Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (written by roald dahl at 1964) has been adapted into a film for many times. It tells the story of a little boy, Charlie, who had the opportunity to visit the magical chocolate factory next door to Mr Wicca. After the success of this book, the author created a sequel "Charlie and the Big Glass Elevator". Other famous fairy tales of Dahl include James and the Great Xiantao, The Magical Mr. Fox, The Witch and Matilda.
The Education of Love written by Amicus 1886.
Burroughs wrote Tarzan the Ape.
1906 Selma Lagrov's Goose Riding Adventures.
1908 by Kenneth Gram? The wind in the willows.
Anne of the Green Gables written by Montgomery at 1908.
1937 The Hobbit written by J R R Tolkien.
The Little Prince written by Anthony de Saint-Exupery 1943.
Pinocchio written by carlo collodi 188 1.
The Happy Prince written by Oscar Wilde 1888.
1835 The King's New Clothes written by Andersen.
Snow White written by Brothers Grimm 18 12.
1922 Scarecrow written by Ye Shengtao.
1979 endless stories written by Mike Andy.
In 2007, Joan Catherine Rowling wrote The Story of the Bard Pito.
In 2007, there was the Cat Warrior series written by Allen Kate.
[Editor] A series of world-famous children's literature stories
Mark Twain-Tom's Adventure and the Wandering of the urchin
Andersen-Andersen fairy tales
Joan Catherine Rowling-Harry Potter: The creation started at 1997 and ended in 2007, with one * * * seven episodes.
Lu, and translated The Legend of Narnia (and translated The Legend of Narnia).
Martin Ebbertz
Lyman frank baum-The Wizard of Oz
Louisa alcott-Little Woman
Aesop-Aesop fable
Brothers grimm-grimm's fairy tales
Zheng-Shuke and Beita's adventure stories, Pipiru series, Lu Xixi series, etc.
Sun Youjun-The Adventures of Little Cloth Head
Barry Peter Pan
Sang Bei/Gusini-Naughty Nikolai
Janas Little Tiger and the bear.
Hemingway-The Old Man and the Sea
Yang-Naughty Ma Xiaotiao is in the brilliant literary galaxy of China. As a bright star, children's literature germinated in the "children's literature activity" in the late Qing Dynasty, and consciously stood out from the "children's literature movement" in the May 4th period in the early 20th century. Now it has a history of one hundred years.
One hundred years ago, at the turn of the 20th century in 19, it was an important period for China's history to transition from ancient times to modern times, and it was also an indispensable transition period for China's children's literature to move from an ancient "spontaneous natural state" to a modern "conscious literary era". From the Opium War in 1840 to the May 4th New Culture Movement in19/9, a group of "advanced China people", such as Yan Fu, Huang Zunxian, Liang Qichao, Zhou Shuren, Zhou Zuoren, Chen Duxiu and Hu Shi, used Darwin's theory of evolution as the cultural enlightenment weapon of China at that time. The former's life should be sacrificed for his "youth-oriented" thought, and the rebel is directed at China's eternal old morality-"father for children" and "old people-oriented" thought, which made a particularly important ideological preparation for the birth of China's children's literature from the perspective of children. This "baby-oriented" evolutionary thought merged with the spirit of "human literature" in the May 4th New Culture Movement, and China children's literature was born.
1897, Yan Fu's "Evolution Theory" was published, which revealed the evolution law of "natural selection, survival of the fittest" and sounded the alarm for China people not to strengthen themselves or die; But it also gave people hope for future generations and had a great influence on the ideological circles at that time. The so-called "since the book of Yan, natural selection should be popular, and China folk customs have changed." 190 1 year, Liang Qichao serialized Rousseau's study case in Qing Yi Bao, and introduced Rousseau's theory of civil contract in detail, advocating "sovereignty belongs to the people" and "everyone is equal", telling people that all human rights are born equal, and even father and son have no right to deprive them. 1903 said that "the other son is also a human being." In this world-famous classic, for the first time, there appeared a word worthy of writing in big letters: "respect children!" " And declared: "Children are not a specific and tiny adult", "Children are very different from adults psychologically and physically". The spread of these new theories shows a new trend in China's ideological circle, that is, the beginning of the so-called "discovery of children".
