Most of Wu Chu is divided into two parts in the southeast, and huge water waves are breathing around the clock.
None of my friends or relatives have heard from me. I am as old as a lonely boat and ill.
The war in Guanshan in the north has never stopped, and I can't help crying when I look out the window.
Climbing Yueyang Tower
Author: Du Fu
I heard that Dongting Lake is magnificent before, but today's wish has finally reached Yueyang Tower.
The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water.
There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat.
The battle of the north gate began again, and I cried through the railing.
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The first couplet "I've heard about Dongting Lake for a long time, and now I'm on this tower". One thing is clear: the poet's longing for Dongting Lake has a long history, which is a natural feeling in narrative writing. But after all, this is a yearning for the past. It seems that their feelings should be happy when they board Yueyang Tower. Because years of longing have come true, I must be happy. But if you savor it carefully, you can't see the word happy in the sentence, and you can't get what you want. This is especially true in the following areas. In fact, there is a long time between "past" and "present" in these two sentences. The author has opened this distance and left it to the readers to imagine and remember, instead of filling it with simple words such as "happiness" and "sadness". The ancients said that "the beauty of metrical poetry lies in the absence of words", which is the absence of words. Between the past and the present, the sky is changing, the earth is changing, the country is changing and people are changing. The Anshi Rebellion, the decline of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, the people's deep disasters and Du Fu's personal tragic experience all condensed in Du Fu's mind and boarded Yueyang Tower with the poet. He is unhappy. It should be said that "and now I have finally boarded this tower" has been yearning for many years, but it is only now that I have been boarded. This is a sigh, and there is a feeling of worrying about the country and the people and hurting the world. This sigh, like the introduction of an aria, opened the next movement. Here, we should also pay attention to the word "water", the title is "climbing Yueyang Tower", but the first sentence is Dongting Lake, and the second sentence is Yueyang Tower, and it is "Dongting Water" instead of Dongting Lake. This word "water" is obviously prominent, which captures the main characteristics of Dongting scenery, indicating that the following is mainly about "water".
Zhuan Xu "has Wu in the east and Chu in the south, which shows that heaven and earth are drifting endlessly". These two sentences are closely related to the word "water" in the first couplet. Although the word "water" does not appear, it is dedicated to Dongting water. Standing on the Yueyang Tower, the poet looked to the southeast, only to see Dongting Lake vast and endless, while Wu was pushed to the Far East and Chu was pushed to the west and south. This scene is like the Dongting Lake extending to the southeast, splitting the originally connected land of Wu Chu in two. The word "Wei" is well used and dynamic. It seems that the lake is extending and the earth is cut. The latter sentence "Gankun" refers to heaven and earth, including all things in heaven and earth. "I can see the heavens and the earth floating endlessly" means that the poet stands on Yueyang Tower and looks around, and there is endless Dongting water everywhere, as if the whole world is floating by the lake, as if everything in the world is floating on Dongting Lake water day and night. The word "floating" is also dynamic. It reminds people of a hemisphere, the whole sky is held up by the lake, and the movement of everything is the result of the oscillation of the lake. These two sentences are both Dongting water, and the realm is broad. One is the width of the water surface, and the other is the power of water. Being able to split the earth and float to Gankun is the power to write extremely. And those huge things that are separated and floating show the breadth of the lake. This is not a simple exaggeration, there is a problem of vision, feeling and imagination. Because the earth is round, people's vision is limited. Facing the vast lake, they may not see the shore. Even if they do, it's just a line from a distance, which makes the lake infinite and the distance is very narrow. The poet accurately and truly grasped the illusion of vision and feeling, and described the lake as boundless, as if there were water towns and villages everywhere on the earth, which was the truth of visual feeling. However, with the help of imagination, the poet also integrated the invisible land of Wu Chu and the whole border between Gansu and Kunming into this visual and sensory picture. Thus, it constitutes an imaginary vast picture of Wu Di Chu crack and the whole Gankun floating. This is the image formed by imagination. This is the result of integrating the imagined broader scene into the visual picture. This means that "there is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, which shows that heaven and earth are drifting endlessly" is the product of optical illusion and imagination, and it is a very successful macro image. Its main characteristics are broad realm and great spirit. Such a great macro image and boldness of vision are rare in China's ancient poems. For example, Meng Haoran also chanted the poem "Clouds dream up and fog around Yueyang" in Dongting Lake, but it was not as lofty as Du Fu's poem. These two sentences are scenery writing, but they can't be regarded as pure scenery writing. They permeate the poet's mind. "There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and you can see the endless drifting of heaven and earth" reveals the disintegration of the Tang Dynasty and the instability of the national situation.
