(1) Narrative Poetry:
A poem with a complete story and characters. Usually expressed by the poet's passionate singing style. Epic, story poem and poetic novel all belong to this category. Ancient Greek Homer's epics such as Heriat and Odyssey; China poet Li Ji's Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang and other story poems; Don Juan by British poet Byron and yevgeni onegin by Russian poet Pushkin.
(2) Lyrics:
Poetry that mainly reflects social life by directly expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings does not require complete stories and characters. Such as love songs, carols, elegies, elegies, pastoral songs, satirical poems, etc.
(3) metrical poems:
Poetry written according to certain formats and rules. It has strict rules on the number of lines, the number of words (or syllables), the tone and rhyme, the antithesis of words and the arrangement of sentence patterns. Such as the metrical poems, quatrains and songs in China's ancient poems and the European sonnets.
(4) free verse:
The newly developed poetic style in modern Europe and America. It is not limited by metrical rules, has no fixed format, pays attention to natural and internal rhythm, and uses rhymes roughly similar or without rhymes. The number of words, lines, sentence patterns and tones are relatively free, and the language is relatively popular. Whitman, an American poet (1819-1892), is the founder of European and American free verse, and Leaves of Grass is his main collection of poems. This poetic style has also become popular in China since the May 4th Movement.
(5) prose poetry:
Poetry with both prose and poetry characteristics. There are poetic artistic conception and passion in the works, which are often full of philosophy, paying attention to the natural rhythm and the beauty of music. The length is short, like prose, and it does not rhyme, such as Lu Xun's Weeds.
(6) Philosophical poetry:
A poem that expresses the poet's philosophical views and reflects philosophical truth. The content of this kind of poems is profound, implicit and meaningful, and most of them contain abstract philosophy in their distinctive artistic images. The length is short and pithy. In ancient times, there were mostly four quatrains, while new poems appeared in one to four sentences. Such as Su Shi's "Title Xilin Wall"; Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow; Su Shi's Qin poems; Chen Yi's Winter Night Chant. Song Qing.
(7) Inscription:
Poetry that follows the meaning of a picture or is accompanied by words. The emergence of China's poems on paintings has always been considered to have started in the Tang Dynasty, and its founder is Du Fu. If painting poems refer to poems inscribed on the screen, according to the existing data, it is only in the Tang Dynasty. If we don't specifically refer to painting poems, but regard indirect painting poems as painting poems, such as chanting paintings, painting poems, painting fans, painting poems and painting poems, then according to the existing data, there were painting poems in the Six Dynasties. For example, in the poems of the Three Kingdoms in the Han, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there are three poems by Ye Tao in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, one of which is: "Seven treasures draw a round fan, and the moon is bright." It's summer with Lang, but you can't forget each other if you remember each other. In particular, Yu Xin, an outstanding poet from the Liang Dynasty to the Northern Zhou Dynasty, wrote 25 poems "Painting Screen" in the Liang Dynasty, which vividly described the beautiful picture on the painting screen.
1, stress: (including grammatical stress and stress stress. )
(1) Grammatical stress refers to words that are stressed according to the characteristics of grammatical structure.
Poems composed of subject predicates are usually stressed when the predicates indicate the subject. For example, "We are fresh. We are innocent. We're amazing. We are fragrant. " (Guo Moruo, "Phoenix Nirvana, Phoenix Rebirth Song")
Poems with subject-predicate-object structure are stressed. For example, "moonlight loves the ocean and the ocean loves moonlight." (Liu Bannong's love song)
A poem with modifiers before the predicate is stressed. For example, "the wind blows the moon." (Shen Moonlit Night) Two modifiers, and Mingming, replaced stress.
(2) Stress refers to words that are stressed in order to emphasize the semantic focus. Emphasis on stress has no fixed position, but should be determined according to the need to express thoughts and feelings when reading aloud. The following situations should be regarded as stressing stress:
Words that are important to express the poet's thoughts and feelings. For example: "Premier Zhou, our good premier." (Premier Zhou, where are you, written by Ke Yan) "Good" is the people's highest evaluation of Premier Zhou, expressing the infinite love and heartfelt respect of poets and people for Premier Zhou.
Words that express contrast and have prominent sentence meaning. For example, "some people are alive, but they are dead;" Some people died and he is still alive. " (Cang Kejia's Some People) Rereading Death and Life makes a sharp contrast between the two kinds of people, which is very artistic.
Refer to the above words. For example, "They walk with lanterns." (Guo Moruo's Market in the Sky) Only when the stress falls on the lantern can it be linked with the above "Look at that meteor" to form a figurative relationship.
In order to strengthen the listener's impression, the poem lists similar elements. For example, "We shout at the mountain, we shout at the ground, we shout at the forest …" Rereading "mountain", "land" and "forest" can strengthen memory.
Grammatical stress is not obvious. Once it appears in a sentence, grammatical stress should obey it.
