Treat my sister-in-law with courtesy and be very close to my brother. His family has never seen him lose his temper, and his diet is not very picky, but he seldom eats.
Someone once tried to put ink into his soup, but Ziming just took a bite. Asked why he didn't drink soup, he said, I don't like meat.
Later, he put ink in his rice. He said, I don't want to eat today. You prepare porridge. Independent and self-reliant, he rarely buys land and houses, lest future generations fall into an unjust situation of competing for property.
When Zi Ming was seriously ill, he warned his descendants that our family has always been spread by reputation. After my death, you should be thrifty, keep your family style, don't waste everything, and don't give me a grand funeral. Classical Chinese translation refers to the translation of ancient languages such as classical Chinese and ancient poems into modern common words.
Among them, ancient Chinese translation can be divided into literal translation and free translation. Translation methods: Literal translation and free translation There are two ways to translate ancient Chinese: literal translation and free translation.
1. Literal translation The so-called literal translation refers to the method of equivalent translation according to the words and sentences of the original text. It requires loyalty to the original text, meticulousness and accurate expression of original intention.
For example, Fan Chi invited him to study crops, and Confucius said, "I am not as good as an old farmer." Fan Chi asked to learn how to grow crops.
Confucius said, "I am not as good as an old farmer." Please learn to be a nursery.
Confucius said, "I am not as good as the old nursery." (The Analects of Confucius Lutz)? I have to study and grow vegetables.
Confucius said, "I am not as good as an old vegetable farmer." The above translations are closely related to the original text, and the words are implemented, and the syntactic structure is basically the same as the original text.
However, literal translation cannot be simply understood. Due to the differences in writing, vocabulary and grammar between ancient and modern Chinese, it is necessary to make some appropriate adjustments or add words to the original text when translating today.
For example, one by one, three Zhou Hua don't pay attention. (Battle of Qi and Jin) Translation: [Jin Army] Chased the Qi Army and circled the Chinatown Mountain three times.
In translation, the omitted subject "March" is added before "catch up", and the adverbial "three" is adjusted to complement according to the expression habits of modern Chinese. If you stick to the original text and translate it into "chasing them, circling China three times and not paying attention to the mountains", it will not meet the requirements of "reaching"
2. About free translation The so-called free translation refers to a modern translation method that carries out overall translation on the basis of a thorough understanding of the original content to reflect the charm of the original. This method is often used to translate poetry.
For example, in the original text,,,, Yuhang, left and right blade injuries. Bury two rounds, trip four horses, and beat drums with jade mallets.
The sky darkened, the gods' angry majesty, cruel killing, and the body abandoned Ye Yuan. The battle broke through chaos, and four horses were on board, one dead and one injured.
Buried two wheels, I couldn't understand the reins of the horse's head, and the drums were drumming. It's getting dark, and the Ghost Cry God, leaving no one behind, died in battle.
(Guo Moruo's modern translation of Qu) From the above translation, we can see that free translation does not insist on the equivalence between words and sentences, but focuses on expressing the content of the original text as a whole, striving to reflect the charm of the original text, and the translation method is more flexible and free than literal translation. However, for learning classical Chinese, we should insist on practicing modern translation with literal translation. Only in this way can we effectively improve the reading level of classical Chinese.
The concrete methods of literal translation of ancient Chinese mainly include translation, transfer translation, addition translation, deletion translation and reservation. 1. Translation is word-for-word translation according to the word order of the original text.
This is the most basic method and the first step of literal translation. For sentences with the same word order and syntactic structure in ancient and modern Chinese, it is not necessary to change the word order of the original sentence when translating today, as long as the words in the original sentence are selected from modern Chinese.
The strange stone attacked me. Male will play, Cao Gui, please see.
(Cao Gui debate) The Qi army attacked our country. Zhuang Justice wants to fight, and Cao Gui asks to meet him.
The advantage of translation is word for word, which can avoid missing translation, which is a common problem for beginners in learning. Because there are many similarities between the sentence structures of ancient Chinese and modern Chinese, we should translate them as much as possible.
Only when the translation is difficult or the meaning expression after translation is not clear enough and the sentences are not fluent, can the appropriate adjustments be made by adding and shifting. 2. Tone shift means that some word orders and expressions of ancient Chinese are different from those of modern Chinese, and translation should be based on the expression habits of modern Chinese.
For example, (1) Original: A small country that is not suitable for it will not tolerate women. Don't go to a small country, it can't hold you.
Adjustment: Don't go to a small country, which can't accommodate you. (2) Original: Who did it? Who told you to listen? (Bao Ren by Sima Qian) Jiang's translation of Plum: Who do you work for? Who told me to do this? Adjustment: Who do you work for? Let who listen to me? (3) Original: Li Qihou.
(The Battle of Qi Jinyun) Translation: Li Xia drove to Qi Hou. Adjustment: After the summer blooms.
