Appreciate the ideological content of classical poetry - understand common allusions
1. Writing: "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" records: Ban Chao came from a poor family and made a living by copying documents for the government. He once lamented in writing that he would follow the example of Fu Jiezi and Zhang Qian in their meritorious service on the border and gain titles and titles. Later, "throwing a pen" meant abandoning literature and embracing martial arts. For example, Xin Qiji's "Shui Diao Ge Tou": If you don't learn Ban Chao's writing, even if you are a prince thousands of miles away, you will live in a haggard Bianzhou.
2. Great Wall: "The Biography of Tan Daoji in Southern History". Tan Daoji was a general in the Southern Song Dynasty. He had great power and was jealous of the emperor and his ministers. Later, when Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty took the opportunity to kill him, Tan Daoji said angrily: "I am destroying your Great Wall!" Later, he used "Great Wall" to refer to the generals guarding the border. For example, Lu You's "Book of Anger": "I have been silent for a long time, and I have been silent for a long time, and my faded temples are already stained in the mirror."
3. Loulan: "Book of Han" records that King Loulan was greedy for money and killed Han envoys to the Western Regions many times. Later, Fu Jiezi was sent as an envoy to the Western Regions to plan to kill King Loulan and make meritorious service to the country. From then on, poets often used "Loulan" to refer to enemies on the border, and "broken (killed) Loulan" to refer to achievements. For example:
Wang Changling, marching from the army
The snow-capped mountains are covered with long clouds in Qinghai, and Yumen Pass can be seen in the distance. Yellow sand wears golden armor in a hundred battles, and Loulan will never be returned until it is broken.
(1). Specific analysis, why is the sentence "Yellow sand wears golden armor in a hundred battles" so summarizing?
(2) The first and second lines of this poem describe the scene. What is the role of showing the ambition of the border guards?
Read Li Bai's "The Song of Saixia" to answer the questions that follow.
Song Xia Li Bai
It is snowing in the mountains in May, there are no flowers, only cold. I hear broken willows among the seedlings, but I have never seen the spring scenery.
The war at dawn follows the golden drum, and I sleep in the jade saddle at night. I am willing to put my sword down from my waist to kill Loulan.
Note: Zheliu: That is, "Zheyangliu", the name of ancient music, mostly expressing sadness for spring and separation.
What emotion does this poem express? Please choose a couplet or an angle to talk about the beauty of the language or expression technique of this poem.
4. Bending one's waist: "Song Book Biography of Hermitage" records that Tao Yuanming once served as the magistrate of Pengze County, but he abandoned his official position and returned to seclusion because he refused to "bend one's waist to a village boy for five buckets of rice." "Bend one's waist" means to bow down and bow down. Later, it was used as a metaphor for bending one's body to serve others, but poets often use it contrary to its meaning. For example, Li Bai's "Dream Wandering in Tianmu Ridge to Leave Farewell": "An Neng can destroy his eyebrows and bend his waist to serve the powerful, making me unhappy?"
5. Huabi: According to "Zhuangzi Foreign Things", Chang Hong was a member of the Zhou Dynasty The virtuous minister was innocently convicted and was exiled to Shu. After he committed suicide in Shu, the locals hid his blood in a jade box. Three years later, the blood turned into jasper. Later, people often used "Huabi" to describe upright and upright people who were wronged and wronged for the cause of justice.
6. Hongyan: "Han Shu Su Wu Biography", the Xiongnu Chanyu deceived the Han envoys, Chen Suwu was dead, and the Han envoys deliberately said that the Han emperor shot a swan goose flying from the north while hunting, and its feet There is a silk book tied to it, written by Su Wu. Chanyu had no choice but to let Su Wu go. Later, "red goose", "yanshu", "yanzu", "yuyan", etc. were used to refer to letters and messages. For example, Yan Shu's "Poverty and Joy": "The small characters on the red paper tell the story of ordinary business. The red geese are in the clouds and the fish are in the water. It is difficult to convey such melancholy."
7. Ruler: "Drinking Horses at the Great Wall" by Ancient Yuefu "A Visit to the Cave": "A guest came from afar and left me a pair of carp. I asked the boy to cook the carp, and there was a ruler in the book." Later, "Chisu" was used as a proxy for letters. For example, Qin Guan's "Traveling on the Shasha": "The post sent plum blossoms, and the fish passed the ruler's rope, and the countless hatreds were built up. The Chenjiang River fortunately circled Chenshan Mountain, but for whom did it flow down to Xiaoxiang?"
8 , Qingluan: According to the "Xianhai Jing", every time the Queen Mother of the West travels, she first asks a Qingluan to report the news. Later generations used "Qingluan" and "Qingniao" to refer to the person who delivered the letter. For example, Li Shangyin's "Untitled": "There are not many ways to go to Pengshan, and the blue birds are diligent to visit."
