Batavia on Yanmenguan Line
Tang Dynasty: Li He
Enemy soldiers rolled in like dark clouds in an attempt to tear down the city wall; Our army was ready, and the sun shone on the armor, glittering with gold.
In autumn, the loud bugle sounded; The soldier's blood became dark in the night.
The red flag rolled half, and the reinforcements rushed to Xiao; The night frost is heavy and the drums are gloomy.
Just to return the king, sword and death.
translate
Enemy soldiers rolled in like dark clouds, trying to destroy the city wall; Because our army is strict, the sun shines on the armor and the golden light flashes.
In autumn, the loud bugles shake the earth; At night, the soldiers' blood clots turned purple.
The red flag is half-rolled, and reinforcements rush to Xiao; The night is frosty and the drums are gloomy.
Just to repay the king's kindness, he held a sword and died.
To annotate ...
Wild goose gate satrap: the title of ancient Yuefu. Yanmen, county name. Guyanmen County, located in the northwest of Shanxi Province, is the junction of the Tang Dynasty and the northern Turkic tribes.
Dark clouds: This describes that the smoke and dust of the war are overwhelming and diffuse near the border town, and the atmosphere is very tense. Destruction: destruction. Jiaguang: refers to the flash of armor to the sun. Golden scales: It means like golden scales. This sentence describes the tense atmosphere and critical situation in Enemy at the Gates.
Armor light: the light emitted by armor against the sun. Armor refers to armor and battle clothes. Facing the sun: facing the sun. Another version says "Go to the Moon". Orientation: orientation, orientation. Golden scales: (Armor) Shines like golden scales. Gold: The color is like gold. Open: Open and expand.
Horn: A wind instrument in the ancient army, mostly made of animal horns, was also a horn in the ancient army.
Stuffed with fat to coagulate the night purple: fat swallowing, that is, rouge, means that the mud coagulates like rouge in the dusk. The night is purple, showing a deep purple in the twilight. Coagulation, coagulation. Yan Zhi and Purple at Night suggest the bloodiness on the battlefield.
Professor: Approaching, arriving, approaching. Yishui: the name of the river, a tributary of the upper reaches of the Daqing River, originated in Yixian County, Hebei Province, and flowed southeast into the Daqing River. Xiao is far from the fortress, so Jing Ke's story is used to express the tragic significance. During the Warring States Period, Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin, and Yan Taizi Dan and others sent him to Yishui. Jing Ke sang generously: "The wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong man is gone forever!" Sorry: it means the drum is low.
The frost is heavy and the drum is cold: the first frost is cold, and the drum is stuffy and silent. No sound: describe the low drum sound; Not loud. This sentence is written as "first frost can't afford to get cold."
Report: repayment. Huang Jintai: It is located in the southeast of Yixian County, Hebei Province. It is said that it was built in Yan Zhaowang during the Warring States Period. Warring States policy? "Yance" contains Yan Zhaowang's thirst for talents, building a high platform, releasing gold and recruiting talents from all over the world. Meaning: trust and reuse.
Yulong: the name of the sword. Jun: The king.
Creation background
There are two versions about the age of this poem. One theory is that this poem was written in the 9th year of Tang Xianzong Yuanhe (8 14). At that time, Tang Xianzong took Zhang Xu as our time, and led the troops to quell the Yanmen rebellion. Li He improvised poems to boost morale and made this song "Wild Goose Gate". To put it another way, according to Tang Zhanggu's Advocating Leisure, Li He showed Han Yu a volume of poetry, and Han Yu appreciated it after reading it. Yuan and two years (807).
Make an appreciative comment
Many of Li He's poems are difficult to understand, but this one has different interpretations, but there is no agreement. The understanding of poetry is also very different.
After this short poem, it is said that the enemy Xiao is not afraid of danger and will die with his sword? Its theme is really related to fighting. However, the first four sentences mainly focus on scenery, except for "flowers in flowers" and "the sound of horns", which indicate that there are soldiers here, and they do not clearly describe the siege and breakthrough. Therefore, the differences in interpretation are mostly due to the different experiences of "suggestion". Although the implication is beyond the words, it still comes from words. A poem accumulates words into sentences, and sentences into articles, becoming an internally related whole. The first four sentences of this poem are quite difficult to understand, but the last four sentences are quite clear. Explain the last four sentences clearly, and then look back at the first four sentences, the meaning of the whole article is not difficult to understand.
