County, you can't even see the sea, let alone the Central Plains. Here, the poet looks at the sky with storks hidden in the distance, and looks at the distance where the sky meets the earth, imagining in his heart that if there is nothing that day, it must be the land of the Central Plains that I miss day and night! This time, I can finally see the green hills of the Central Plains again and finally reunite with my loved ones! Through this whisper in the poet's heart, we can imagine how much he missed the Central Plains in those years when he was relegated to Hainan. And when he set foot on the journey to return to the north, and was about to see the green hills of the Central Plains, how could he be eager to see and feel the ups and downs! How many memories of the past, how many joys and sorrows of life, gathered together at this moment. This feeling is quite complicated and difficult to express in words, but the author saw the green hills of the Central Plains through his own inner writing and expressed all this incisively and vividly!
The two poems at the end of this poem have always been regarded as famous sentences of Su Shi in his later years, achieving the ultimate goal of poetry. Hu Zai, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once said in Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua that these two poems are "stubborn and arrogant"; Ji Yun in the Qing Dynasty also thought it was a difficult "speech" (Ji Shi, Volume 43). But they didn't explain it in depth, but a passage by Shi Buhua in the Qing Dynasty scratched the itch, which was quite enlightening to us. Shi Buhua said: "Dongpo's seven wonders are also lovely, but they are more interesting and less verve." The same is true of' water pillows can make mountains pitch and wind boats swim around the moon'; Children mistakenly like Zhu Yan, but when they smile, they know it is burgundy, which is very interesting. I want to live in the old Hainan village all my life, and the emperor sent five sheep to summon my soul. The sky is low and nowhere, and the green hills are the Central Plains', then the charm is two, and the language is heavy and out of reach. "("My servant tells poems ")
In Shi Buhua's view, the strength of this poem is different from the emotional appeal of The Drunken Book of Wang Hulou (the second part) and the writing interest of Three Vertical Poems (the first part), but it focuses on "verve". The concept of "verve" was put forward by Sheikh in the Southern Qi Dynasty in the Catalogue of Ancient Paintings, and Zhang Yanyuan in the Tang Dynasty also said in the Catalogue of Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties, "As for ghosts and gods, they must have verve if they are vivid and vivid." (The Collection of Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties, Volume One and Six Laws) Later, Hu Yinglin started with winning the bid for the poetic theory and went to Wang Shizhen in the Qing Dynasty to formally put forward the theory of verve, taking verve as the most important criterion for evaluating poetry. As for what "verve" is, Wang Shizhen actually did not make a systematic and positive exposition. He often quoted some predecessors' poems as examples, or quoted some good old sayings, such as Si Kongtu's "Nothing is romantic" and Yan Yu's "No trace" to explain it, which made it very mysterious and mysterious. In fact, in our view today, the so-called "verve" is a description without trace, an artistic realm that allows us to see the poet's inner activities and mental state, and an extreme implication. From this understanding, we can see Su Shi's poem "Chengmai One Child's Super Pavilion", and we think that Shi Buhua's comments have grasped the key point.
The greatest feature of Su Shi's poem is his deep feelings. On the surface, it seems that he only objectively described his present situation and what he saw and heard when he boarded the Children's Supermarket, but did not mention his sufferings. However, after reading this poem and chewing it repeatedly, we feel that the poet clearly wrote his resentment against the cruel persecution of the ruler, his perseverance in suffering, and his noble character and integrity; He also wrote about his deep yearning and eager yearning for the Central Plains when he set foot on the road to the north, and wrote about his excited mood. These feelings are all we can feel and grasp, but at the same time, they are said, which is really "romantic without a word." Shi Buhua's analysis of this poem from the perspective of "verve" should be said to be a broken theory, which is obviously much better than Hu Zai's and Ji Yun's comments.