What year of the year?
Don? Du Fu
At the end of the year, I am a guest from afar, and I still fight in the corner.
Smoke invades the snow ridge, and drums move the river.
The world bleeds every day, and the court volunteered.
Dare to love death and feel lonely and afraid when saving time.
Make an appreciative comment
When Du Fu was in Zizhou, he heard that the loyalist defeated the rebels, so he wrote "The banks of the Yellow River were recaptured by the imperial army". He wanted to return to the capital with great joy and soon he would go east to Wu Chu. In the meantime, he has been to Langzhou, but he heard the news of the Tubo invasion. The poet who cares about the country and the people wrote this poem.
Shoulian tells his own experience. Near the end of the year, the poet is still wandering in a foreign land. At this time, he heard the news of the war, and the country was facing the situation of internal troubles and foreign invasion. The author felt extremely sad. The words "criminal" and "dynamic" written by Zhuan Xu describe the poet's strong inner shock after hearing the invasion of foreign enemies. The Neck League first wrote about the tragic war, expressing concern that no one in the imperial court volunteered to kill the enemy.
Tail couplet "Dare to love death when saving people?" "Lonely Surprise" asks itself and answers itself, expressing the anguish of being unable to serve the country. Faced with the situation that "heaven and earth are bleeding day by day, and the court volunteered", Du Fu felt a passion for serving the country. He said that if the country is in trouble, I will save the country from life and death, save the people from dire straits, and I will not care about personal life and death. I will only devote myself to defending my country and bloodshed. Unfortunately, the author has the enthusiasm to serve the country, but he has no chance to serve the country, so he has to sigh "lonely and frightened"! Emotional words such as "loneliness" and "shock" are exactly the inner portrayal of the author at this time. The word "loneliness" not only describes the loneliness of the poet living alone in Langzhou, but also describes the empty feelings of the poet who wants to serve the country but can't display it. When the poet wrote this poem, he was fifty-two years old and had passed his destiny. However, the author's heart of serving the country is always fresh. He called himself a "strong man" to show that he was a "martyr in his twilight years". The last word "shock" not only describes the author's shock after hearing the news of foreign invasion, but also writes the indignation that "lone warriors" can't serve the country.
Extended reading: Du Fu's poetic achievements
Du Fu's poem "There are Sixty Volumes" has long been lost. In the second year of Baoyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty (1039), Wang Zhu collected 1405 volumes and compiled them into 18 volumes, which was named "Du Gongbu Collection". Qian edited The Collection of Du Gongbu. Yang Lun said: "Since the Six Dynasties, Yuefu imitated plagiarism, and Chen Xiangyin was the most disgusting. When Zi Mei came out, she felt what she felt at that time. When she went to Benjamin, she was in trouble. The people there were very poor. She asked questions at random, trying to get rid of the stereotypes of her predecessors.
Du Fu's middle-aged poems are called "the history of poetry" because of his gloomy poetic style and feelings of worrying about the country and the people. His poems are good at antique and rhythmic poems, and have various styles. He accurately summed up his work style with the words "depressed and frustrated", mainly focusing on depression. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Most of his poems involve social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems reflected the social contradictions and people's sufferings at that time. His poems recorded the historical changes of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and expressed the lofty Confucian spirit of benevolence and strong sense of hardship, so they were called "the history of poetry". Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been celebrated through the ages, such as Three Officials and Three Farewells. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems handed down from generation to generation are the most extensive in the Tang Dynasty, and he is one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Du Fu's works are called human scars and sages in poetry. The people are in poverty, and the bottom of the pen is turbulent. It is a masterpiece of realistic poetry.
Rhyme plays an extremely important role in Du Fu's poems. The achievement of Du Fu's metrical poems lies in expanding the scope of expression of metrical poems. He not only writes about entertainment, nostalgia, travel, feasts and landscapes with Chang Song poems, but also writes about current events with Chang Song poems. It is difficult to write current affairs with metrical poems, but Du Fu can use them freely. Du Fu writes metrical poems freely, changes as much as he can, conforms to the law without seeing the shackles of metrical poems, and is in neat opposition without seeing the traces of antithesis. For example, there is such a poem in Yang Lun's Ascending the Mountain, which is called "The Seven-character Law of Du Ji": "There is a flurry in the sky, apes crow and birds crow, blue lakes and white sands, and birds crow at home. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. Bad luck has a bitter frost on my temples, and heartache and fatigue are a thick layer of dust in my wine. " The whole poem is also very precise and elegant in tonal sentence patterns. Eight sentences are all right, so is the first sentence. Strict antithesis is concealed by the fluency of the image, and strictness becomes sparse.
Extended Reading: Du Fu's Poetic Style
As far as style is concerned, Du Fu's poems are diverse in style. Yuan Zhen's evaluation of Du Fu is: "As for the beauty of the son, it is called frivolous and coquettish. At that time, Shen Song seized Su Li and swallowed Cao Liu, hiding his face and thanking him for his loneliness. He was beautiful and beautiful, which was unique in ancient and modern times." Qin Guan also has a similar view: "So Du Zimei people are poor and expensive, extremely luxurious, full of diluted interest, delicate and clean, and have the beauty of algae, which is beyond the reach of other families." However, if you don't gather the strengths of many families, Du can't be immune. "For example, Du Fu also has a wild and unruly side, and Du Fu's heroism can be seen from his masterpiece" Singing the Eight Immortals ". The mainstream view holds that Du Fu's poems are gloomy in style, refined in language, rigorous in meter, skillful in craftsmanship, sincere in feelings, elegant in speech, profound in description, delicate and touching, and vivid in image. "Elaborating beautiful sentences for human nature and gushing" is his creative style. "As far as the narrative style and discussion style of Du Fu's poems are concerned, some scholars think that it is influenced by The Book of Songs Xiaoya, and his elegy and generosity are similar to Li Sao. Some scholars believe that Du Fu's poems have the traditional spirit of benevolent government and the spirit of Sima Qian's record. There are also views that Du Fu's poems have "humanitarian spirit". Han Yu, a great writer in the Tang Dynasty, once compared Du Fu and Li Bai, saying, "Du Li's articles are endless. Wang Anshi praised Du Fu's poem "Ugliness and beauty are so different, but how to carve them". Chen Shan's "New Theory on Qin Tick" Volume 7: "Old Du Fu's poems should be six classics in poetry, while others' poems are philosophers". Jiang Shiquan's Collection of Zhongyatang, the first volume, Preface to the Collection of Du Fu's Poems, is also called "Du Fu's Poet, Four Books in Poetry".
In terms of meter, Du Fu's poems are characterized by refined words and neat antithesis, which conforms to the "architectural beauty" of China's poems. In addition, Du Fu also has many innovations in genre, such as his creativity in the Five-Seven Laws and his uniqueness in literary creation.