At the beginning of the four seasons, it was awesome. Praise and tolerance, so the beauty of virtue and description is also. In the past, entering the ink (1) was Fu, the same as Song. Since business has been (2), both arts and sciences are allowed to prepare for the exam. Hua Fu suppressed the wind of a country, and it was elegant in all directions. Elegant and orderly, things become correct at the same time; Praise the Lord and tell God that righteousness will be pure and beautiful. Lu Guozhi was compiled by Gong Dan, and Shang Jiazhi was compiled by the former king. Division is the official song of the ancestral temple, not a banquet. One by one, written by Duke Zhou, eulogized by philosophers, and kept the rules. Everyone has his own interests, so don't just talk without practice. Known as Harada, Lu Min stabbed, outspoken, cynical, lofty spying, while thinking is a variant of crazy singing, immersed in personnel. There is also San Lv's Ode to an Orange, which is rich in fragrance and delicate in metaphor.
To annotate ...
① Ink formation: It should be "salty black". Black first: Di Ku once ordered to write songs black first.
(2) Shang: Shang Fu, Jing has five Shang Fu. Already: the same as "use".
3 sequence characters: write character narration; Foreword, narration
4 "Lu Guo" sentence: assisted to become a king and made outstanding contributions. He was sealed in the state of Lu and enjoyed the gift of the son of heaven. After his death, the people of Lu sacrificed truffles to Duke Zhou. Duke Zhou's surname is Ji, a famous Dan.
⑤ Don't choke (y not yūng) but talk: See On Mandarin and Zhou Yu. Zhao Gong thinks that to make people talk, we can't stop people from talking like building a dike. The dam is waterproof.
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The poetic theory of "Four Beginnings" in The Book of Songs has reached the extreme, and "Fu" is the last of the "Four Beginnings". "Ode" means describing appearance, and praising great merits by describing appearance. Once upon a time in Di Ku, Xianhei once wrote down "nine tricks" to praise his achievements. Since the Book of Songs, the writing of "Fu" has been mature and complete. Poems that can influence a vassal state by enlightenment are called wind, poems that can influence national weathering are called elegance, poems that can praise contemporary virtues and tell the gods by describing their appearance are called ode. The poems of "wind" and "elegance" are written by people, so there are "positive wind", "positive elegance", "changing wind" and "changing elegance" Odes are used to tell the gods, so the content must be pure and beautiful. Lu has, because the duke of Zhou enjoys the gift of the son of heaven; Song people recorded the ode to their ancestor, the former king, and the ode to Shang Dynasty. These are elegant and upright hymns used in ancestral temple sacrifices, rather than the usual hymns at banquets. The Book of Songs Zhou Song Shimai was written by Duke Ji Dan of Zhou. This is an ode written by a saint, which left a model for the writing of ode. Ordinary people have their own thoughts and ideas, and they can't stop talking. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin people praised the Jin army with "Harada Chang", while Lu people satirized Confucius with "You". They all say it directly, don't sing it, and satirize it with short words. Zuo Qiuming and Kong Shun told them to chant. These are changed informal carols, which have been gradually used in human affairs since the initial sacrifice to the gods. In Qu Yuan's Ode to an Orange, the content and literary talent are beautiful, and the metaphor and profound implication extend to small objects.
original text
As for Qin Zheng's sculpture, he praised his virtue; The scenery of the Han dynasty is also described in this way: it was made with the world, one after another. Ruofu Ziyun fills in the country (1), Meng Jian makes Dai Hou, Wuzhong's Meixiu School (2), and Shi Cenzhi's succession; Or quasi-Qing Palace, or Fan ③, although different in depth and details, its praise and virtue are obvious, and the law is also integrated. As for Banff's "Journey to the West" (IV), it turned into a preface, not a compliment, but absurd! (5) Ma Rong's "Guang Cheng Lin" is as elegant as Fu, why does it make the text lose quality? Cui Yuan's literature, Cai Yong's fan qu, and beauty lies in order, but simplicity. Seaweed is good; The clouds are light and the wind is light, but the theme remains the same. All landowners, just talk, and like yellow and white. In Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were few mistakes. Chen Si's composition is marked by the prince; Lu Ji has accumulated many articles, but the protagonist is the most obvious: he mixed praise and criticism, solidifying the wrong style of the previous generation.
To annotate ...
① Ziyun: Yang Xiong's word. Guo Chong: Zhao Chongguo, a military commander in the early Western Han Dynasty. Emperor Han Chengdi asked Yang Xiong to write Ode to Zhao Chongguo to commemorate Zhao Chongguo's contribution.
