Liu E
Modern novelist. The courtesy name is Tieyun, and he is not assigned to Bailiansheng in Hongdu. He was a native of Dantu, Jiangsu Province (now Zhenjiang City), and his native place was Shanyang (now Huai'an). He was born in a bureaucratic family, but he didn't like writing in the examination room. He inherited his family education and devoted himself to practical knowledge such as mathematics, medicine, and hydraulics. He also surveyed hundreds of schools and liked to collect calligraphy, painting, inscriptions, inscriptions, and oracle bones. His book "Tie Yun Hidden Turtle" was the first to make oracle bone divination public to the world. In his early years, he was not successful in the examination, so he practiced medicine and did business. From the fourteenth year of Guangxu (1888) to the twenty-first year of Guangxu's reign, he successively joined the shogunate of Wu Dacheng, the governor of Henan, and Zhang Yao, the governor of Shandong, where he assisted in the Yellow River control project. He made remarkable achievements and was recommended to the Prime Minister's Government Affairs Office for appointment as the prefect. In the 23rd year of Guangxu's reign (1897), he was hired by the Foreign Shangfu Company to serve as the manager of Shanxi Mineral Resources. Later, he participated in the drafting of the articles of association of the Yufeng Company of the Henan Mining Authority, and planned the mining of the Maha Gold Mine in Sichuan and the Sifu Coal and Iron Mine in Quyanwenchu, Zhejiang for the Fu Company, becoming a comprador and broker for foreign businessmen. In the 26th year of the Boxer Rebellion (1900), the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing. Liu E purchased too much millet from the Allied Forces and set up a Pingding Bureau to relieve Beijing's famine. In the thirty-fourth year (1908), the Qing government exiled him to Xinjiang for the crime of "privately selling warehouse grain". He died in Urumqi the following year.
On the eve of the complete demise of the feudal dynasty, Liu E was opposed to the revolution, and at the same time he felt uneasy and indignant about the failed political situation in the late Qing Dynasty. He believed that "the serious disease of the country at that time was that the people had lost their support. All countries regarded exploitation as their motto, and the imperial court regarded exploitation as their business, and the people were miserable. When the people were poor, they were in chaos" (Letter to Huang Baonian). He demanded clarification of official administration and opposed "tyranny that disturbs the people" in order to ease class conflicts. With the influx of Western civilization, his prescription for "supporting the decline and revitalizing the poor" was to borrow foreign capital to set up industries, build roads and mines, so that the people could escape poverty and the country would gradually become prosperous and powerful. He said in a letter to Luo Zhenyu: "The people of Jin will be supported by the opening of the mines, and the country will be rich. The country has no savings, so it is better to let the Europeans open it. I will strictly establish the system and make the entire mine road complete in thirty years." Belong to me. If this is the case, his interests will last for a while, but my interests will last forever." However, as the imperialists stepped up their aggression against China and carried out economic plunder, Liu E was more accommodating to foreign businessmen. This system is often detrimental to national sovereignty and the interests of the people, so it is "relegated to the secular world and regarded as Han □". Liu E believed in the Taigu School and was one of the proud disciples of Li Guang, a disciple of Zhou Taigu, the founder of the Taigu School. He once said in a letter to Huang Baonian that "one thing is not in line with Longchuan (Li Guang□)'s method" and "I am always unhappy and sleepless all night. I will change it and then I will feel at ease." In "Lao Can's Travels", he used the words of his aunt and Huang Longzi to promote the essence of the Taigu School that he inherited and developed. He believed that the distinction between reason and desire in Song Confucianism was not close to human feelings; he advocated using human feelings as the basis for dealing with things in society. According to this, it should be "motivated by emotion and end by etiquette and justice". At the same time, he believes that Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism all lead to the same goal through different paths, and their root is to "encourage people to do good and lead people to be righteous." He also said in a letter to Huang Baonian that the sect's "outline of sacred skills is nothing more than education." He pushed Huang to "take teaching the world as his own responsibility," while he claimed that "it is his own responsibility to educate the world." The spirit of the Taigu School had a profound impact on Liu E's thoughts, actions and novel creation throughout his life.
