Test analysis: According to the material information "1959", "blast furnace" and "society", it can be judged that the poem describes the Great Leap Forward and the People's Commune Movement in the late 1950s. The economic system reform started at 1978, excluding item A; The great leap forward and the people's commune movement led to a serious imbalance in the national economy, error c; The last two sentences of the poem, "Not only the city is suffering from bitter rain, but the shepherd's purse in Xitou is not open", show that both the city and the countryside are affected, and item D is correct.