Ji Xiang Xuanzhi 1 Teaching Target Teaching Plan Design
1. Learn this article, be good at capturing typical details and scenes in life, and express sincere feelings through trivial life.
2. Experience the faint pen and ink and touching feelings of this article.
Teaching emphases and difficulties
1. Focus on understanding the feelings of missing relatives and the vicissitudes of personnel expressed in the article.
2. Recite the full text.
Time allocation
3 class hours
teaching process
First, the solution to the problem and the writer's works
Ask the students to read Note 1. The teacher added: Ji Xiang Xuanzhi is the representative work of essayist Gui Youguang. The name of the study is Xuan, which is a cubicle with only 10 square foot in the author's home. Why did you give this research such a name? It is said that there are two meanings: one is narrow, such as between the neck ridges; First, it is memorable because the author's ancestor Gui Daolong once lived in Xiangjijing, Taicang County, Jiangsu Province.
Gui Youguang studied hard since he was a child. At the age of nine, he was a scholar, but his career was unfavorable. He won the prize at the age of 35 and failed eight times in the next twenty years. So I moved to Jiading Anting River to study and give lectures. He has many students and is called "Mr. Zhenchuan". He was admitted to Jinshi at the age of 60 and was awarded the post of county magistrate.
Although Gui Youguang was not proud of his official career, he read widely and made great achievements in prose creation. He was an outstanding essayist in Ming Dynasty. His prose is greatly influenced by Sima Qian and Ouyang Xiu, but it has its own characteristics. He is good at describing the things he often comes into contact with in his life and some trivial matters between his family, relatives and friends with sparse pen and ink. His essays are full of affection and appeal. The Selected Annals of Ji Xiang, which we are going to study today, belongs to this kind of lyric prose.
Second, read the text aloud and make clear the meaning.
1. Teacher's demonstration reading and pronunciation.
Supplementary phonetic notation:
2. Supplementary explanation:
(1) No sun: get sunshine.
(2) All sounds can be heard: all sounds can be heard.
(3) faint in the afternoon: the indoor light is dim.
The court was silent: almost no one was present.
(5) In the imperial court, the north and the south are integrated: the whole.
(6) Everything changes again: everything is always * * *; Again: twice.
(7) Response: Answer for her.
(8) He Jingri is here silently: all day.
3. Students use reference books and notes under books to clarify the meaning of the text, and teachers use a series of answers to explain the questions in class.
Third, homework
1. Learn the text.
2. Exercise 2 and 3 after class.
Second lesson
First, check your homework.
1. Review Exercise 2 and Exercise 3 after class.
Please read the text aloud to prepare for reciting.
Second, speaking and reading the text
Name the paragraph 1 of the text that the students read.
Question: At the beginning of the article, how did the author specifically write about the small, old, broken, leaky and dark porch of his study?
Clear:
(1) Write Xiao Jixuan: formerly known as "Pavilion", "There is only an abbot in the room, which can accommodate one person", capacity, capacity;
2 then write old: directly point out that it is a "century-old house";
(3) Write a leak: "The dust and mud really penetrate, and the rain is betting", so that "every move has no place to take care of it" is small; 4 write dark; "To the north, there is no sun, and it is dark after noon."
Teacher's guidance: This writing is vivid and concrete, which can give a deep impression. In particular, the sentence "Every time a case is transferred, it is particularly vivid." The roof leaks from the east and west. Every time I move the table, there seems to be no room to put it, which is a bit embarrassing.
Q: How does the author feel about this kind of research?
Clear: the author does not dislike or despise. On the contrary, he has a deep attachment to it.
Teacher's instruction: The opening paragraph has another function, that is, it is in sharp contrast with the repaired items below, which makes people feel that his small study is quite interesting and lovely, and it is indeed a good place to study, so as to further show the author's love for it.
Question: What happened to the renovated Xiangjixuan?
Clear: no water leakage, no blackening. Open, open a wall around the yard, and a wall is built around the yard. Orchids, laurels, bamboos and other flowers and trees were planted in the courtyard, and the original mast "also increased the victory" and added luster.
Question: What do you think of studying in such an environment? Students are not required to answer questions, but to read the following sentences repeatedly to deepen their understanding. These words are: "The bookshelf is full of books, singing stiffly, sitting silently, and everything is noisy." And the footsteps are silent, birds peck, and people don't go. On the fifth night of March, half of the month, the laurel trees are mottled, the wind is moving, and it is lovely. "Finished, the teacher will explain. )
"Borrowing books is full of shelves", which shows that people are eager to learn, and books may not really be borrowed. There is a literal translation in the text annotation of "Yang Xiao Ge". In fact, this is the fun of writing and reading. Only when you get something from reading can you be so happy. As for the author, why did he "sit alone" later? Obviously, I am further considering the problems in the book and gaining more.
