People's learning is also, or 2 damages more than 3, or less, or easy to 4, or only 5. These four hearts are different.
Know his heart, and then you can recover his loss. Teach others to be good at doing good and saving the lost? Yes
Learners have four kinds of faults (shortcomings), which teachers who impart knowledge must understand. People's learning, some people are greedy and don't want to know more, some people have the problem of having less (knowing a little is enough), some people find it too easy, neglect to study and don't work hard, and some people have the problem of self-limitation.
The causes and psychological states of these four faults are different. Understand their psychological state so as to remedy their mistakes in the future.
The purpose of educating people who impart knowledge is to give full play to their strengths and remedy their mistakes. Note 1 loss: negligence.
2 or: either; Or; Yes 3 more losses: loss is greed.
Loss: the mistake lies in. 4 easy: simple.
⑤ Stop: Stop when encountering difficulties. 6 different hearts: different thoughts.
⑦ Rescue: remedy. ⑧ Long: Used as verbs to develop (their strengths).
9 goodness: strength. ⑩ and: conjunction, table and.
? Person: One. Enlightenment scholars lose four things: lose more, lose less, lose easily, and stop when they lose.
Namely: greed; Self-sufficiency; Despise; Have a taste. Understand the different mentality of students, and then prescribe the right medicine.
Educational methods are not a fixed model, so they must be targeted. Without Jin Gangzuan, we can't make porcelain.
Without pertinence, the method becomes aimless. For people, it is fundamental to grasp the psychological state.
Just like a doctor treating a disease, he must first find out the cause, and then know what means to treat it. The fundamental reason for students' learning problems lies in their psychological state.
Therefore, a really good teacher is first of all a good psychologist, not just an empty talker who knows some rules and regulations. Only in this way can we realize our own shortcomings and make up for them in time, and change passive learning into active learning.
Only by cultivating good study habits, not biting off more than one can chew, being Dont Ask For Help-savvy, not afraid of difficulties, planning, stressing methods and persevering can we learn efficiently.
2. Translation of Classical Chinese Ancient Teaching
Ancient teachers had schools at home (2) and the Party had problems (3). Orderly operation (4) and learning (5). Second-year entrance (6) and middle-aged examination (7). One year depends on distinguishing records (8), three years on respecting music groups, five years on learning friends, and seven years on learning arguments, which is called Cheng Xiao (9). Nine years of knowledge and great achievements (10). Husband is enough to change the customs. Those who are close to him should be advised (1 1), and those who are far away should be pregnant (12). This is also the way of university. Record (13): "moths learn art (14)." That's what it means!
To annotate ...
(1) this excerpt from the "learning ceremony". ② Home: This refers to "Lu", and twenty-five families live in one lane, which is called Lu. Shu: A school in Lv Zhong. (3) Party: 500 households are party. Xiang: A school in Suizhong. (4) Shu (Sui): With Sui, 12,500 households are Sui. The school located in Suizhong. (5) Country: Beijing. Study: University. (6) Other years: there is no year. (7) Middle age: every other year. (8) Reciting classics: breaking sentences into classics. (9) Cheng Xiao: Small achievements. (10) Dacheng: Great achievements. (1 1) Say: Same.
Yue. (12) Huai: yearning. (13) Ji: a book of words and notes. (14) moth (easy): small ant. Surgery: study.
translate
In ancient times, there were schools in China, schools in the Party and universities in Beijing. Freshmen enter school every year and have an exam every other year. In the first year of school, examine the ability to break sentences and identify ambitions; In the third year, check whether you concentrate on your studies and whether you are willing to learn from others; In the fifth year, check whether you love your teacher; In the seventh year, I will examine my views on learning and my choice of friends. If you pass the exam, it is called "Cheng Xiao". In the ninth year, knowledge is fluent, analogy is bypassed, students are not confused when they encounter problems, and they do not violate the cultivation of teachers. This is called Dacheng. This can educate people, change customs, convince people nearby and join people in the same place. This is the truth of university education. The ancient book says, "Little ants often know that there are piles of dirt in the street." That's what I said.
reading comprehension
Learning really needs to be accumulated over time and step by step. This is a time process, so it is absolutely necessary to establish a set of systems and measures, such as curriculum, teaching methods, examination system and so on. We can see that these things have developed relatively completely in the pre-Qin era, which is also an achievement worthy of showing off in our ancient civilization.