"But the news of no relatives or friends reached me, and I was old and sick, alone with my boat" are the poet's own situation. "Not a word" means no news, no news. "No news from relatives and friends has reached me" is about the poet's loneliness, but the main reason is that he has no news and does not understand the situation in North Korea and the local area, that is, the situation of the whole country. For a poet who is obsessed with the king, the country and the people, it is a kind of loneliness forgotten by society, which is undoubtedly very painful in spirit. "Lonely boat" refers to the poet's family living in a small boat, without news, old, weak and sick, wandering alone, and the misery of spirit and life can be imagined. Understanding these two sentences should be linked with the first two sentences. The first two sentences are looking into the distance. Looking around, water is connected with the sky, which is linked with Wu Chu and the whole Gankun. Look at these two sentences carefully, what you see is a lonely boat, which is what touches him most at close range. So this reminds him of his life experience, experience and situation. It can be said that these two couplets are born from the scene, but the first two sentences mainly say what you saw in the scene, and the last two sentences mainly say what you saw outside the scene caused associations. These two associations are also closely related in connotation. On the surface, it seems that there is no connection, but in fact it is the same strain. Since these last two sentences are about his lonely and miserable situation, it should be inferred that the first two sentences are more than just scenery. In fact, the first two sentences symbolically and analogously imply the turmoil of the country's situation by writing a vision. It contains the sequelae of the Anshi Rebellion: the decline of the Tang Dynasty, the suffering of the people, the intrusion of foreign nationalities, the disintegration of the country and the instability of society, the lack of ministers of pillars and so on. These are unforgettable things in Du Fu's wandering. It is precisely because the poet cares about state affairs and civil affairs that he cares. So when he saw the vast Dongting Lake, he would feel as if the earth had cracked and Gankun was floating day and night. Judging from Du Fu's consistent ideological realm of worrying about the country and the people, he will definitely think of these when climbing Yueyang Tower. It can be said that I didn't expect these to be Du Fu. It is precisely because the poet's chest is churning with people's worries about state affairs and civil affairs that he naturally evokes the sadness that he can no longer display his ambitions. So this kind of sadness of being alone, old, weak, sick and unable to hear the news naturally welled up in my heart. Among the two couplets, the upper couplet is big, the lower couplet is small, and the size is in contrast, which also contains the poet's infinite feelings As far as the scene is concerned, the first one shows the vast Dongting Lake, and the second one draws a boat on the water. The lake is rough and the boat is floating. Although the size varies greatly, they are unified in one painting. If Dongting Lake is compared to the whole country, then the lonely boat is the poet Du Fu himself. This is a symbol. This harmonious contrast not only contains the sadness and injustice of the poet's life experience, but also reflects the close connection between the poet and his own destiny and the destiny of the country. The poet stood on the Yueyang Tower, looking at the lake, looking at the boat, thinking of the country, thinking of himself, and all kinds of feelings haunted him. "If it is not wide, it will be narrow and not bitter. If it can be narrow, it will be wider." Compared with the "lone boat", "Gankun" is broader, while the narrow one is more lonely.
Tail joint "There are wars and mountains to the north of this wall." "Army horse" refers to war horse and war horse, and refers to war. "Guanshan", generally speaking, does not refer to that pass or that mountain. "Guanshanbei" refers to the place where wars are fought. As far as the poet is concerned, from Dongting Lake to Chang 'an, across the mountain, the war is burning in the north. "There are wars and mountains to the north of this wall" refers to the invasion of Tubo at that time, which threatened Chang 'an, the war continued and the country was restless. "How can I not cry by this railing?" Du Fu leans against the window of Yueyang Tower and looks north. Although Chang 'an or the war can't be seen across the mountain, in his mind, there are scenes of Tubo invasion, Chang 'an crisis and people's suffering, and he can't help crying. These two sentences are two scenes: one is the war near Chang 'an in the northwest, and the other is the old poet leaning against the window on Yueyang Tower. The two constitute a painting, the former is what the poet thinks, and the latter is the poet's own real scene. Chang 'an and Yueyang Tower are thousands of miles apart, but there is no such distance in the poet's heart. This is really in Dongting and the heart is in Chang' an. The lonely boat is small, but it contains the whole world. In an aging and sickly body, there is also a sincere heart that cares about the country and the people. At the same time, the phrase "north of this wall, there are wars and mountains" clearly shows that when the poet climbed Yueyang Tower, he was thinking about the turmoil in the country. This shows that the second couplet is not just about scenery. The third joint is more than just writing about your loneliness. "How can I not cry by the railing?" It reflects the poet's helplessness and extreme depression after comparing the current situation of the country with his own lonely situation, and vividly and profoundly shows Du Fu's mental pain in his later years. Mental pain is mainly helplessness.
Brief introduction of the author
Du fu (7 12 ~ 770), with beautiful words, tried to call himself "Shaoling night old". Take Jinshi as an example. He used to be a foreign minister in the school department, so he was called Du Gongbu internationally. He is the greatest realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and is known as the "poet saint" after the Song Dynasty, and is also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. His poems boldly exposed the social contradictions at that time and expressed deep sympathy for the poor people. Many excellent works show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, which is called "the history of poetry".