Q: What do you mean by "everything sounds"?
Clarity: It means that all sounds made by nature can be heard. Lai, the sound made in the cave also refers to sound.
Ask again: Is it quiet or noisy?
Clear: Write quietly.
Further question: which is quieter, "when all is silent" or "when all is silent" (after this question is put forward, it is estimated that the classroom atmosphere may be more active, and the answer may not be consistent. It would be better if it could cause controversy. Finally, the teacher explained. )
"All sounds can be heard" means that even the slightest sound can be heard in the study when the author is absorbed in his thoughts. Writing silence with sound is the same as "cicadas make the forest quieter and the sound palace mountain quieter", and the word "quiet" is in contrast with sound. And this kind of stillness is an aura of "stillness", not a "dead silence". It can be said that "sound is better than silence at this time."
The quiet study during the day is written below, touched by birds pecking: at night, the scenery and realm of the study are more beautiful. Quiet. Write the month, with a "half wall" to set off; Write osmanthus trees, and describe them with "mottled" beautiful images; Then, from static rotation, the breeze blows slowly, with the "shadow moving" as the background and the word "mountain" as the rendering (marked as "beautiful face" in the paper, and some books interpret it as "describing the light and soothing face when the shadows shake"), which not only depicts the swaying of osmanthus trees, but also shows the author's quiet and leisurely mood. What an elegant and beautiful picture it is! (At this point, let the students collect books and think, and read paragraph 1 of the text freely until they can recite it. Finally, recite in groups. )
Third, summary:
This paragraph is the first part of the text, talking about happy events, remembering the scenery inside and outside Jixiang Xuan, and deliberately writing about studying in Xuan and enjoying yourself. The author's deep attachment to Xiang is the emotional clue that runs through the whole article. This happy mood just reflects the sadness written below.
Fourth, homework:
Recite the first paragraph of the text.
The third category
First, check the recitation.
Second, speaking and reading the text
1. Name the second paragraph that the students read.
Question: "However, I live here, both happy and sad." What is the function of this sentence from the structure of the article?
Qing: From happiness to sadness, to nostalgia. Judging from the structure of the article, this sentence is a link between the preceding and the following, and the tenon is natural.
2. Students silently read the third paragraph of the text, and summarize the meaning in different levels.
Clear: * * * * is divided into three layers. The first layer is from "the beginning" to "everything will change again." It is a sad thing to write about the changes outside the entrance of the spine first.
On the second floor, from "There is an old Ji at home ..." to "... I am still crying, and Ji is also crying. Writing on the porch and remembering my mother's legacy is the second sad thing.
On the third floor, from "I'm in the reading room ..." to the end of this paragraph, it is the third sad thing that reminds me of grandma's legacy after writing in the mourning hall.
3. Analyze the first layer
Question: What specific details did the author capture to describe the breakup of the old family?
Clear: I wrote three typical examples: "East dogs bark in the west, guests have a feast, and chickens live in the hall".
Teacher's explanation: It takes only 13 words to write three typical things, and it takes only a few strokes to tell the truth about the decline, decline and chaos brought about by the disintegration of feudal families. Where, always * * *; Changed it again, twice.
Analyze the second layer
(1) Call the students to read aloud.
(2) Teacher's explanation: The author lost his mother when he was a child, and some childhood memories are not clear, so it is natural, true, cordial and touching to say it through the mouth of an old wet nurse. In particular, I wrote that mothers take care of children and knock at the door to ask for cold. "Is the child cold?" Want to eat? "Affection lingering, touching. Although there are only a few words, it is pure maternal love. What an ordinary and moving picture of life this is!
5. Analyze the third layer
(1) Ask two students to read aloud (one student reads "Big Mom"; Another student reads other content)
(2) The teacher explained: Bundle hair refers to the time when the boy is not yet an adult. When the ancients were young, they tied up their hair and put it on their heads. My son, my child. If the shadow, your shadow. Day after day, all day, all day. The author wrote this detail and skillfully wrote three touching scenes. First of all, my grandmother wrote only one sentence when she came to the porch, with a kind and funny tone, which not only expressed pity, but also implied praise, showing the love of the loving old man for the younger generation. The second time I wrote that grandma closed the door and went to feed herself. There is a trace of worry in her words, but more importantly, I believe that I am full of hope for my grandson's success. This is not said in front of the grandson, but also shows his ardent expectations and sincere feelings. Then she wrote about her grandmother's "Hold an elephant tight", which revealed her expectation and encouragement for the younger generation. A few ordinary scenes, a few ordinary words and a few ordinary actions show grandma's incomparable love and care for her grandchildren. It shows that the author has a deep ability to absorb the details of life. The last sentence of this paragraph, "Looking at the relics seems like yesterday, making people unable to control the trombone", is not only to remember the legacy of my grandmother, but also to remember the legacy of my mother at the next higher level. Careful structure and sincere feelings.