Although the dawn of new human civilization-children has been seen in the theory of evolution and civil rights, China's "discovery of children" has to go through a preparation period of about 20 years, which is about a century later than that of the West, but it is closely related to a great educator in the West. Dewey, an American pragmatic educator, came to China to give lectures three days before the May 4th Movement to publicize his view on modern children. During the May 4th Movement, almost all people interested in children and children's literature in China accepted Dewey's viewpoint, and several giants who laid the foundation for children's literature in China-Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Zheng Zhenduo and Ye Shengtao were no exception. The advanced concept of children combined with the "human discovery" of the May 4th New Culture Movement gave birth to China children's literature with modern significance. Therefore, 19 19 is not only a year of special significance in the history of China, but also an epoch-making year in the history of China literature. The May 4th literary revolution not only opened modern literature in China, but also was the cradle of children's literature in China. As Ye Shengtao, the pioneer of modern children's literature in China, said, "Children should be counted first." Zhou Zuoren, one of the leaders of the New Culture Movement, also clearly pointed out: "There is only one human being, but there are three kinds of men, women and children in it; They are all one race, but men are men, women are women, and children are children. They are still physically and mentally different and cannot be unified. " Therefore, Lu Xun appealed: "The world of children is completely different from that of adults. If you don't understand it first and do it blindly, it will seriously affect your child's development. All facilities should be for children. " Great changes have taken place in the status of children, which is a great event in the cultural history of China. "Encyclopedia Britannica Children's Literature" wrote: "Once children are regarded as independent people, a literature suitable for them emerges as the times require." Therefore, at the beginning of the 20th century, China's children's literature began to develop. Not only did Zhou Zuoren advocate children's literature in theory, but there was also a tendency to advocate children's literature in reading materials (Hu Shi: Mandarin Movement and Literature). Wei Shouyong and Zhou described such a scene in "Introduction to Children's Literature": Children's literature became the most fashionable, freshest and cheerful new thing in the education, literature and publishing circles at that time-"Teachers teach and teach children's literature"; Children read books and children's literature. Learning children's literature, giving lectures on children's literature and editing children's literature are amazing and gratifying. Therefore, Mao Dun later recalled: "The name of children's literature began in the May 4th era. "
To sum up, people first discovered the important position and special significance of children as "natural persons" in the course of human evolution from Darwin's theory of evolution, and then found that children as "social persons" had the same independent personality and spirit as adults in the modern bourgeois theory of civil rights, and then accepted the new educational idea of "children-centered" in the spread of modern children's educational ideas, and discovered "spirit" in the devastating May 4th literary revolution. The fusion of the four perspectives shows that children's literature came into being in the May 4th period, which is the inevitable result of social history. There is a basic evaluation of the development of children's literature in China in the past century, that is, it has a high starting point but tortuous development, strong dependence but unlimited potential and outstanding achievements, but it still lags behind the overall development level of children's literature in the world. The development of children's literature in the new century is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. The historical experience and lessons of the past 100 years can be used for reference today, reminding people to make use of the situation, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, create conditions, keep pace with the times, and create a better development environment for children's literature in the new century. Looking at the development of children's literature in China in the past hundred years, we can find that children's literature is prosperous when the country is rich and the people are strong, and the relationship between children's literature and politics (government) is very close, and small literature reflects the world. It is generally believed that there were four "golden ages" in the development of children's literature in China in the past century. One is the May 4th Children's Literature Movement in the early 20th century, in which Ye Shengtao became the pioneer and pioneer of modern children's literature in China. Focus on 1920 to1925; Second, the practice of children's literature in New China in 1950s was concentrated in the decade from 1950 to 1960; Third, the revival of children's literature in the early 1980s in the new era, focusing on 1978 to1985; Fourthly, since the mid-1990s, it has concentrated on the "three great works" such as Children's Literature published by Comrade Jiang Zemin from 65438 to 0996. These four periods are all historical periods of clear political situation, relatively stable country and vigorous economic development in China. Especially after 1949, every step of the development of children's literature, whether it is progress, stagnation or temporary repetition, is closely related to political climate, literature and art policy and children's literature policy. The development of children's literature especially needs the promotion of forces other than literature, which is also a manifestation of the immature development of children's literature itself.
