The five poems about returning to the garden and living in the fields are an indivisible organic whole. The reason why this is so is not only because the five poems respectively focus on the aspects of resigning from officialdom, gathering relatives and friends, enjoying farming, visiting old friends, and enjoying the night. It depicts the poet's rich and fulfilling secluded life, and more importantly, in terms of the emotions he expresses, this set of poems runs through this group of poems with a natural and enjoyable nature. Although there are emotional turmoils in the poems, There is a turning point, but the joyful and optimistic bright color shines through the whole article.
Some commentators are happy to praise Yuanming's chest as "not sticky at all", but in fact, there is still some "sticky" . Take Yuanming's "Return and Lai Ci" written when he resigned from office, doesn't it also contain the sentence "Xi melancholy but only sad"? That is to say, there is always a sense of melancholy in his heart. .A truly pure soul is not born (although the poet repeatedly declares that he "has little adaptability to vulgar charm, and his nature loves mountains and hills"), but gradually becomes clear in the process of constantly filtering out impurities in thoughts. .
Just as a person does not want to touch the hidden pain in his heart, the poet is also very reluctant to mention the dirty officialdom that he has just escaped from in "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields". It's a bit regretful to blame oneself. And "I've been away for thirty years" refers to the time from the age of 29 when I "went to Lei to study as an official" to the age of 41 when I said "How could I bow down to a village boy for fifty buckets of rice?" Resigning as magistrate of Pengze County has been a period of ups and downs for thirteen years. However, today I finally got my wish, and I feel relieved at this moment.
"The square house has more than ten acres and eight or nine thatched houses." It is filled with a kind of affection that the hometown is still the same, "I love my house". "The elms and willows shade the back eaves, and the peach and plum trees in front of the hall." The shadows of the elm and willow trees behind the eaves are whirling, and the ground is covered with thick shade. The breeze calms the anxiety in the poet's heart. The peach and plum blossoms in front of him are flourishing and posing in front of the hall, which arouses much joy in the poet's heart. The poet is exchanging feelings with the ignorant plants and trees. Looking far into the distance, the smoke from the cooking pot blends into the dusk. He listens carefully, and vaguely hears the barking of dogs and the crow of chickens. There are piles of cases in front of his eyes. Ji's documents and files disappeared, replaced by his beloved "Qingqin" and "Strange Books". Ji Kang wrote "There are many things in the world, and the pile of files is full of Ji", "Guests are sitting there, the sound is loud, the dust is noisy, and the place is smelly, "Thousands of tricks" ("Book of Severing Diplomacy with Shan Juyuan") is regarded as the reason why he is not worthy of being an official. Here, the poet also seems to use the word "chenza" intentionally or unintentionally. He tells us that he used to suffer from There is nothing to deal with the "Dust Web", and there will never be anything again. In this sense, it does feel a bit like an "empty room"; but there is reality in the emptiness, and he starts over and makes arrangements entirely by himself. A controlled life.
"After being in a cage for a long time, you can return to nature." "Long" and "thirty years" reflect each other, "cage" and "dust net" reflect each other, and "nature" and "nature" "Mirroring each other," the word "hui" points out the joy of "returning from the soul". Yes, officialdom has eroded half of his life and tarnished his "purity", but today, after all the hardships, the poet has finally been relieved. The compensation is the poet's heartfelt cheer, finally breaking free from the shackles of the cage, like a bird, returning to the mountains and forests, gaining freedom, and bidding farewell to official life. This conclusion is the finishing touch, echoing the beginning, and expresses the poet's noble ambition and dissatisfaction with the dark reality.
The whole poem (Part 1) is based on lyricism and includes descriptions of rural scenery. It also uses "birds" and "fishes" as metaphors, which fully expresses the poet's love for the free and simple rural life. A feeling of contempt for the ugly official life. The scenes blend together, the language is simple and unpretentious, and the dialogues are very natural. Readers can not only see rural fields, houses, elms, willows, peaches and plums, smell dogs barking and roosters crow, but also see a free and easy poet speaking to This tranquil pastoral scene sings the inner voice of "after being in a cage for a long time, we can return to nature".
"There are few people and things in the wild, and there are few people in the back streets." I think these two sentences should be understood in reverse: "In order to find rare people and things, I came to the wild, and in order to avoid social media, I lived there." "Into a back alley". Please note that this is not an objective narrative, but a subjective choice. The poet retreated from the officialdom to the "wilderness", and from the "wilderness" to the "back alley", "the sun covers the bushes" , and sitting in the room in silence, "no thoughts about wine". He took precautions at all levels, avoiding the world for fear that it would not be too far away, forsaking friendship for fear of not being able to do so, and abandoning worldly worries for fear of not being able to do so. Is the poet too lonely and even a little inhumane? No, the poet seems to intend to dispel people's misunderstanding, and opens up his own life and spiritual world for us:
"When the market returns, people come and go, wearing grass." Although he has no The "three paths" are designed, but there are frequent exchanges of colleagues. "There is no gossip when we meet, but the road is long." They have a favorite topic.
Life in the countryside is simple. Even poor, quiet and even lonely. However, it is also such an environment that enables people to acquire a unique language and cultivate a simple and sincere feeling. "Hearing many honest people makes you happy to count the mornings and evenings. ."("Migration") The poet did not hesitate to live in poverty, and his children were "young and hungry" ("With Ziyan and others"), and it is this true love between heaven and earth that he is pursuing.
New My life begins with working hard to wash away the humiliation of being trapped in an official career. Maybe it is because of the constraints of my official position and my physical decline. Maybe it is because I have been away from the countryside for a long time, and my agricultural skills are a bit neglected. "The grass is full of beans and the bean sprouts are sparse", and the farming is not good. . What is revealed here is a feeling of self-ashamedness and self-encouragement. "In the morning, I came back to clean up the waste and filth, and returned home with a hoe in the moonlight." Just looking at the time, we can also see the poet's great determination and hard work. He cleared it up. It also clears away the distracting thoughts in my heart. After removing the weeds, I feel relieved and realize that I am still the me who "loves hills and mountains by nature", and I am still the me who is happy and capable of farming. Returning from hoeing at night, he felt proud and looked up at the bright moon in the sky. The poet was like a victorious soldier. There was hard work, but it was this hard work that gave him great spiritual satisfaction. "Wish" means to return to seclusion. Pastoral, do not conform to the secular world. The desire to live in seclusion and farm. Don't want to sell your soul for glory and wealth.