6. Say the fourth paragraph of the text read by the students.
Brief introduction to reading: this paragraph describes some trivial matters, and the author is pleased that the item can remain the same for a long time.
7. Ask the students to read the fifth and sixth paragraphs (the last two paragraphs) of the text.
Interpretation after reading: Ten years later, the author added this paragraph, remembering the death of his wife is the fourth sad thing.
Q: What is the same in words as above?
Clear: Because they are all nostalgic, they feel more harmonious. Remembering the death of his wife is also grasping the trivial things in daily life and has its own characteristics. For example, "when my wife comes back, she will go to the porch and ask me about the past, or learn some books." "My wife went back to her mother's home and said to her sisters,' I heard that my sister has a pavilion. What is it?' "and so on.
Then ask: please think again, what is the same in words?
Qing: There are many things you can write, but you can only write about items, which shows that the selection of materials is strict and the materials are fine. "My wife's mothering, the little girl's language ..." It is even more vivid, a naive modality, vividly on the paper.
Continue to explain: there are no words such as "love each other" and "respect each other as guests" in the article, but Hengli is affectionate and sees herself. This writing is based on the joy of the young couple singing in the porch to set off the sadness of widowhood today. As far as the meaning of this paragraph is concerned, it is written as "I am in a foreign country, I don't live often", and you can also wrap the whole article. Unexpectedly, there were waves below, so I turned to write a slim loquat tree in court, which made the article memorable. Elegant and towering. Sunshade umbrella
Question: Write your feelings in public or in secret. Try to connect with the example above.
Clear: write clearly, such as "Shanshan is very cute" in the first paragraph and "people can't help trombone" at the end of the second paragraph; Secretly, for example, in paragraph 2, "Somewhere, but my mother is here", this paragraph is "so elegant now". The advantage of writing in secret is that it is hidden and intriguing.
Continue to explain: this ending is the finishing touch, seeing things and thinking about people, expressing the feelings that things exist and people die, making readers memorable and impressed more.
8. Read paragraphs 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the text collectively.
Summary: The above six paragraphs are the second part, writing sad things, focusing on recalling the legacy of mother, grandmother and wife, drawing pictures with sound, which can quite touch readers' hearts.
Third, the text summary:
In this lyrical essay, the author describes the changes from the past to the future, and writes about his cordial feelings for it and his deep nostalgia for his loved ones. The author's infinite attachment to Xiang is a clue that runs through the whole article. Regardless of scenery description, narration or lyricism, it seems to be readily available, but in fact it is closely related to Ji Xiangxuan, and the integration of the three is a major feature of this paper's organizational materials and arrangement structure. Whether happy or sad, the author is good at choosing distinctive details of life, and the music is wonderful. The author tells touching family affairs in simple language, and is especially good at conveying characters' expressions and manners in simple and vivid dialogues and spoken language.
Fourth, homework
1. After-class exercises 1.
2. Recite the full text.
Teaching plan design of Ji Xiang Xuan Paper Part II Teaching objectives;
1, implement classical Chinese knowledge: Yan, Chao, Fan, Milk, Suo, Category, Comparison, Efficiency, Danger, Return and Control. ...
2. Understand the author's thoughts and feelings, and realize the author's thoughts about his loved ones and feelings about family changes.
3. Learn from the author's writing technique of integrating true feelings into the details of life, and experience the author's plain but touching language art. ..
4, teaching focus:
Teaching objectives 1, 2
Teaching difficulties:
Teaching objective 3
Class hours: 3 class hours
first kind
Teaching points:
1, know the author
Step 2 read the text
3, dredge the text and understand the meaning.
Teaching process:
First, import:
Second, solve the problem:
1, about Gui Youguang (projection)
Prose Writers, Shop Names, Experiences and Achievements in Ming Dynasty
2. Title:
Chi: Memory, style, describing things and expressing feelings. Such as: History of the Three Kingdoms, Records of Cold Flowers Burial.
Ji Xiangxuan: The name of the author's research says that "Ji Xiang" is a square inch of land, which is very small; It is said that the author's ancestors lived in Xiangjijing, Suzhou, taking this as the name of the study, which means to pursue Zong Huaiyuan.
Third, read the full text.
