[saint]
"Poetry expresses aspiration" is an accepted view in China's poetry theory. Zhuangzi has: "Poetry takes Zhi Tao as the body"; Xunzi has: "Poetry is his ambition"; "Preface to Mao Poetry" has a more specific exposition: "Poets have aspirations, aspirations in their hearts, and words are poems. Feelings move in the middle and form in words. If you don't have enough words, you will sigh. If you don't have enough words, you will sing forever ... "
1.mei
Throughout the ages, most of the poems and songs about flowers have the theme of plum, or praise its charm, or praise its clear spirit, or praise its elegance, or praise its modesty and integrity.
All fragrant flowers shake off their unique beauty and occupy all the amorous feelings of the small garden.
"Mottled shadows hang obliquely on the clear shallow water, and their fragrance spreads peacefully in the moonlight dusk."
Frost bird wants to get a sneak peek, and the powder is like knowing each other.
Fortunately, there is a badge to sing, and you don't need a golden urn of sandalwood.
Poets Lin Bu, Zi Hejing (Song) are not famous in the field of poetry, but his poems are unparalleled in ancient and modern times. Lin Bu's Poems of Yongmei is called the masterpiece of Yongmei's poems because of his life experience. Lin Bu is "a beautiful wife and a crane, a natural and unrestrained life". It is said that after his death, the crane wailed around his grave for three days and nights, and Merlin reopened it for the second time.
Lu You's Yongmei: "The bridge is broken outside the post, and it is lonely to open the door. Twilight arrival, plum blossom is helpless, exhausted, and has to withstand the wind and rain. I have no intention of striving for spring, and a group of people are jealous, smashed into mud and crushed into ashes. Only the fragrance is the same. "
The plum blossom here, lonely at the broken bridge, has no intention of fighting for spring, but has already fought for spring. Plum blossoms in the forest are Lu You's use of plum blossoms to "turn feelings into scenery".
2. orchids
Orchid is one of the top ten famous flowers in China and has a long cultivation history.
"Nobody knows Lansheng Valley, but I am a guest of Dong Xuan. Knowing that pure fragrance can relieve filth, I feel more delicate leaves and smart cream. " This is Su Zhe's famous orchid poem in Song Dynasty. Orchids never wither in the cold, and their fragrance is noble and elegant, overflowing with delicate fragrance, and they have won almost overwhelming praise: "fragrant ancestor", "king's fragrance", "beauty in an empty valley" and "gentleman in flowers".
In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Yu's "Lan Shi" said: "If it can be white and yellow, no one will be fragrant. A small heart can hold a lot of incense. " It praised the characteristics of orchids.
3. Bamboo
Bamboo has won people's love and praise for its unique charm of being tall and straight, green, swaying, fragrant and lingering. It is modest, honest, upright and enterprising, so that people rank it as "three friends of the old cold" with Songmei and "four gentlemen in flowers" with Mei, Lan and Ju, which really makes sense.
Bai Juyi's poem on bamboo: "Don't cut it into a phoenix tube, don't cut it into a fishing rod. After a hundred flowers and a hundred herbs wither, stay in the snow and watch ",which shows the character of bamboo that is indifferent, lofty, open-minded and firm, and Lingyun works hard. "
Wen Tong (Zi Yu Ke) in the Northern Song Dynasty took bamboo appreciation as his hobby and painting as his habit, which pushed the art of painting bamboo to an unprecedented peak and was regarded as the originator of ink bamboo by later generations. Su Dongpo, Wentong's cousin, is more fascinated by bamboo. He once wrote a famous poem about chanting bamboo: "You can't live without meat. No meat makes people thin, no bamboo makes people vulgar. People are thin and fat, but people are vulgar and hopeless. Others laugh at this remark, but they seem to be tall or silly, which fully expresses the interest and mentality of China people who love bamboo.
4. Chrysanthemum
"In autumn, chrysanthemums bloom with yellow flowers". First frost blossoms, only chrysanthemums and Ao Shuang bloom, competing for wheatgrass, reclining, reclining, reclining or reclining; Autumn, like singing, dancing, laughing and talking, is full of vitality, better than spring, and gives people the power to enjoy beauty and progress. Therefore, scholars of all ages are willing to express their feelings with chrysanthemums.
Among the poems of the ancients chanting chrysanthemums, two poems by Huang Chao, the leader of the peasant uprising army in the late Tang Dynasty, are the most famous: "The rustling west wind is planted all over the courtyard, and butterflies are hard to come. If I am Di Qing next year, I will report peach blossoms. " "Until September 8th in autumn, I will kill all the flowers after they bloom. Tianxiang permeates Chang 'an, and the city is full of golden flowers. "It's really an omnipotent group, swallowing mountains and rivers' heroism and changing the world and reversing Gankun's political ambitions.
Since the Han Dynasty, people have been eating inulin and drinking inulin wine with relatives and friends or family on the Double Ninth Festival in September, which is a kind of enjoyment. In Song Dynasty, Sima Guang described the benefits of drinking chrysanthemum in his poem "Eat Chrysanthemum Soup at Night". There is a aftertaste, more fragrant than Qiu Lan. The gods are heroic and hairy ... Haoran raises the desert and prolongs life. "