But we find that when Confucianism talks about education, it never forgets the word "use" everywhere. It is hard to say whether "utility" is good or not in general, because "utility" (practicality) has different levels. For example, science and technology attach great importance to practicality, but our ancient education never seems to incorporate this content into the education and teaching system. Things at the object level are always despised by the ancients. To put it bluntly, the "use" that Confucian education values is the ruling skill that can govern the country and the people. In their view, nothing that has nothing to do with rule is knowledge and learning, and there is no need to learn and teach.
In this way, the Confucian educational thought will be greatly reduced. In today's words, we can imagine that if we follow this line of thinking, all schools in the country should be political schools, and the goal of schools has become to train officials and politicians. A country is full of officials and politicians, which is a strange thing and probably a little scary.
3. The classical Chinese teacher explains what system is used to ensure that education is implemented.
Ancient teachers had schools at home (2) and the Party had problems (3). Orderly operation (4), state-owned learning (5).
Second-year entrance (6) and middle-aged examination (7). One year depends on distinguishing records (8), three years on respecting music groups, five years on learning friends, and seven years on learning arguments, which is called Cheng Xiao (9).
Nine years of knowledge and great achievements (10). Husband is enough to change the customs. Those who are close to him should be advised (1 1), and those who are far away should be pregnant (12). This is also the way of university.
Record (13): "moths learn art (14)." That's what it means! [2] In ancient times, there were middle schools, middle schools of the Party and middle schools of order, Peking University.
Freshmen enter school every year and have an exam every other year. In the first year of school, examine the ability to break sentences and identify ambitions; In the third year, check whether you concentrate on your studies and whether you are willing to learn from others; In the fifth year, check whether you love your teacher; In the seventh year, I will examine my views on learning and my choice of friends.
If you pass the exam, it is called "Cheng Xiao". In the ninth year, knowledge is fluent, analogy is bypassed, students are not confused when they encounter problems, and they do not violate the cultivation of teachers. This is called Dacheng.
Only in this way can we educate people, change customs, convince people nearby and let people from far away join in. This is the truth of university education. The ancient book says, "Little ants often learn to hold piles of soil."
That's what I said. [2] 6 works reading and learning really need to accumulate over time, step by step.
This is a time process, so it is absolutely necessary to establish a set of systems and measures, such as curriculum, teaching methods, examination system and so on. We can see that these things have developed relatively completely in the pre-Qin era, which is also an achievement worthy of showing off in our ancient civilization.
But we find that when Confucianism talks about education, it never forgets the word "use" everywhere. It is hard to say whether "utility" is good or not in general, because "utility" (practicality) has different levels.
For example, science and technology attach great importance to practicality, but our ancient education never seems to incorporate this content into the education and teaching system. Things at the object level are always despised by the ancients.
To put it bluntly, the "use" that Confucian education values is the ruling skill that can govern the country and the people. In their view, nothing that has nothing to do with rule is knowledge and learning, and there is no need to learn and teach.
In this way, the Confucian educational thought will be greatly reduced. In today's words, we can imagine that if we follow this line of thinking, all schools in the country should be political schools, and the goal of schools has become to train officials and politicians.
A country is full of officials and politicians, which is a strange thing and probably a little scary. [3] 7 works from The Ancient Educator comes from The Book of Rites [2] The Book of Rites, which is an important legal book in ancient China.
This book was compiled by Dade, a Li Shi in the Western Han Dynasty, and his nephew Dai Sheng. Eighty-five pieces of Selected Works of Great Virtue were called "Dai Dai Li Ji", but in the later circulation process, only thirty-nine pieces were left in the Tang Dynasty.
Dai Shengxuan's forty-nine articles are the Book of Rites of Little Dai that we see today. These two books have their own emphases and choices, and each has its own characteristics.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan, a famous scholar, made an incisive comment on The Book of Rites of Little Dai. Later, this book became popular, and gradually became a classic from the works explaining scriptures. The Tang Dynasty was listed as one of the "Nine Classics" and the Song Dynasty was included in the "Thirteen Classics", which is a must-read book for scholars. The Book of Rites mainly records and discusses the pre-Qin ritual system and etiquette, explains etiquette, records questions and answers between Confucius and his disciples, and records the principle of self-cultivation.