In China, the promotion of children's literature has always been linked with children's education. Most people engaged in children's literature are children's educators, and the subject of children's literature belongs to normal education. It can be said that children's education is the root of China's children's literature, the blood flowing in China's children's literature for a hundred years, and the foundation for the future development of China's children's literature. This is determined by China's national conditions, at least it is a literary stage that adapts to the primary stage of social development today. The development of children's literature should also have its stages, a stage from low to high, and a gradual development process. Some stages and processes cannot be skipped, just as some people want to completely deny the educational nature of Chinese children's literature. In a big country with 400 million children, three-quarters of them are in rural areas, and a considerable number of children can't fully guarantee their rights to food and clothing and compulsory education. It may be very irresponsible and dangerous to exclude education by entertainment. Children's literature should be a paradise for children's minds, but children's literature should not only be a pastime for children with leisure and wealth, nor should it become a crash tool for authors and publishers to pursue fame and fortune. It can be considered that children's literature has many attributes, but it cannot be used to deny the educational attribute of children's literature. Of course, the understanding of the word "education" here should be diversified and broad.
It is worth noting that China has been a big country for children since ancient times, and naturally it is also a big country for children's education, but it is not a big country for children's literature. There are four reasons: first, the literary value of children's literature in the process of children's sound growth has not been widely recognized and valued by society, and the social concept of children's literature is still relatively backward; Second, children's literature is still regarded as an effective auxiliary means of children's education to a large extent, and the understanding of the value of children's literature for children's growth is too narrow. However, neither of them gives children's literature an independent literary status in essence. Both children's view and literature view determine the special fate of China's children's literature. Third, the discipline construction of children's literature is seriously lagging behind, and a complete discipline system of children's literature with modern characteristics has not really been formed. The theoretical research on discipline construction is still weak, and the academic environment for developing children's literary criticism is not satisfactory. Fourth, the conditions for the independent development of children's literature are not yet mature. Children's literature is restricted by many factors such as politics, economy and cultural environment, and the writers are still in an unstable development period. Some people use "three more and one less" to describe the present situation of children's literature creation and publication in China: there are many publishers, many writers and many works, that is, there are very few fine works that can stand the test of readers and time. The serious imbalance between quality and quantity leads to many works read at present, few works with lasting charm, and the works of famous writers are decreasing day by day, which is not commensurate with the growing reading needs of nearly 400 million children. How many of these very limited works are for nearly 300 million rural children? There are very few works that can go global. Not only that, writers of children's literature are still divided, and readers of children's literature are also losing. The competition between film and television culture and network culture for children readers is becoming more and more fierce. Coupled with the impact of the economic environment and foreign culture after China's entry into WTO, it is difficult to publish original works, new writers are struggling, and foreign fantasy works are popular. Perhaps, these just show that the development of children's literature in China is far from enough, both at home and abroad, and there is still great potential for development. People who are interested in children's literature need to continue to work hard, and more children's literature lovers and martyrs need to shout and silently contribute to it.
