China's pastoral poems have a long history, with many poets and different styles. Poets such as Tao Yuanming formed the pastoral school in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, poets such as Xie Lingyun and Xie Tiao formed the landscape school in the Southern Dynasties, and poets such as Wang Wei and Meng Haoran formed the pastoral school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The poet takes landscape and countryside as aesthetic objects, and throws delicate brushstrokes into quiet mountains and leisurely fields to create an idyllic life to express his dissatisfaction with reality and his yearning for a quiet and peaceful life.
Careful taste, these poems have more or less the same characteristics.
First of all, they all showed great interest in mountains and rivers, gave incomparable attention to other poets and writers, and spared no expense in depicting the mountains, rivers, trees and grass of nature with strong colors.
For example, Meng Haoran's Passing Old People's Village:
This old friend prepared a delicious meal and invited me to his hospitable farm.
Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city.
Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops.
Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes.
After the first couplet of the poem explained the reason of the incident, the couplet was the natural scenery that the poet saw when he entered the village. The poet seems to have come to the common rural scenery within reach, but he can see his profound skill and careful tempering in the plain. These two sentences not only accurately and vividly describe the dense green trees near the village, but also the sloping green hills outside the village, presenting us with a fresh and distinctive mountain village landscape painting; Moreover, the word "harmony" and the word "oblique" point out the appearance of the village outside the village surrounded by green trees and crossed by green mountains, as if the natural scenery is integrated with the people in the mountain village, full of deep affection, intimacy and appeal.
The necklace was written into the scene where the host and guests were talking in the back of the house. If the couplets depict the general environment of the whole village, the necklace depicts the small environment of an old friend's farmhouse: the threshing floor and vegetable garden are outside, and the dining table and farmhouse are inside, a strong family atmosphere is coming. Facing the typical farmhouse scenery outside the window and the rich farmhouse meals in the house, the poet felt happy inside; In addition, the host and guests know each other very well, and they have the same feelings and tastes. They frequently raised their glasses and drank, and talked loudly about Summer. How carefree and warm they are. The tail couplet tells the promise of another day, and it has a long meaning. The human feelings and scenery in the poem are integrated into nature.
Secondly, the landscape, vegetation, flowers and birds described by the poet are not isolated, but constitute a harmonious whole and a picture full of life consciousness.
Let's look at Du Fu's poems and paintings-quatrains;
Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers.
Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.
At the beginning of the poem, I focused on the big picture and described the beautiful spring scenery around Huanhuaxi under the bright sunshine in early spring. In the second sentence, the poet further shows the beautiful spring scenery with warm spring breeze, blooming flowers and lush grass. The poet chooses the most common and distinctive dynamic scenery in early spring to sketch. In spring, the flowers bloom, the soil melts, the soil is wet, and the swallows that come from autumn to spring are busy flying around and building nests with the soil. The fourth sentence is to outline the static scenery. Spring is warm and sunny. Yuanyang should also enjoy the warmth of spring and still sleep on the sandbar by the stream. Judging from the description of the scenery, this sentence contrasts with the third sentence, which is full of movement and sets each other off. Three or four sentences depict flying swallows and sleeping mandarin ducks with meticulous brushwork, and with one or two sentences, a broad and bright scenery is outlined, which makes the whole picture harmonious and unified, forming a colorful, prosperous and aesthetic early spring scenery map, thus reflecting the poet's relaxed mood of temporarily enjoying a peaceful life after long-term turmoil and displacement, and his happy feelings about the vitality and prosperity of nature in early spring.
In addition, more importantly, all the scenery written by the poet is ultimately to express the feelings of the characters.
Such as Du Fu's impromptu poem Jueju:
Quatrain
"Two orioles sing green willows, and egrets cover the sky."
My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward.
A short poem written by Du Fu after learning that his old friend Yanwu had returned to Chengdu. The first pair of a poem is a set of antitheses. There are many willows around the thatched cottage, and there are a pair of orioles singing on the new green willow branches, which are a happy and colorful scene, forming a fresh and beautiful artistic conception. "Two orioles sing green willows", and birds are paired, showing a kind of vitality and a festive meaning. Egrets in the blue sky are flying freely. These two sentences use four bright colors to form a beautiful picture. The first sentence and the description of the voice convey a very happy mood.
The second pair of this poem is also composed of antitheses. The last sentence was written by overlooking the snow ridge by the window. The snow on the ridge does not melt all the year round, so the "autumn snow" is piled up, and the Chu Snow Mountain can only be seen on a sunny day with clear air. Seeing such a rare beauty, the poet's mood is self-evident. When you look out of the door, you can see ships moored by the river. River boat is very common, but "Wan Li boat" is meaningful. Because they are from Wu Dong. After years of war, land and water traffic was blocked by the war, and ships were generally unable to sail in Wan Li. How could the poet not like the ships from Soochow when the war was settled and the traffic resumed? These two sentences are very long and time-consuming. Poets in the thatched cottage, but thousands of years of thinking, see through Wan Li, how broad-minded!