Correct pronunciation and clear sentence reading (projection)
Fourth, read the meaning of the text
1, combined with notes, dredge the words paragraph by paragraph (comb independently, sketch and discuss if you have any questions)
2. Students ask questions and solve problems collectively.
3. Teachers implement keywords (projection)
Verb (abbreviation for verb) assigns homework.
The first part of the innovation plan P35
Second lesson
Teaching points:
1, sort out the structure and ideas of the article.
2. Interpret the content of the article and understand the author's emotions.
Teaching process:
First, review and review
Spot check of key words and sentences
Second, sort out the structure and clear the way of thinking.
1, q: I wonder if you found the structural uniqueness of this article in the preview. Was this article written at the same time? Where can I find it?
Clarity: In the fourth paragraph "I write for this", we can see that the article is divided into two parts: the main body and the supplementary explanation.
2. Q: How many years have passed between the two parts of the article? Where does the text tell us the answer?
Clear: 13, "last five years", "next six years" and "next two years"
3. Q: How does the article relate people and things that span thirteen years? That is to say, what is the clue of the article?
Qing: item
4. Q: What is the relationship between these two parts and Item?
Clarity: the text describes the renovation of Xiang Ji Xuan and the personnel related to Xiang Ji Xuan, borrowing things to remember people; Supplementary notes about my dead wife and my life in Xiangjixuan and the loquat tree planted by my dead wife.
5, blackboard writing article structure:
Borrowing things-Ji Xiangxuan
The text borrows things to remember the father.
13 fragrant any fresh onion
Older mothers come before younger mothers.
Loquat Tree-A Spectacular Scene
Remember to look at things and think about people.
Thinking about people-dead wife
Third, read the content and understand the emotion.
(A) learning the first section, taste "hi"
1, Q: What do the items written by the author look like?
Qing: small-"the room has only the abbot and can accommodate one person."
Leakage-"Dust and mud seep out, rain and Ze gamble"
Darkness-"If you can't get the sun, you will faint after noon."
2. Q: After some repairs, what's the new look of the item?
Clear: bright-"There are four windows in front and walls around the courtyard"
Elegance-"Gui Lan Bamboo" and "Full of Books"
Silence-"All is silent" and "Silent footsteps"
3. Q: What kind of picture has the author carefully carved for us? What do you think of the author's study mood in such an environment?
It is very clear: "borrowing books, singing, sitting silently, everything is very noisy." And the footsteps are silent, birds peck, and people don't go. On the fifth night of March, half of the month, the laurel shadow is mottled, windy and lovely. " (group reading)
Although the material is simple, the author's mood can be summarized in one word: hi.
(2) Study the second and third sections and taste "sadness"
Transition: "I am humble, but I am virtuous." Although Ji Xiangxuan is very young, the author is very happy to study here. Are there only good memories in Ji Xiang Xuan? Which sentence in the text implies the emotional transition? ("However, living here is both gratifying and sad." )
1, Q: What is the first sad thing? What specific details does the author use to describe the breakup of the extended family?
Clear: Fathers are different. I wrote three typical examples, "Dogs barking in the east and barking in the west, guests having a banquet, and chickens living in the hall". The total number of words is only 13, and it only takes a few strokes to tell the whole decline, decline and chaos caused by the separation of feudal families.
2. Q: The disintegration of the extended family and the indifference of human feelings make the author sigh, but it is even more sad to recall the author's close relatives separated by Yin and Yang.
Thinking of his mother. What kind of person is Xianyan? Please analyze it according to the specific statement.
Clear: ① loving mother. "Mom knocked on the door with her finger and said,' Are you cold? Do you want something to eat? The word "knock" is soft and every word is concerned.
(2) a kind master. "first, my mother is a maid ... first, my mother caresses her very thick." "Somewhere, mother is standing here." The old woman at home never forgets her mother, and her mother is also very kind to others.
Summary: Gui Youguang lost his mother at the age of eight, and the memory of her mother can only be conveyed by the old woman at home. The word "crying" conveys a person's inner pain of losing his mother in childhood.
3. Q: Xian Yan is a loving mother. What about the first mother? What kind of person is she? Find out what moved you the most, repeat it in modern Chinese and tell me why you were deeply moved.
Clear: ① My mother said to me,' Son, if I haven't seen you for a long time, why are you here without saying a word? ""Grandma's words include both love and praise for her grandson, and her tone is cordial and natural, showing the love of the loving elders for the younger generation.
② Go ahead, close the door with your hand and say to yourself,' My family's study has been ineffective for a long time, but if my children succeed, they can wait!' " "。 Grandma is full of hope for her grandson's success.