China's children's literature has gone through a "glorious thorny road" in the past century (in Andersen's words). Every children's writer is an unremarkable "small orange lamp" that illuminates this thorny road, but together, many small orange lamps are "spiritual fires" in the process of human civilization, indicating the future and hope of mankind. Looking back on the development of children's literature in China in the past hundred years, we can proudly say that children writers in China keep pace with the times, share the joys and sorrows with the motherland, the people and the children, and write immortal glorious chapters, making indelible contributions to the individual development of children and the progress of social civilization. Entering the new century, children's literature workers feel that there is a long way to go and time waits for no one. They must overcome difficulties, redouble their efforts, keep pace with the times, and devote themselves to the brightest and brightest sunrise cause of mankind-sacred children's literature today! The development of children's literature in China in the past century can be divided into two eras and six stages, namely, 1949, which belong to two different times of children's literature in modern times, as well as children's literature activities in the late Qing Dynasty, the May 4th children's literature movement, the war children's literature in the 1920s and 40s, the new children's literature movement in the 1950s and 1960s, the barren period of children's literature in the 1960s and 1970s, and children's literature.
First, children's literature activities in the late Qing Dynasty-embryonic stage
It took about 20 years from the publication of Children's Monthly on 1875 to the publication of New Youth on 19 15. Among children's poems, there are school songs advocated and practiced by Liang Qichao and Huang Zunxian. Children's novels were initiated by Liang Qichao and Xu Nianci and translated by Bao. In fairy tales, there are Sun's compilation and Zhou Zuoren's research. In theory, Liang Qichao, Xu Nianci, Zhou Zuoren, Zhou Shuren and others all advocated and advocated strongly. Some newspapers and periodicals with children as the main readers have been published, as follows:
Children's monthly report (1875)
Journal of Mongolia (1897)
Fable (190 1)
Boys' World (1903)
Youth Daily (1907)
Mongolian Pictorial (1908)
Primary series (1908)
Children's Educational Painting (1909)
Fairy Tales Series (1909)
Youth magazine (19 1 1)
Boy Scouts of China (19 14)
Children's Pictorial (19 14), etc.
Second, the May 4th Children's Literature Movement-the period of consciousness
It took about 10 years from the publication of Youth Magazine in19 to the publication of Ye Shengtao's collection of fairy tales Scarecrow in 1923. The main literary phenomenon is the advocacy of children's literature by Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Hu Shi, Zhao and Guo Moruo. Mao Dun, Zheng Zhenduo, Ye Shengtao, Yu Pingbo, Bing Xin and other members of the "Literature Research Association" launched a colorful "Children's Literature Movement". The important newspapers or children's literature gardens created are as follows:
Children's world (192 1)
Children's Literature (192 1)
Children (1922)
Children's Literature (1923)
Morning Post Supplement Children's World (1923)
The important work is as follows:
Ye Shengtao's Scarecrow (Fairy Tale)
Bing Xin's To Young Readers (Prose)
Angel of the Vineyard (Musical)
The theoretical work is as follows:
Zhou Zuoren: children's literature (1920) and children's books (1923).
Hu Shi: Mandarin Movement and Literature (192 1)
Yan: An Introduction to Children's Literature (1920)
Guo Moruo: On Children's Literature (1922)
Wei Shouyong Zhou: An Introduction to Children's Literature (1924)
Ling Bing: Introduction to Pediatrics (1924), etc.
Third, the war children's literature-the first stage of development
It took about 25 years from 1923 of the Herald's Resolution on Productive Organization Movement for Children to 1948 of Little Hero in Rain. The main writers are: Ye Shengtao, Zhang Tianyi, Chen Bochui, He Yi, Zhong Qiu, Su Su, Jin Yong, Guo Moruo, Shen Congwen, Ba Jin, Lao She, Bing Xin, Feng Zikai, Buffon, Guo Feng, Tao Xingzhi, Yan Wenjing, Gao Shiqi, Dong Chuncai, Mao Dun, Hua Guan, Huashan, Zhang Leping and Huang Guliu.