2, pause:
Pause is manifested in the reading of poetry, mainly referring to the beat. When reading aloud, it is divided into several paragraphs according to the density of words in the poem to reflect the distinct rhythm and charm of the language. This pause is called a beat.
When reading a new poem, we should not mechanically divide the beat according to the number of words, but take into account the content and structure of the poem. The number of beats in each line should be symmetrical and balanced, so as to have harmonious and neat rhythm beauty. For example, the first paragraph of Market in the Sky: Distant/street lamp/clear, as if/flashing countless/stars. The stars in the sky seem to be burning countless street lamps. The first and third sentences have three beats, while the second and fourth sentences are not completely divided into four beats according to the number of words, but they are still three beats. When reading a new poem, in order to maintain the beauty of neatness and harmony, it is better to squeeze the words in the sentence tightly than to divide the poems with close semantic relations into different beats.
3. Tone:
Tone is the voice people use to express their feelings and attitudes, which is also known as "tone". The poet's thoughts and feelings are rich and complicated, including joy, happiness, sadness, sadness, depression, heaviness, excitement, anxiety, surprise, despair, doubt and exclamation. When reading aloud, you should express it appropriately with the corresponding tone. For example, Cang Kejia's Three Generations:
children
Bathed in the mud;
Dad is sweating in the soil;
grandpa
Buried in the soil.
The poet closely followed the relationship between farmers and land and absorbed three artistic pictures. Judging from the time, these three paintings are closely related. The father who "sweats in the soil" today will be buried tomorrow, and the child who "bathes in the soil" will certainly repeat the fate of his parents and grandparents. Year after year, generation after generation, the situation of farmers has not changed at all. When reading aloud, you should choose a low, depressed tone and a slow rhythm to read out the pain and bitterness of the peasants in old China and the sympathy and indignation of the poets! Look at He Jingzhi s Guilin Landscape Song again;
God in the clouds, fairy in the fog,
The mountains in Guilin are the realm of immortals!
As deep as love, as beautiful as a dream,
Love is like a dream, the water of Lijiang River!
How much do water and mountains weigh?
Water surrounds mountains and Guilin City. ...
How charming and lovely this country is,
Let my white hair never grow!
Jiangshan people are proud of it.
Let me stay young forever!
This is a beautiful poem that praises the magnificent rivers and mountains of the motherland. It not only shows the beauty of Guilin's landscape, but also expresses the poet's feelings of loving Guilin and the motherland, which makes people feel the vigorous atmosphere of the times. When reading aloud, we should read the poet's mountains and rivers and the heart of the motherland with full enthusiasm, cordial tone, relaxed rhythm and lively rhyme.
Starting with reading new poems, insisting on reading training and developing good reading habits will play a good role in cultivating students' literary interest and improving Chinese literacy.
Let's talk about reciting skills first:
1, understanding poetry is the basis of reciting.
Poetry, whether it is metrical poetry or free verse, whether it is lyric poetry or narrative poetry, is by no means moaning and playing with words, but is based on feelings and events. So what does the poet "feel"? As readers and reciters, we should experience, ponder and understand. Only when you understand the content of the poem can you express and play it when you recite it. So I said: understanding poetry is the basis of reciting. For example, petofi's I Will Be the Rapids. This poem shows the yearning for beautiful love and the sincerity of giving everything for love. Then, when reciting this poem, we must highlight the hero's upright character and unswerving pursuit of love. The first half of each paragraph is high-pitched and the second half is soothing. Guo Xiaochuan's "Qiu Ge" takes autumn as the theme and shows the vast autumn scenery of the motherland. From the pine trees along the coast to the osmanthus flowers in the south of the Yangtze River, from the horses on the grassland to the green hills in the northeast, the poet painted a magnificent picture with a panoramic view.
2. Grasping feelings is the premise of reciting.
Everyone has feelings (unless there is no soul), or love or hate, or laugh or cry, or happy or sad, and so on. As we said before, poetry is caused by feelings and events, and poets have the richest feelings. Therefore, it is particularly important to grasp the feelings of the original poem and the feelings of reciting the poem. How to grasp? First of all, we should understand the content of poetry, second, we should grasp the theme of poetry, third, we should appreciate the poet's feelings, and then we should integrate our own feelings for artistic reprocessing, so as to make poetry reading full of poetry and fascinating. For example, Ke Yan's Premier Zhou, Where Are You, His Homesickness and Chen Yi's meiling three chapters have completely different feelings. Be careful when reciting.
Therefore, poems with different emotions should be recited with different emotions. As we all know, Su Shi and Liu Yong are both great poets (poets) in the Song Dynasty, and they represent the bold and graceful school respectively. Because of the difference in style and artistic conception, there is a legend that Su Shi once asked corporal Mu when he was in charge of Hanlin bachelor: "What is my character like Liu Qi?" The captain of the curtain replied, "Liu Langzhong's words are only 178 girls, holding a red tooth plate,' Feng Xiao of Yang Liuan can hold the moon', and his bachelor's degree must be a Kansai man, singing' Never Return' with a copper pipa and iron plate".