Liu E's novel "Lao Can's Travels" is one of the four major condemnation novels in the late Qing Dynasty. The book has 20 chapters. It was published in the bimonthly "Xiu Xiang Novel" in the 29th year of Guangxu's reign (1903). It was discontinued for some reasons at the 13th chapter, and was later reprinted in "Tianjin Daily News" to complete it. The original office was Bailiansheng, Hongdu. The author said in the novel's autobiography: "The game of chess is over, and we will grow old. How about weeping if we don't want to?" The novel is the author's cry for the end of feudal society and the people's deep sufferings when "the game of chess is over". The novel describes the experiences and actions of a quack doctor named Tie Ying during his travels. Lao Can is a positive character who embodies the author's thoughts in the work. He "ringed a string of bells" wandered around the world, making a living by practicing medicine. He was content to be indifferent and did not enter an official career. However, he was concerned about the fate of the country and the nation, sympathized with the suffering of the people, had a clear sense of right and wrong, and was brave and courageous, doing his best to relieve some people's suffering. Following Lao Can's footsteps, we can clearly see the social life in Shandong in the late Qing Dynasty. In this picturesque and charming land, a series of thrilling events are taking place. Feudal officials showed off their lustful power and tortured the people wantonly, creating a living hell. The highlight of the novel is that it exposes the tyranny of "honest officials" that was rarely exposed in literary works in the past. The author said, "Corrupt officials are hateful, and everyone knows it. Honest officials are especially hateful, and many people don't know it. Corrupt officials know they are sick and dare not openly commit wrongdoing. Honest officials think they don't need money, so why not? They are self-willed, and they can kill people in small ways and in big ways. We have seen it with our own eyes, and we don’t know how many of them we have misled the country.” "Novel stories have always exposed the evil of corrupt officials, and some have exposed the evil of honest officials, starting from "The Travels of Lao Can"" (original review of Chapter 16). The "upright officials" described by Liu E are actually executioners who are "eager to be high officials" and do not hesitate to kill people to seek credit, and dye their heads red with human blood. Yuxian was appointed as the magistrate of Caozhou because of his "talent and outstanding achievements". In less than a year after taking charge of Caozhou Prefecture, more than 2,000 people stood dead in the 12 cages in front of the Yamen, nine and a half of whom were good citizens. Yu Chaodong's family was framed for having an affair with a bandit. Yuxian did not investigate and insisted that he was a bandit. The father and son were killed in a cage. The young son of a grocery store keeper in Dongjiakou was caught and killed by Yuxian after he casually criticized Yuxian while drunk. The people in Dongping Mansion Bookstore told the truth about Yu Xian to the point, "No matter whether you are justified or not, as long as he feels good in his heart, he will get on the stand."
Yuxian's logic is: "No matter whether this person is wronged or not. If I let him go, I will not be willing to let him go. I will not even be able to save my future in the future. As the saying goes, 'To cut the weed, we must remove the root.'" In order to achieve success, he refused to die. Put down the butcher knife in your hand. Lao Can's poem said, "Unjust burials in the city are dark, and blood stains the top of the pearl red." "Killing the people is like killing thieves, and the governor is Yuan Rong." This profoundly reveals their nature. Gangbi was an upright official who was "incorruptible and honest". He once refused huge bribes, but he relied on not asking for money and not accepting bribes, blindly conjectured and judged the case, and killed many good people in vain. He interrogated the huge case of thirteen people in the Jia family. He made subjective assumptions and determined that the Wei family and his daughter were the murderers. He tortured them to extract confessions, resulting in a shocking injustice. The novel also exposes the seemingly virtuous and ignorant officials. Zhang Gongbao, the governor of Shandong Province, "loved talents as much as he was thirsty" and sought out people with extraordinary talents. On the surface, he is a "courteous and virtuous corporal" official, but in fact he is very dull. He cannot distinguish between the good and evil of his subordinates, the good and the foolish, and he cannot judge the rightness and wrongness of his plans. His love and virtue brought a series of disasters to the people of Shandong. He admired Yuxian, who was an able official in dealing with thieves, and he also relied on Gangbi. What was more serious was that he mistakenly adopted Shi Junfu's river management suggestions, abandoned the people's villages below Jiyang, and retreated to the embankment, causing dozens of people on both sides of the bank to be injured. All living beings are suffering. In the interlude of Peach Blossom Mountain wedged into the novel, it focuses on two strange people living in seclusion in the barren mountains, Gu Gu and Huang Longzi. Through the words and deeds of the two men, they promoted the Taigu doctrine that the author believed in, and at the same time viciously slandered and cursed the revolutionary movement at that time, the