The word "Putonghua" appeared in the late Qing Dynasty. The Qing court defined Beijing Mandarin as "Mandarin" in 1909, and the pronunciation of Mandarin was formulated many times during the Republic of China. After the founding of New China, it was stipulated in 1955 that the national common language was Putonghua. The predecessor of Mandarin is Mandarin in Ming and Qing Dynasties, before which it was called Yayan.
As one of the working languages of the United Nations, Mandarin has become an important bridge for cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries and the first choice for foreigners to learn Chinese. By 20 15, 70% of the population in China has the ability to use Putonghua, and about 400 million people are limited to one-way communication.
Extended data:
Characteristics of Putonghua
Luanping County, Chengde City, Hebei Province is the main place to collect standard Putonghua pronunciation (some words are rarely used locally, but collected elsewhere). During the period of 1953, the language experts sent by the Government Affairs Bureau of the Central People's Government at that time conducted a sound sampling survey to formulate the standard of common language and characters in China, and collected sounds in Jingoutun Town, Bakeying Town and Huodoushan Town of Luanping.
As a national standard, Putonghua needs fluent syllables, concise tones, easy to distinguish, even moderate speech speed, coherent airflow and full of charm, which is suitable for broadcasting, speech and daily communication, so as to be suitable for being promoted nationwide as a public language. Judging from the later standard of Putonghua, Luanping's everyday language conforms to these standards.
Luanping's pronunciation is accurate and clear, with clear pronunciation and clear pronunciation, and the intonation is "harder" than that of Beijing dialect at that time. Direct, clear and definite, especially without the pronunciation habits of Beijing Hutong, such as tongue rolling, word saving and ending, it is easy to learn and popularize.
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