Question: Can you change the word "Guan" to "Guan"? Why don't you say this in front of your grandson? Clear: you can't change the word "off" to "off" because "off" means gently off, which shows that grandma is afraid of disturbing her grandson's study. I don't say this in front of my grandson because I am afraid of putting too much pressure on my grandson, who has worked very hard; Writing about grandma talking to herself shows that her words are from the heart and that her expectations are earnest and sincere. )
(3) "After a while, he held an elephant and said,' This is what my ancestor Taichang Gong Xuan De insisted on using, so you should use it one day!'" ""This sentence further revealed the grandmother's expectation and encouragement for her grandchildren.
Summary: A few ordinary scenes, a few ordinary words and a few ordinary actions vividly depict an image of an old woman who is extremely loving, caring and full of expectations for her grandchildren.
4. Q: My grandmother's voice and smile seem to be in front of me, and the author can't help playing the trombone at this moment. Why?
(Teacher added: Actually, Jia Gui is very famous in the local area, and he is a rich man. In Gui Youguang's generation, the family fortune has been ruined. Gui Youguang has read a lot of poetry books since he was a child. He was gifted and literate at the age of 9, but he didn't win the prize until he was 35. After that, I won the prize once, eight times and once every three years for more than 20 years. It was not until he was in his sixties that he became a scholar and became a county magistrate in Changxing County, Huzhou. Gui Youguang was only 18 years old when he wrote The Ridge. Is everyone clear? Why can't Gui Youguang control his trombone? )
Qing: If you have no fame, you have a negative grandmother and are ashamed of your ancestors.
6, blackboard writing summary:
Borrowing things-a small leak in the porch is dark, bright, elegant and quiet.
The text recalls the sadness of father's separation.
13 item recalling people and nurturing tears
Damu Jiao Jiao no. 1 in 20 Ji County.
Loquat Tree-A Spectacular Scene
Remember to look at things and think about people.
Thinking about people-dead wife
Fourth, homework
The second part of the innovation plan P36
The third category
Teaching points:
1, study the supplementary part and taste the emotion.
2. Summarize writing skills and appreciate language arts.
3. Summarize the knowledge points of classical Chinese.
Teaching process:
First, review and review
Joy and sadness in Ji Xiang Xuan
Second, learn to make up points and appreciate the deep affection between husband and wife.
1, enjoy the TV sketch "Love to the Ridge".
2. Assign students to read parts 4 and 5.
3. Q: What two things does the author recall about his wife? He lived with his wife for six years. Why did he pick out these two little things?
Memories
Two things: my wife went to the porch, asked Yu about ancient things and learned a few books; The wife relayed Zhu Xiaomei's words.
Reason:
(1) these two things are related to a ridge porch;
(2) These two things are to show the love between husband and wife, which is unforgettable-the author sings in the porch, the wife learns some books in the porch, and the husband sings with the woman, which is warm and harmonious; Zhu Xiaomei's question shows that his wife often mentions the cabinet and people in it, which shows the deep affection between husband and wife.
4. Q: Such a loving couple and such a happy life are fleeting. What is the author's mentality? Where can I feel his mood in the text?
Clarity: pain
①: The room was broken but not repaired-after his wife died, he had no intention to repair Xiao Xuan, and wrote his inner sadness in a concealed way.
②: There is a loquat tree in the pavilion-the author didn't write how to miss her, only said that the tree planted by his wife was graceful, not missing people, but growing, seeing things and thinking about people, so why bother!
7. Q: Compared with the previous article, what are the characteristics of the supplementary part in expressing feelings?
Clear:
Write sadness with joy, and compare sadness with the details of a happy life after marriage.
② Compared with the past and the present, the loquat tree planted by my dead wife is not as graceful as it was then. Ending with scene language, implicit and restrained.
⑥ Teachers complement and deepen: the tree has grown! Death! The thing is! People are different! There is not a word about missing here, but "endless ruthlessness, endless words and intentions"! Gui Youguang tied a knot with a loquat tree, but wrote enough touching sadness to become a classic ending.
Third, discuss and summarize the writing techniques and artistic characteristics of the works.
Teacher's summary:
1, vivid and touching details.
2. Sad and implicit emotional expression
Student example analysis:
For example, look at the family situation from the word "East dog calls West". In the second paragraph, I wrote, "How comforting and sad" ... how sad it is to describe a thing by describing the death of a family. Barking to the West contains the author's sad and broken mood. It implies that the aforementioned "half-father" is not harmonious. The once happy big family has been replaced by nervous alienation. This shows the author's very sad mood.
Four, familiar with the full text, summed up the knowledge of classical Chinese.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) assigns homework.