The important work is as follows:
Alice China's Travel Notes (1928)
Xiaopo's birthday (1929)
Children Sineitai (1929)
Stone Statues of Ancient Heroes (193 1)
Miss Alice (193 1)
Dalin and Kobayashi (1932)
Biography of your son (1936)
Strange place (1936)
Wild children (1939)
Nannan and Uncle Beard (194 1)
Puppet Show (1945)
Jimaoxin (1945)
Red face shell (1946)
San Mao's Wandering Story (1947)
Shrimp ball pass (1947)
The Legend of Butterflies (1948)
Xiao Jieyu (1948)
The main theoretical work is as follows:
Chu Dongxiao: A Study of Children's Songs in China (1927)
Mao Dun: On Children's Literature (1935)
Zheng Zhenduo: Analysis of Children's Books in China (1936).
Xu Xingzhi: On Children's Drama during the Anti-Japanese War (1938)
Chen Bochui: Editing and Supply of Children's Literature (1947).
Zhao: Fairy Tale Review (1924), Fairy Tale Essay (1927).
Zhang Shengyu: Research on Children's Literature (1928)
Zhou Zuoren: On Children's Literature (1932)
Chen Bochui: A Study of Children's Stories (1932)
Wang Ren Road: A Study of Children's Books (1933),
Zhong Qiu, Jin Jin, He Yi: Research on Children's Books (1948), etc.
Fourth, the new children's literature movement-the second stage of development.
It took about 17 years from 1949 when the first national congress of writers and artists was held to 1966 when children's publishing house and China children's publishing house stopped publishing. It was also called 17 years before the Cultural Revolution. Important writers include Bing Xin, Zhang Tianyi, Gao Shiqi, Qin Zhaoyang, Yan Wenjing, Yuan Ying, Chen Bochui, He Yi, Ge, Jin Jin, Ren Dalin, Xu Guangyao, Liu Ruomin, Ke Yan, Ren Rongrong, Sun Youjun, Bao Lei, Hong Yuntao, Liu Houming, Tong Enzheng and Luke.
The important work is as follows:
The Flying of Swallows in Wan Li (1950)
Our mother soil (195 1)
Expose the secrets of lilliput (195 1)
Luo's story (1952)
Me and Xiao Rong (1953)
Children by the sea (1954)
Golden conch (1955)
Wild grape (1956)
The Story of "Little Soldier" (1956)
A good horse (1956)
The Secret of Treasure Gourd (1957)
"Next sailing port" (1957)
Pigs and pigs eat watermelon (1958)
Childhood friends (1958)
Song of the brook (1959)
Small orange lamp (1960)
Tadpole looking for mother (1960)
The Adventures of Little Cloth Head (196 1)
Qi Fei Goose (1962)
Private Zhang Ga (1962), etc.
Important theoretical works are as follows:
Chen Bochui: On Children's Literature (1957)
Jiang Feng: China's Speech on Children's Literature (1959)
He Yi: On Children's Literature (1960)
Mao Dun: A Random Talk on Children's Literature in 60 Years (196 1)
192 1- 1937 selected works of children's literature,191-1960 index of children's literature papers,19/kloc-.
The barren period of children's literature-the third stage of development
From the closure of two children's publishing houses in Shanghai and Beijing to the recovery of children's literature and youth literature in Beijing and Shanghai in 1977, it took about 10 years, that is, the decade of the Cultural Revolution. Important writers include Li Xintian, Hao Ran, Xu Ying, Yang Xiao and Gao Shiqi.
The important work is as follows:
Sparkling red star (1972)
Seedling collection, the story of Xiangyang Garden, red rain, March of life (both 1973), etc.
Important literary theories are as follows:
Lin Jinran: Grasping the Pulse of the Times (1973)
Yao Qingxin: Deliberate Re-creation, Happy New Harvest (1974)
Xie Zuo, Dian Lie: "Praise the little hero and express the big theme" (1975), etc.