(2) Wuzhong: Yi Fu, a writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, wrote ten poems, of which only four are left. Xianzong: the temple number of Emperor Hanming.
③ Tour: The first poem of truffle. It is used here to refer to truffles. That: the first ode to the Shang Dynasty. It is used here to refer to Ode to Shang Dynasty.
④ Banfu: Ban Gu, Yi Fu. Northern Expedition: refers to Ban Gu's "General Dou Bei's Northern Expedition". Western Expedition: It refers to Yi Fu's Ode to the Western Expedition, with only four sentences left.
⑤ Ma Rong: Confucian scholar and writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. His Ode to Guang Cheng describes a vast garden, rich scenery and brave hunting, which is used to persuade Queen Deng to abolish martial arts and stop hunting.
⑥ Cai Yong, a writer and calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty, wrote Fan Fu.
⑦ Change: It should be "differentiation". Theme: purpose, will, refers to the basic meaning.
8 Discrimination: It should be called "Za", not the dance music in the ancestral hall, so it is called Za Fu.
Pet-name ruby Last generation: Last generation refers to troubled times, namely Wei and Jin Dynasties. Error: Error.
translate
As for the stone carvings in Qin Shihuang's time, they are all to celebrate his achievements. In the era of filial piety to Huidi and Jingdi in the Western Han Dynasty, there were also poems depicting descriptions. Therefore, all dynasties have made fu, and the successive development from generation to generation has been handed down. As for chanting, Ban Gu wrote a post-song, praising the filial piety of Han Dynasty, while Shi Cen wrote Ode to Empress Deng, some imitated the Book of Songs as Zhou Songqing Temple, and some learned from the Book of Songs as Truffles and Shang Songna. Although these works are different in depth, they are all very detailed. As for Ban Gu and Yi Fu's "Fu on the Rider Dou Bei Zheng" and "Fu on the Western Expedition", they turned the fu into a long article. Doesn't excessive praise violate the normal system of fu? Ma Rong's Guang Cheng Fu and Shang Lin Fu have the meaning of Fu, but they are very similar to Fu. Why did he play with pen and ink and lose the stylistic features of Fu? There are Cui Yuan's Nanyang Literature Fu and Cai Yong's Zhao Jingfan Quhui Fu, both of which have beautiful prefaces, but the length of the Fu is simplified. Zhifu's comments on the genre of Fu are exquisite and can grasp its main points. However, when talking about Han Fu, he said that the ideological content was mixed with both refined and popular tastes, but he did not understand the fundamental meaning. This is just empty talk, similar to the fallacy of hypocrisy and sophistry in the ancient white sword by the emperor. When it comes to miscellaneous Fu in Wei and Jin Dynasties, few people jump out of the old routine. The works of Chen and Cao Zhi are represented by Ode to the Crown Prince. Among Lu Ji's works, only Ode to the Hero of Emperor Gaozu is the most remarkable. However, they have different opinions, and they are works after the change of Fu style in Wei and Jin Dynasties.
original text
The original husband praised elegance, but the words must be clear and clear, and the style of writing seems to be fu, not into the luxury area; It is wise to be cautious, not the domain of rules and regulations; Yan Yang sent algae, and Wang Yang gave righteousness to trees. Although the fiber was bent, the situation changed, and its general bottom was the same.
To annotate ...
(1) Inscription: A poem mainly composed of warnings.
2 fiber: fine.
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Carol writing, originally pay attention to elegant content, beautiful words. Although the description is somewhat like fu, it is not as gorgeous as fu; Respect is as serious as "Ming", but it has different meanings from "Ming's advice and warning. His writing style should be elegant and elegant, and his meaning should be established with great momentum. Although it should be exquisite and elegant, it should change with the situation. This is probably the case in the writing of carols.
original text
Praise, understand and help. Yesterday, Yu Shun's sacrifice was praised by Yue Zheng, including singing words. While Yi praised Wu Xian, Yi praised Wu Xian, and threatened (1) to be sensible, sighing for his words. Therefore, in the Han dynasty, the wind of cracking was sung as praise, that is, ancient heritage. Take pictures like a pen, Jing Ke. And move the history to consolidate the book, with different comments, writing essays in general, and commenting on the body; Post-biography evaluation 3, also with the same name; However, Zhong Bie (4) called it a statement, which is a very distant thing. And Jingchun pays attention to elegance (5), plants will be praised, righteousness is both beautiful and evil, and it will also change its ears.