9. Double Carp; Ancient Yuefu's "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Grottoes": "Visitors come from far away, I left a pair of carp, called the boy to cook the carp, and there is a ruler in it." Later, "double carp" was used as a synonym for the letter. For example, Li Shangyin's "Send to Linghu Langzhong"; "Hao Yun Qin Shu has been away from home for a long time, and the two carps are far away from each other with a paper book."
10. Five Willows: Tao Yuanming's "The Biography of Mr. Wu Liu" contains: There are five willow trees beside the house. , because the number is Yan. Later, "Wu Liu" became a synonym for the hermit. For example, read Wang Wei's "Wangchuan Residence Presents Pei Xiucai Di" and answer the question:
Wangchuan Residence Presents Pei Xiucaidi Di by Wang Wei
The cold mountains turn green, and the autumn water flows day by day. Leaning outside the firewood gate, listening to the evening cicadas in the wind.
The sun is still setting over the ferry, and the lonely smoke is rising in the ruins. The negative value makes the father drunk, and he sings wildly in front of the five willow trees.
① What are the characteristics of the scenery described in this poem? The first couplet and neck couplet of this poem describe the scene. What kind of picture does the poet paint?
② Briefly analyze the characteristics of the characters depicted in the chin couplets and tail couplets respectively.
③ What kind of thoughts and feelings does the whole poem express in describing scenes and people?
④ The last couplet uses two allusions. The poet compares to and then to , which represents the poet and his friends.
11. Dongli: Tao Yuanming's "Drinking": "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan." Later, "East Li" was often used to express the pastoral life or elegant sentiments after resigning from office and retiring into seclusion. For example, Li Qingzhao's "Drunk Flower Yin": "After dusk when I drink wine in Dongli, there is a faint fragrance filling my sleeves."
12. Three Paths: Tao Yuanming's "Returning to Xi Ci" contains the sentence: "Three Paths are deserted, but the pines and chrysanthemums still exist." Later, "Three Paths" was used to refer to the place where hermits lived. place. For example, Bai Juyi's "If You Want to Divinate Your Neighbors with Yuan Ba, You Have a Gift First": "The bright moon is the same as the three-path night, and the green poplars are suitable for spring for two families."
13. Lao Ge: This refers to seeing off guests at Lao Lao Pavilion. Songs sung. The old site of Laolauting is in Nanjing, which was a famous farewell place in ancient times. "Lao Ge" later became the synonym for farewell song.
Read Xu Hun's "Farewell to Xie Ting" and answer the questions that follow.
Xie Ting bids farewell to Xu Hun
A song of labor explains boating, red leaves, green mountains and rapids. At dusk, people are far away from the drunkenness. The sky is full of wind and rain, and I go down to the west building.
(1) What role does the word "ji" in the second sentence play in describing the scene and expressing emotions?
(2). The two or four sentences of this poem describe the scenery in different tones. Are the characters in the same mood?
(3). What kind of feelings does the author express in the poem?
14. Long Pavilion: In ancient times, a long pavilion was set up about ten miles apart and a short pavilion was set up five miles away on the road for tourists to rest and say goodbye. Later, "Changting" became synonymous with the farewell place. For example, Liu Yong's "Rain Lin Ling": "The cicadas are mournful, it is late in the pavilion, and the showers have begun to stop."
15. Nanpu: Qu Yuan's "Ci Chu Ci He Bo": "Send the beauty to Nanpu." Nanpu " Referring to the waterfront in the south, ancient people often bid farewell to relatives and friends in Nanpu, and later it was often used to refer to the place of farewell. Bai Juyi's "Farewell to Nanpu": "Farewell to Nanpu is sad, and the west wind curls up in autumn. "
16. Yangguan: Wang Wei's "Sending the Yuan Dynasty to Anxi"; "The morning rain in Weicheng is light and dusty, and the guesthouses are green and willows are new." I advise you to drink a glass of wine and leave Yangguan in the west without any old friends. Later, the songs sung when saying goodbye were called "Besieged City" and "Yangguan".
17. Liu'an: The ancients had the custom of folding willows when bidding farewell. Later, "Liu'an" was used to refer to farewell. Place. For example, Liu Yong's "Yulin Ling": "Where to wake up tonight, the dawn wind will fade by the willow bank." "
18. Coquettish; originally refers to "Guo Feng" in "The Book of Songs" and "Li Sao" in "Chu Ci", and later generally refers to excellent literary works or literary talent. For example, Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Chun" : "Qin Emperor and Han Wu were slightly less talented in literature; Tang Zong and Song Zu were slightly less elegant. "
19. Carving insects: The words come from Yang Xiong's "Fayan" of the Han Dynasty: "When a boy carves insects and seals, he does not do anything for his husband." "Later, it was used as a metaphor for trivial technology, mostly referring to literary skills.