Six, children's literature in the new period-four stages of development
1977 has been published for about 25 years, and a number of children's literature publications have been reprinted. Important writers are:, Ge, Zheng, Ye Yonglie, Jin Bo, Fan Fajia, Gao Hongbo,,, Ren Rongrong, Yin Shilin, Zhang Qiusheng, Xue Xianrong, Cao Wenxuan, Qin Wenjun, Zhang Zhilu, Mei Zihan, Shen Shixi, Wu Ran, Chen Danyan, Huang Beijia and Jin.
The important work is as follows:
Xiao Boyang wants to take over (1977)
Window of Magic (1978)
Dead light on coral island (1978)
Fly to Sagittarius (1979)
Birds in the Woods (1979)
Future roaming of PHS (1979)
Walking in the sea of clouds (1980)
Three monks (198 1)
Puppy house (198 1)
Soong Ching Ling and Children (1982)
Sheriff Black Cat (1982)
Camel treasure hunt (1982)
Wings of God (1984)
The seventh hunting dog (1985)
Trajectory of Thousand Birds Valley (1985)
China girl (1985)
Dreams of a Hundred Chinese Children (1989)
The Third Corps (199 1)
Whistle of Youth (1993)
Girl Jame (1993)
Flower season and rainy season (1996)
Caowu (1997)
The Legend of Dove Tree (1998)
Daughter's story (1999)
I want to be a good boy (2000)
Illegal wisdom (200 1)
Diary of a Boy (2002)
Diary of a Girl (2002)
Ice Wave: The Complete Story of Stupid Cat (2002)
Tang Sulan: Attic Elf (2002), etc.
Important theoretical works are as follows:
He Yi: Miscellaneous Notes of Hua Xiaobai Gardeners Collection (1979)
Jiang Feng: An Introduction to Children's Literature (1982)
An introduction to children's literature (edited by five universities, 1982)
Hu Congjing: Children's Literature in the Late Qing Dynasty (1982)
Lu Bing: Literature for Educating Children (1982)
Wei Wei: An Overview of the History of Children's Literature in the World (1986)
Jiang Feng (Editor-in-Chief): History of Modern Children's Literature in China (1986), History of Contemporary Children's Literature in China (199 1), Chronicle of World Children's Literature (1992).
Hong: Fairy Tales (1986)
Wang Quangen: Pioneer of Modern Children's Literature (1987), Selected Works of Modern Children's Literature in China (1902- 1949), Selected Works of Contemporary Children's Literature in China (1949).
Tang Rui: A Preliminary Study on Comparative Children's Literature (1990)
Chen Zijun (Editor-in-Chief): History of Contemporary Children's Literature in China (199 1)
Dictionary of Children's Literature (Sichuan Children's Edition, 199 1)
Xue: Introduction to Fable (199 1)
Jin: The History of Fairy Tales in China (1992)
Wu Qinan: A History of Fairy Tales in China (1992)
Zhang Zhiwei: the first draft of the history of modern children's literature in China (1993)
Fang Weiping: A History of China's Children's Literature Theory Criticism (1993).
Sun Jianjiang: An Introduction to Children's Literature in China in the 20th Century (1995).
Zhang Meini and Chaoyang (editor. ): China Children's Literature School in the New Period (1996).
Wu Qinan: The History of Children's Literature in Transition (1997)
Zhu Ziqiang: The Essence of Children's Literature (1997)
Jiang Feng and Han Jin: History of Children's Literature in China (1998)
Peng Yi: A Guide to World Fantasy Children's Literature (1998)
Han Jin: The Origin of Children's Literature in China (1999)
Fan Fajia: Pursuing the Eternity of Children's Literature (2000)
Zhu Ziqiang: China Children's Literature and Modernization (2000)
Mei et al. Five people talk about children's literature in China (200 1).
Hasballah He et al. Introduction to Mongolian Children's Literature (2002)
Shu Peide: Watch and Expectation —— Shu Peide's Essays on Children's Literature (2003), etc.