so-called "Northern Boxing and Southern Revolution", that is, the Boxers in the north and the bourgeois revolutionaries in the south. , attacking them as "chaos". The Boxer Rebellion was so powerful that he said it "almost cost the country its life"; the Revolutionary Party was slow to gain traction, and he believed that "not to mention it was just a minor skin disease, as it can be fatal if it festers all over the body"; he warned people not to "get involved with them" "Go to the Party" shows the author's backward and reactionary side. The first chapter of the novel is the author's symbolic illustration of the politics of the time. He compared the corrupt China at that time to an old sailing ship floating on the sea about to be engulfed by wind and waves. There are several types of people on the ship: one is the person who is in charge of the sails and is headed by the ship owner, which refers to the upper-level feudal ruling group at that time. The author believes that they "were not wrong", but because they were traveling on the "Pacific Ocean" and could only live a peaceful life, they encountered wind and waves unexpectedly, so they were careless. In addition, they had not prepared a target. When it was cloudy, the sun, moon and stars were all lost. It was covered by clouds, so there was no one to rely on. Another type of people are those who encourage rebellion among the passengers. They are likened to the revolutionaries at that time and slandered them as "heroes" who "only focus on collecting money for themselves and causing others to bleed." He preached that if he followed them, "the ship would capsize faster." There are also some "low-class sailors" who wantonly plunder passengers, which refers to the minions of the ruling class who ignore the overall interests of the feudal dynasty and do whatever they want. The author is also disgusted with them and regards them as sinners. How can we save this ship that is about to be destroyed? The author believes that the only way is to send it a "most accurate" foreign steering wheel, that is, to use some Western civilization to repair the broken country. Some of the characters and events written in the novel are real people and events. For example, Yuxian refers to Yuxian, Gangbi refers to fortitude, Zhang Gongbao (sometimes written as Zhuang Gongbao) is Zhang Yao, Yao Yunsong is Yao Songyun, Zi Jin is Zi Zhan, Shen Dongzao is Du Bingguo, Liu Xiaohui is Yang Shaohe, and Shi Junfu is Shi Shaoqing. etc., or change his name after recording the incident, or change his name after keeping his surname, or change his surname after keeping his name. Black Niu and Bai Niu were the real actors at that time. White Niu was named Wang Xiaoyu. She lived in Minghu Lake and played tricks. She became famous for a while and was known as the "Hongzhuangliu Jingting Pavilion". The destruction of the civil settlements below Jiyang was an actual event in the 15th year of Guangxu (1889). At that time, the author was surveying the Yellow River in Shandong and saw the tragic situation firsthand. As the author said himself: "Unofficial historians are the ones who make up for the shortcomings of history. Names can be trusted by scholars, and things must be based on reality." (Original review of Chapter 13) The artistic achievements of "Lao Can's Travels" are among the highest among late Qing novels. outstanding. Especially in the use of language, he has unique achievements. For example, the scene description can be natural and realistic, with bright colors. The scenery of Qianfo Mountain and the moonlit night of Peach Blossom Mountain in the book are both clear and fresh. When writing about Wang Xiaoyu's singing of the drum, the author used contrasting techniques and a series of vivid and appropriate metaphors to describe it vividly, giving people an immersive feeling. Therefore, Lu Xun praised it for "describing scenery and objects, which are sometimes impressive" ("A Brief History of Chinese Novels").
Liu E also wrote a sequel to "Lao Can's Travels", which was written between the 31st and 33rd years of Guangxu (1905). According to Liu Dashen, there were 14 chapters in the book, and 9 chapters remain today. In 1934, four chapters were published in the fortnightly magazine "Human World", and six separate volumes were published by Liangyou Book Company the following year. The last three chapters were included in "Lao Can's Travel Notes" published by Zhonghua Book Company in 1962. In the first six chapters of the sequel, although there are also revelations about the evil deeds of bureaucrats who wantonly ravage women, the main focus is through the love story of Yiyun, a nun in Taishan Doumao Palace, her deep and subtle ideological activities in her heart, and the words and deeds of Chiryuuko. Promoted the wonderful principles of physical enlightenment. The last three chapters describe Lao Can's journey to hell, embodying his purpose of punishing evil and encouraging good.
In addition, there are still more than 4,700 words in the "Outer Edition", written after the 31st year of Guangxu. In addition to "Lao Can's Travels", Liu E is the author of the heavenly calculation works "Pythagorean Grass" and "The Art of Solitary Triangle", and the river management works "Illustrated Research on the Changes of the Yellow River in the Past Dynasties", "Seven Essays on River Governance" and "Continued Essay on River Governance". ", the medical work "Human Ming An He Ji" (unfinished), the epigraphic works "Tie Yun Hidden Turtle", "Tie Yun Hidden Pottery", "Tie Yun Mud Seal", and the poetry creation "Tie Yun Shi Cun".