However, this is just and worthwhile, which makes people sigh. Therefore, since ancient times, although the style has been popularized, it is not wide, and it must end with four sentences, lingering on several rhymes. Hold it heartily and burn it heartily. This is its body. Although the origin is far away, the application for widowhood is generally returned, and its praise for the family is ok!
To annotate ...
Threat: that is, speak loudly.
② Zan Jing Ke: Jing Ke, an assassin at the end of the Warring States Period, assassinated Qin Shihuang for Yan Taizi Dan and failed to die. Sima Xiangru has "Praise of Jing Ke", and there may be a eulogy at the end.
(3) Post-biographical comments: the last preface of Taishigong and the last biography of Hanshu are used to illustrate the writing significance of the whole book. For example, in the preface to Taishi Gong, the intention of each article is stated first, and then "the first X of Zuo XX Ji" and "the first X of Zuo XX Chuan" are mentioned. The narrative biography of Hanshu is based on the imitation of Shiji. This general "biographical comment" began in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, and then scattered into the "praise" after each article.
4 public opinion: the word mourning. Farewell: that is, farewell about the article.
⑤ Jing Chun: Guo Pu's word. Ya: Er Ya.
6 linger: surround. Numeral rhyme: refers to short spaces. Praise rhyme is generally two sentences and one rhyme, and the number of rhymes is within one or twenty sentences.
⑦ Text: Main points.
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"Praise" means explanation and help. According to legend, in the past, Yu Shun paid great attention to the praise of music officials, because it was a statement before singing carols. As for what Yi said about helping Dayu, Yi explained to Wu Xian that he used strong words to explain things and strengthened the tone to help words. Therefore, the Han Dynasty set up an official who cracked the Han Dynasty. It was a compliment, a verbal compliment left over from ancient times, that he shouted and directed people to sing and salute at various ceremonies. After Jing Ke wrote in Sima Xiangru, he was praised in On Jing Ke, and then Sima Qian's Historical Records and Ban Gu's Hanshu were praised and criticized: summarized in short words and discussed in fu style. At the end of Historical Records and Hanshu, there are Preface to Taishi Gong and Biography, both of which are the general comments and approval names of the whole book. However, Zhiyu saw that Ban Gu's Han Shu Zhuan wrote Shu instead of Left, so she mistakenly called Ban Gu's Han Shu Zhuan Han Shu. In Guo Pu, I annotated Er Ya and wrote Er Ya Tu Zan. Both animals and plants should write praises, which include both praise and criticism. This is the same as the variation of Fu in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it is also a work after the change of Fu style.
Judging from the original meaning of praise, it comes from praising people and things, so the ancient praise style is very short and must consist of four sentences, about 10 or 20 sentences. Complete the content concisely and end the full text clearly. This is Zan's writing point. Zan has a long history, but it is rarely used in practice. Judging from its general trend and belonging, it should be regarded as a "praise" tribe.
original text
Praise: praise the body and praise the merits. The engraving (2) clicks, and the arts and sciences are rotten. The farther you accumulate over the years, the more it sounds. Fall into the goods, dazzle words for fun.
To annotate ...
① Body: It should be called "De". Below: Arrival and completion.
(2) Modeling (II) Shadow: Depicting the image. Carve, carve. Shadows, like.
Emblem: beauty. Dan: In the morning, this place will be expanded into a new one.
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Summary: Describe Sheng De and pay tribute to him.
Comment on your achievements and write a praise article.
Carve and form a rhythm,
That literary talent is brilliant.
Although the old contract is very old,
But beautiful praise is as fresh as morning.
Later, the evaluation of animals and plants was mixed.
I often show off words and play word games.
Comment and analysis
"Ode" and "praise" in Ode are two styles. Starting from this article, the style part often discusses two similar styles in one article. This paper mainly discusses "ode", followed by "praise".
The whole article is divided into two parts: first, the meaning, origin, development and changes of "Fu" and the basic characteristics of writing. Second, talk about the meaning, origin, development and changes of "Zan" and the basic characteristics of its writing.
Praise and praise are both works of praise. Most of the works that Liu Xie affirmed in this article are of little value. The scope of application of these two kinds of works is limited, especially praise, but the two styles with little difference are clearly defined. The writing of "Fu" opposes being too gorgeous and "lacking in literary quality", and advocates determining the content from a general perspective and the detailed description according to the specific content. These opinions are also of certain significance to general writing.