In fact, this 90,000-word book has a wide range of contents and diverse categories, involving politics, law, morality, philosophy, history, sacrifice, literature and art, daily life, calendar, geography and many other aspects. It is almost all-encompassing and embodies the political, philosophical and ethical thoughts of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period. It is an important material for studying the pre-Qin society. The Book of Rites is written in narrative form, and some chapters have considerable literary value.
Some use short and vivid stories to express a certain truth, some are grand and precise in structure, some are concise, some are good at psychological description and portrayal, and there are a lot of philosophical aphorisms in the book, which are incisive and profound.
4. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions (1)B: conjunctions and table modifications. (2)D: I hope something will happen or appear and make a guess; I hope, maybe. It can be translated as "maybe, maybe". (3)C "even committing a crime" is groundless. (4) The answer to this question is mainly concentrated in the first paragraph of the article, "Proverbs are used to express will, rituals are used to curb prestige, and reading is used to open consciousness". In one's own language, it can be summarized as: to stimulate interest and learn by singing poems. Persuading reading enlightens wisdom. The same direction of these methods is: smooth guidance and conditioning, subtle, intended to cultivate self-cultivation, but rational and harmonious. (5) This is an open topic. When answering, we should pay attention to the following points: ① Express your own views, and be specific and clear. (2) well-founded, pertinent analysis, reasonable association and explanation in connection with life. ③ Fluent language and clear expression. 4 the number of words is insufficient. Deduct points as appropriate. Answer: (1)B(2)D(3)C(4) Method: Stimulate interest by reciting poems, correct appearance and words by learning etiquette, and enlighten wisdom by persuading reading. * * * The same direction: it is guided and conditioned, imperceptibly, intended to cultivate self-cultivation, but rational. (5) the author's. Extremely selfish. The main reason is that our parents didn't educate their children in this respect, which is what the author calls "etiquette". So we look for the root cause. When we educate our children from an early age to be filial to the elderly and always think of them, they will not be selfish or greedy. The significance of the former king's education has disappeared. Nowadays, filial piety, faithfulness, courtesy, honesty and shame should only be taken as a special lesson in educating children. The specific method of training should be to guide them to sing poems and stimulate their interest. Guide them to learn etiquette and take their appearance seriously; Persuade them to read books to open their minds. Nowadays, people often think that singing poems and learning manners are outdated and vulgar and contemptuous knowledge. How do they know the original intention of the ancients to teach? Generally speaking, children's temperament is like playing, afraid of bondage, just like when vegetation just begins to sprout, if it is allowed to grow freely, it will flourish rapidly, and if it is destroyed, it will wither rapidly. Now if we educate children, we must let them follow their own interests, encourage them more and make them happy, then they will naturally make continuous progress. Just like the breeze and drizzle in spring, flowers and trees will be nourished, and all flowers and trees will develop without bud. Nature can thrive day by day. If they are attacked by frost, they will be depressed and withered day by day. Therefore, to guide children by singing poems is not only to stimulate their interest, but also to consume their energy of jumping and shouting in singing poems and to vent their depression and unhappiness in the melody. Guiding them to learn etiquette is not only to take their appearance seriously, but also to make them move blood in the bow and scrape. Strengthen their bones and muscles by kneeling, bending and stretching. Teaching them to read is not only to open their wisdom, but also to keep their initial heart in repeated thinking and carry forward their ambitions in cadence reading. These are used to conform to their nature, guide their ambitions, adjust their temperament, subtly influence their vulgar and stupid nature, and make them gradually approach the ceremony without feeling difficult. Unconsciously, the temperament has reached justice and peace. This is the profound meaning of Wang Li's teaching. As for today's people, they just punctuate sentences with punctuation marks every day, urge them with schoolwork exercises, and ask them to strictly restrain themselves, but they don't know how to guide them with etiquette. I only know how to ask them to be smart, but I don't know how to cultivate their kindness. They only know how to whip and bind them, just like prisoners. Therefore, they regard the school as a prison and don't want to go. Regard teachers as robbers and enemies, don't want to see them, wait for an opportunity to escape and cover up to achieve their banter, and lie about conniving at their stubborn and despicable nature. As a result, they muddle along, vulgar and mean, and degenerate day by day. How can you drive them to do evil and ask them to do good? This is the original intention of my educational philosophy. I'm afraid the world will not observe me and think I'm pedantic. Besides, I'm leaving, so I give you a special word. Your teacher must observe my intention and always abide by it. Don't change and abandon my rules because of worldly remarks. Maybe you can achieve the effect of "being educated by others"! Remember, remember.
