Lv Benzhong
The hibiscus flowers on the south bank of Xiaochi are red before frost after rain.
It is better than a silent old peach and plum, and it blooms like the east wind all its life.
It is clearly pointed out in the poem that the object of praise is Mufurong on the south bank of Xiaochi. Borrowing the meaning of "south" is the river and mountain after Jinbing crossed south. Hibiscus has become a symbol of the world and patriots. The second sentence in the poem points out that hibiscus blooms in the autumn when severe frost strikes, and its bright colors show its spirit of not being afraid of rape. In the second half of the poem, the poet compares "speechless" and "letting the spring breeze blossom and fall all his life" to the cowardice and weakness of peaches and plums, who are at the mercy of the spring breeze and have no words, and uses Song Gaozong and Qin Gui and the generals who are obedient to the Jurchen nobles and have no backbone and courage to set off the "red" heroism of Mu Furong after frost. Comparing these two kinds of flowers to the representatives of two different opposites has profound significance.
Cotton rose, also known as "frost resistance", blooms in late autumn. This poem seems to be a simple stroke, but it shows Lv Benzhong's personality value. The short 28 words can be said to contain infinite meaning, which is in line with the requirements of Song people for the "meaning" of poetry.
The first sentence "Mu Furong on the south bank of Xiaochi" expresses Mu Furong's loneliness and clearly points out that the object of praise is Mu Furong on the south bank of Xiaochi. Taking the word "South" as the symbol of the nomadic people crossing the rivers and mountains south, Mu Furong became the symbol of patriots. There is a tree at the bottom of the pond, which has a feeling of steep independence and wants to see the poet's ambition and expectation. According to historical records, Lv Benzhong lived in Shaoxing, Song Gaozong for seven years (1 137) and wrote a book about the plan to restore the Central Plains, which was not adopted. Later, he angered Qin Gui and was forced to promote the concept of peace. Since then, I have lived at home, engaged in books and lectures, and served Buddha in my later years. Literature is the reflection of the times and the author's inner sustenance. Lu Benzhong used this poem to express his life choice.
The second sentence, "Red before frost after rain", uses anthropomorphic techniques to write hibiscus flowers to open in the autumn when severe frost strikes, and its bright colors show its spirit of not being afraid of violence. This sentence is translated into "The Analects of Confucius Taibo": "Cold will know the decline of pines and cypresses." "Pine and cypress" is the personality model of China literati's firm mind; Chrysanthemum symbolizes seclusion and nobility. Song people often call hibiscus and chrysanthemum. Yan Shu: "A few branches of Jin Ju have great feelings for Furong." Ouyang Xiu: "Jin Furong is fragrant with chrysanthemums, and the weather wants to double ninth." Zhang Lei: "What is the loneliness of an empty mountain? Late chrysanthemum hibiscus is relatively secluded. " Chrysanthemum takes Yuanming as its confidant, and hibiscus, like chrysanthemum, becomes a symbol of seclusion and nobility. When the whole Central Plains fell, the principle of monarch and minister did nothing, and the Jin people regarded it as a false enemy, which was no different from the voice of Lv Benzhong's defense.
The third and fourth sentences are the intention of the whole poem. "It's better than the silent old peaches and plums, which bloom and fall in the east wind all their lives", which means that hibiscus is much better than those complicated and vulgar peaches and plums, because it doesn't come and go with the spring breeze, and flowers bloom and fall again. Ouyang Jiong said: This poem is full of three or four sentences. Peaches and plums come and go with the wind, flowers bloom and fall, people trip over, hibiscus stands proudly in the autumn wind, and the frost is getting stronger. Why do they look like peaches and plums? Ouyang Jiong thinks that Mufurong is "stronger in first frost". If people imitate Mufurong and Taoli, Mufurong's personality is really different from Taoli's. As soon as Lu Benzhong turned his pen, he thought of the colorful land where spring came. Under the spring breeze, peaches and plums bloom and flowers fall all over the ground, not to mention the frost after the rain. If the poet has a metaphor, then the rain is the tears of low tide in life, the frost is the suffering of life, and the east wind is the favor of the emperor. In the low tide and suffering of life, I can still try my best to show my elegance. Without depression and retreat, without east wind (grace), my life is still bright. Who said that you must be attached to the rich and powerful in officialdom? The poet compared the words "speechless" and "let the east wind blow all his life" to the cowardice and weakness of peaches and plums at the mercy of the spring breeze, and set off the heroism of Mu Furong before the frost with Song Gaozong, Qin Gui and the Lord who obeyed the Jurchen nobles and had no backbone and courage. Comparing these two kinds of flowers to the representatives of two different opposites has profound significance.
Okra in front of the window
Hard and lonely flowers break the slight cold, and the flower heart should be as sad as a guest.
What's more, I got ④ by being with young girls, and I didn't watch ⑤ by worrying about red and complaining about green.
Annotation of works
Hibiscus hibiscus: woody plant, hibiscus for short, with colorful flowers in autumn, which are very gorgeous. Because it is easy to mix with lotus, it is also called Manglietia. There is also an alias, frost resistance.
② Hardness: Describe the loneliness, coldness and hardship of flowering. Slight cold: The weather is slightly cold, and Mufurong blooms in August and September, so the "slight cold" here does not mean the slight cold of solar terms.
Customer: People who are away from home. The author once claimed to be.
4 more dependent: even if it is. Girl in green: Frost God. Stay: linger.
⑤ Worrying about red and complaining about green: the appearance of mosaic. [ 1]
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Brief analysis of works
This is the work of Shi Hu, a layman in his early years, expressing his strong will never to bow to fate through flowers, although he was adrift and untimely.
The first two sentences of this poem mean: lonely and sad hibiscus, braving the chill of early autumn, has opened up, and the heart of the flower is as sad as the author's own. The word "hard work" comes from Huang Tingjian's poem "Sending Cao Zifang to Fujian Road Transportation Judge and Briefing Transportation Envoy Zhang Zhongqi": "Yi Shan Guan Mei broke the slight cold". Even if the frost can't stay, hibiscus flowers won't fade as easily as those delicate flowers in spring. In the poem, things and feelings are well combined and integrated without leaving any trace. This poem is the representative work of the author's poems about objects. [1] Detailed explanation in the poem: "Hard solitary flowers break the slight cold" uses anthropomorphic techniques to write hibiscus, braving the slight cold in autumn and striving for openness. "Efforts" pointed out the bad environment. "Lonely Flowers" is about other flowers withering, and only the hibiscus is still strong and open. As stated in the book "Pine and cypress wither when cold", the character of Mufurong, which can produce beautiful flowers in harsh environment, is so indomitable. "Flower heart should be like a guest's sorrow" is also a personification technique. It is difficult to point out that flowers and people should have the same mood. In fact, the poets here compare themselves to hibiscus mutabilis and point out that they are in a relatively difficult environment. "It's better to be with the girl in green." The girl in green is the legendary goddess in charge of frost and snow. The young woman's wandering means that the frost and snow continue to wreak havoc. I am not afraid of frost and snow. As Haiyan said, "Let the storm come more violently." "Worrying about red and complaining about green" in "Don't look at red and complaining about green" refers to those withered flowers. The whole sentence means that hibiscus mutabilis will not be hurt by frost and snow like ordinary flowers When frost and snow come, it will be destroyed. But hibiscus mutabilis can produce beautiful flowers in frost and snow.