In 1980, Qilu Publishing House published "Tie Yun Shi Cun". His poems are fresh, elegant and profound, reflecting some of his whereabouts, thoughts and feelings.
Answer: rugaoxuesong - Tanhua Level 10 12-2 18:31
Liu E (è), a modern novelist. His original name was Meng Peng, with the courtesy name Yun Tuan. Later, it was renamed E, also known as Tieyun and Shengcheng. Signed "Hongdu Bailiansheng". He was a native of Dantu, Jiangsu Province (now Zhenjiang City), and his native place was Shanyang (now Huai'an). He was born in a bureaucratic family, but he didn't like writing in the examination room. He inherited his family education and devoted himself to practical knowledge such as mathematics, medicine, and hydraulics. He also surveyed hundreds of schools and liked to collect calligraphy, painting, inscriptions, inscriptions, and inscriptions, oracle bones. His book "Tie Yun Hidden Turtle" was the first to make oracle bone divination public to the world. In his early years, he was not successful in the examination, so he practiced medicine and did business. From the fourteenth year of Guangxu (1888) to the twenty-first year of Guangxu's reign, he successively joined the shogunate of Wu Dacheng, the governor of Henan, and Zhang Yao, the governor of Shandong, where he assisted in the Yellow River control project. He made remarkable achievements and was recommended to the Prime Minister's Government Affairs Office for appointment as the prefect. In the 23rd year of Guangxu's reign (1897), he was hired by the Foreign Shangfu Company to serve as the manager of Shanxi Mineral Resources. Later, he participated in the drafting of the articles of association of the Yufeng Company of the Henan Mining Authority, and planned the mining of the Maha Gold Mine in Sichuan and the Sifu Coal and Iron Mine in Quyanwenchu, Zhejiang for the Fu Company, becoming a comprador and broker for foreign businessmen. In the 26th year of the Boxer Rebellion (1900), the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing. Liu E purchased too much millet from the Allied Forces and set up a Pingding Bureau to relieve Beijing's famine. In the thirty-fourth year (1908), the Qing government exiled him to Xinjiang for the crime of "privately selling warehouse grain". He died in Urumqi the following year.
Answer: Inverse scales under the tibia - Born in the seventh level with Jinshi 12-2 18:31
Liu E (October 18, 1857 - August 23, 1909)
Liu E (è), a modern novelist. His original name was Meng Peng, with the courtesy name Yun Tuan. Later, it was renamed E, also known as Tieyun and Shengcheng. Signed "Hongdu Bailiansheng". He was a native of Dantu, Jiangsu Province (now Zhenjiang City), and his native place was Shanyang (now Huai'an). He was born in a bureaucratic family, but he didn't like writing in the examination room. He inherited his family education and devoted himself to practical knowledge such as mathematics, medicine, and hydraulics. He also surveyed hundreds of schools and liked to collect calligraphy, painting, inscriptions, inscriptions, and oracle bones. His book "Tie Yun Hidden Turtle" was the first to make oracle bone divination public to the world. In his early years, he was not successful in the examination and he practiced medicine and did business. From the fourteenth year of Guangxu (1888) to the twenty-first year of Guangxu's reign, he successively joined the shogunate of Wu Dacheng, the governor of Henan, and Zhang Yao, the governor of Shandong, where he assisted in the Yellow River control project. He made remarkable achievements and was recommended to the Prime Minister's Government Affairs Office for appointment as the prefect. In the 23rd year of Guangxu's reign (1897), he was hired by the Foreign Shangfu Company to serve as the manager of Shanxi Mineral Resources. Later, he participated in the drafting of the articles of association of the Yufeng Company of the Henan Mining Authority, and planned the mining of the Maha Gold Mine in Sichuan and the Sifu Coal and Iron Mine in Quyanwenchu, Zhejiang for the Fu Company, becoming a comprador and broker for foreign businessmen. In the 26th year of the Boxer Rebellion (1900), the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing. Liu E purchased too much millet from the Allied Forces and set up a Pingding Bureau to relieve Beijing's famine. In the thirty-fourth year (1908), the Qing government exiled him to Xinjiang for the crime of "privately selling warehouse grain". He died in Urumqi the following year.