5. Classical Chinese ancient religion also explains from the historical records what the reason is that The Ancient Teacher is a work of the Warring States Period.
Learning really needs to be accumulated over time and step by step. This is a time process, so it is absolutely necessary to establish a set of systems and measures, such as curriculum, teaching methods, examination system and so on. We can see that these things have developed relatively completely in the pre-Qin era, which is also an achievement worthy of showing off in our ancient civilization.
But we find that when Confucianism talks about education, it never forgets the word "use" everywhere. It is hard to say whether "utility" is good or not in general, because "utility" (practicality) has different levels. For example, science and technology attach great importance to practicality, but our ancient education never seems to incorporate this content into the education and teaching system. Things at the object level are always despised by the ancients. To put it bluntly, the "utility" that Confucian education values is the ruling skill that can govern the country and the people. In their view, nothing that has nothing to do with rule is knowledge and learning, and there is no need to learn and teach.
In this way, the Confucian educational thought will be greatly reduced. In today's words, we can imagine that if we follow this line of thinking, all schools in the country should be political schools, and the goal of schools has become to train officials and politicians. A country is full of officials and politicians, which is a strange thing and probably a little scary.
In ancient times, teachers had schools at home and the Party had schools. State-owned enterprises with orderly technology are enrolled in the next year and take the middle-aged exam. One year counts as distinguishing classics, three years counts as respecting orchestras, five years counts as learning friends, and seven years counts as small achievements. I have known the class very well for nine years and stood firm and did not object. This is a great achievement. Husband is enough to change the customs, and those who are near will persuade him, and those who are far away will be pregnant. This is also the way of university. Remember: "moths can learn from it." That's what it means!
2. Home: This refers to "Lu", twenty-five homes and one lane, called Lu. Shu: A school in Lv Zhong.
(3) Party: 500 households are party. Xiang: A school in Suizhong.
(4) Shu (Sui): The same as Sui, 12,500 households are Sui. The school located in Suizhong.
(5) Country: Beijing. Study: University.
(6) Year by year: every year.
(7) Middle age: every other year.
(8) Reciting classics: breaking sentences into classics.
(9) Cheng Xiao: Small achievements.
(10) Dacheng: Great achievements.
(1 1) Say: Same as "Yue".
(12) Huai: yearning.
(13) Ji: a book of words and notes.
(14) moth (yǐ) offspring: small ants. Surgery: study.
(15) What do you mean? That's probably what it means. It: indicates speculation.
In ancient times, there were schools in China, schools in the Party and universities in Beijing. Freshmen enter school every year and have an exam every other year. In the first year of school, examine the ability to break sentences and identify ambitions; In the third year, check whether you concentrate on your studies and whether you are willing to learn from others; In the fifth year, check whether you love your teacher; In the seventh year, I will examine my views on learning and my choice of friends. If you pass the exam, it is called "Cheng Xiao". In the ninth year, knowledge is fluent, bypassing analogy. Being not confused and not violating the teacher's training is called "Dacheng". Only in this way can we educate people, change customs, convince people nearby and let people from far away join in. This is the truth of university education. The ancient book says, "Little ants often learn to hold piles of soil." That's probably what I should say
classics reading
Learning really needs to be accumulated over time and step by step. This is a time process, so it is absolutely necessary to establish a set of systems and measures, such as curriculum, teaching methods, examination system and so on. We can see that these things have developed relatively completely in the pre-Qin era, which is also an achievement worthy of showing off in our ancient civilization.
But we find that when Confucianism talks about education, it never forgets the word "use" everywhere. It is hard to say whether "utility" is good or not in general, because "utility" (practicality) has different levels. For example, science and technology attach great importance to practicality, but our ancient education never seems to incorporate this content into the education and teaching system. Things at the object level are always despised by the ancients. To put it bluntly, the "utility" that Confucian education values is the ruling skill that can govern the country and the people. In their view, nothing that has nothing to do with rule is knowledge and learning, and there is no need to learn and teach.
In this way, the Confucian educational thought will be greatly reduced. In today's words, we can imagine that if we follow this line of thinking, all schools in the country should be political schools, and the goal of schools has become to train officials and politicians. A country is full of officials and politicians, which is a strange thing and probably a little scary.