What is the concrete embodiment of Tao Yuanming's philosophical dilemma?

Tao Yuanming is not only an idyllic poet, but also a neo-naturalistic philosopher. His poems reveal his praise for nature everywhere. Life originates from nature and will eventually return to nature. Out of a deep understanding of life and nature, Tao Yuanming lived in seclusion in the countryside, cultivated his temperament with the breath of nature, and expressed the purity and beauty of nature with his own poems. In fact, we can clearly read Tao Yuanming's understanding of natural philosophy from his poems. The first important problem to be solved by natural philosophy is the relationship between man and nature, and the history of man and nature is the history of human development. Human beings have been dealing with nature since their birth. The relationship between man and nature in the early days may only come from the history of human conquest of nature. And with the passage of time and the progress of history. Humans must begin to rethink their relationship with nature.

Tao Yuanming is the spokesman of nature, and his natural philosophy is embodied in the pursuit of primitive life. Here, we can compare Tao Yuanming with other historical figures to prove his natural philosophy. This figure is Qin Shihuang. As the first emperor in the history of China, Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and established a civilized country. Since then, the Great Wall of Wan Li, known as one of the "Seven Wonders of the World", has been built. He is a great figure in the history of China and a transformation of natural life in Qin Shihuang's era. The transformation of Qin Shihuang's era is an anti-natural transformation and a great progress of human nature. Tao Yuanming's philosophy of nature is the progress of nature. These two constitute two parallel tracks of the development of human society.

The core of natural philosophy is "knowing white and keeping black". "Knowing white and keeping black" is a philosophical thinking about dialectics. "White" and "black", one represents light and the other represents darkness. And "knowing white and keeping black" is a ray of light in darkness and a ray of hope in despair. This is not only a philosophy about nature, but also a philosophy of existence. As can be seen from the name Tao Yuanming, "Yuan" is the endless darkness in real life. From the abyss, suffocating and suffocating, "Ming" is a ray of light in the abyss. Let people breathe hope in desperate moments. This is the core of Tao Yuanming's natural philosophy.

If Tao Yuanming's "knowing white and keeping black" is put into the culture of the whole world, it will be associated with the "embracing white and abandoning black" of western enlightenment thought. In the Western Enlightenment, we attacked old things and praised new things. This is an extreme "embracing white and abandoning black". And Tao Yuanming's "knowing white and keeping black" is wise and philosophical. It not only acknowledges the existence of "black" and "white", but also clearly expounds the cruelty of reality and the beauty of ideal. Therefore, "knowing white and keeping black" is more rational, realistic and reasonable than "embracing white and abandoning black".

Tao Yuanming's natural philosophy still shines unwise today after thousands of years. Modern people are faced with all kinds of puzzles everywhere in their lives. Today, with the expansion of fast food culture, our psychology is full of impetuous contradictions. In life, the phenomenon of attaching importance to appearance over heart, material over spirit, means over morality, development over reward, science over humanities, quantity over quality is very prominent. For example, some cities strive to build a "city that never sleeps" in order to improve their popularity. At night, neon lights emit a lot of heat and light, which not only wastes electric energy, but also causes ecological imbalance. This is a mistake against nature. Everything in the world should conform to nature. It is a natural law to work at sunrise and rest at sunset. If you live against the laws of nature, it is against natural philosophy.

Today, when people are confused, we should always be close to nature and release the snow in our hearts with the philosophy of nature. With the continuous progress of society, we also need to maintain a pure and indifferent philosophical view. Externally, in the "rural life" advocated by Tao Yuanming, we should always be close to the green soul of nature and get rid of the fatigue of fast-paced life for the time being. Internally, we should use the "natural philosophy" advocated by Tao Yuanming to keep the mind pure and open. Keep yearning for the ideal in reality and see bright hope in the dark.