Look at the last four sentences first. "Half-rolled red flag near Yishui" implies that there was a marching process before "near Yishui". "Half-rolled red flag" is a feature of marching in order to reduce resistance, such as "half-rolled red flag going out of Yuanmen". The word "pro" also shows the momentum of marching. So, did you meet the enemy after Lin Yishui? If so, what is the strength comparison? Who is the situation in favor of? All this is not described positively in the last three sentences, but the implication is clear: First, "facing yi river" means that progress is blocked, which reminds people of "Song of yi river": "The wind blows and the water cools, and the strong man is gone forever." Second, drumming is marching, but "heavy frost and cold drums" imply the seriousness of the war situation through unfavorable natural conditions. Third, at the end of the two sentences, it is self-evident that the Lord will go into battle with his sword and swear to repay his debt with death, then the enemy is now.
The first sentence is marked "black" on the "cloud", and the atmosphere is already very heavy. And this "dark cloud" has "crushed the city" and even "the city is going to be destroyed", which is obviously symbolic. The word "black" on the "cloud" is naturally not used to symbolize our army but the enemy. The enemy's siege is so fierce that our army has only deus ex's chance. "A bright light shines on the sun" is in sharp contrast with the previous sentence in color and form. It obviously contains joy and praise, of course, referring to our army. At first, the city was surrounded by dark clouds, and then the dark clouds collapsed and the sun was shining. The shining armor of our soldiers is like golden scales in the sun, dazzling. In other words, we fought our way out and defeated the enemy.
One or two sentences about siege and breakthrough constitute a unit of meaning. The following eight sentences are written to pursue the victory until the enemy reaches Xiao, which is the meaning of another unit. Horn, an ancient military instrument. "Northern history? There is a record of "blowing the horn and withdrawing troops" in the biography of Jiande Wang Yanzong. Looking at the context, the phrase "the horn is full of autumn colors" is based on virtual realism. Show the magnificent scene of the enemy retreating and chasing in the reader's imagination. The word "night" in "blocking rouge and setting night purple" takes care of the word "day" in the first sentence, indicating that the breakthrough has been long, and the two sides are fighting each other. " Rouge ",quoted from the old explanation in Notes on Ancient and Modern Times," Qin built the Great Wall, and its soil color is purple, so it is called Zisai ",which is generally good. Closely following the "horn sound" and "autumn color" to describe the red and purple of the earth, people can't help but want to see the bloodiness of the war; Adding a word "coagulation" before "purple" further strengthens this association.
From "day" to "night" or even "frost" in the middle of the night, the pursuers had already arrived in Yishui, and the enemy naturally arrived in Yishui first. The pursuers followed, and if the enemy wants to cross the water, it may be that the whole army will re-serve, so it can only be the last fight. At the thought of Han Xin's backwater array, I knew how severe the situation facing the pursuer was! It is a reflection of this grim situation that the drum can't afford to fight, and the Lord swears to death. As for the result of a quick victory, let readers imagine it. Poets use special artistic techniques to express their unique artistic imagination, or use symbols, hints, or contrasts, or use virtual reality, sound visualization, and exchange parts for the whole, leaving readers with too broad imagination space, so readers' understanding varies from person to person.
The outstanding features of Li He's poems are novel images, bright colors, novel shapes and rich imagination. In Yanmen, these characteristics have been fully and fully reflected. Take the last two sentences as an example to see how he pays attention to color setting and modeling. These two sentences say that the monarch will repay his kindness and he will fight to the death, but there is no conceptual language. The external image and internal activities of the monarch are highlighted through modeling and coloring. During the Warring States Period, Yan Zhaowang once built a platform to attract talents, because it was called "Huang Jintai". Jade Dragon was used as a sword in the Tang Dynasty. Gold and white jade are cherished by the world because of their texture and color. "Dragon" is a noble animal in ancient legends, and "Huang Jintai" is a symbol of longing for talents. The poet chose the shapes of "Jade Dragon" and "Huang Jintai", and wrote the poem "The Golden Platform repays the emperor's wishes and asks Jade Dragon to die for him", and the image of an energetic Lord came into view. His lofty spirit of not dying for his country and the virtue of the monarch attaching great importance to talents give readers a strong and beautiful feeling.