(4) Original: Jin Hou drank Zhao Dun wine. (Duke Ling of Jin is not a gentleman) Translation: Jin Hou drinks Zhao Dun wine.
Adjustment: Jin Hou let Zhao Dun drink. (5) Original: Mr. Wang is not ashamed. Are you interested in taking responsibility for Xue? Mr. Shame, are you deliberately trying to collect debts from Snow Emperor for me? Adjustment: Mr. Wang is not ashamed to ask questions, and even plans to collect debts from my junior for me? The "female" in the example (1) is a prepositional object, and should be moved to the back of the verb "Rong" in translation.
"Who" and "Who" in Example (2) are interrogative pronouns as prepositions, which should be moved to the back of the preposition "Wei" and the verb "Ling" in translation. The "Yu Qi Hou" in Example (3) is also a special verb-object relationship. The object is not the object of behavior, but the verb moves for the object, and the word order in translation should be adjusted to "catch up".
Example (4) The verb-object relationship between "cause" and "Zhao Dun" is unique in the causative usage of ancient Chinese. Translated today, the word order should be adjusted to "Let Zhao Dun drink". Example (5) The word "shame" is a conative usage, and the word "Yu Xue" is a complement, so it should be adjusted as an adverbial in translation.
3. Supplement refers to the places omitted or expressed in ancient Chinese, and necessary supplements should be made when translating today. For example, the original text was full of enthusiasm, and then it declined. The first drum is used to boost morale, and the second drum is used for health. Supplement: The first drum is used to boost morale, and the second drum is used to.
2. How to translate the classical Chinese Wang Jiafeng, whose name is Wang Jiafeng?
Treat my sister-in-law with courtesy and be very close to my brother. His family has never seen him lose his temper, and his diet is not very picky, but he seldom eats.
Someone once tried to put ink into his soup, but Ziming just took a bite. Asked why he didn't drink soup, he said, I don't like meat.
Later, he put ink into his rice. He said, I don't want to eat today, so you can prepare porridge. Independent and self-reliant, he rarely buys land and houses, lest future generations fall into an unjust situation of competing for property.
When Zi Ming was seriously ill, he warned his children and grandchildren that our family has always been spread by fame. You should be thrifty and keep the family style, and don't waste anything, and don't give me a grand funeral. Wang Jiafeng's way of keeping a house: keeping a house is tolerant (never picky about food); The adopted son is strict or "foresight" or "deep understanding of righteousness" or "frugality" (not buying land, making children and grandchildren compete for profits; When you are seriously ill, tell your children not to bury themselves and not to waste money; Admonish children to be frugal and simple); Understand ethics (less polite; Friendship with my brother); There are broad and strict.
Appreciation: the quality of a family's family style will directly affect the moral quality of the whole family. A good family style is worth inheriting. Only by passing it on from generation to generation can the original style be maintained without being destroyed. This type of door is worth emulating.
3. Wang, whose real name is (what kind of person is similar to the so-called dog leftovers in the past, which means good education).
Treat my sister-in-law with courtesy and be very close to my brother. His family has never seen him lose his temper, and his diet is not very picky, but he seldom eats.
Someone once tried to put ink into his soup, but Ziming just took a bite. Asked why he didn't drink soup, he said, I don't like meat.
Later, he put ink in his rice. He said, I don't want to eat today. You prepare porridge. Independent and self-reliant, he rarely buys land and houses, lest future generations fall into an unjust situation of competing for property.
When Zi Ming was seriously ill, he warned his descendants that our family has always been spread by reputation. After my death, you should be thrifty, keep your family style, don't waste everything, and don't give me a grand funeral.
Wang men advised brothers to translate classical Chinese. Xuancheng Wang brothers are at odds, so the analysis is still offset. Brother cattle calve and intermarry with relatives. Then another calf was born and the cow died. Qifu was born with his younger brother, and his younger brother and calf were put on the pasture. At night, two calves stay together in their brother's column, and the younger brother can't pull it out. Naturally, we live together, and we seem to know the same mother. Yu said to his brother, "If cows are still cows, can people be inferior to beasts?" My brother cried and was as friendly as ever.
Crane said: the two calves are reluctant to part, and the nature of things can be seen in the light. Brothers beat their chests and feet, moved, and human nature was discovered.
Translation:
The Wang brothers who live in Xuancheng don't get along well. Even if they are separated, there are still many contradictions. My brother's cow once gave birth to a calf and sold it to a relative. Later, after giving birth to a calf, the cow died. The calf born in front was sold to the younger brother by relatives. My brother and his calf are put together in the pasture. In the evening, two calves live together in their brother's cowshed. My brother wants to take his calf away, but he can't pull it out. From then on, the two calves spent the night in two houses in turn, never separated, as if knowing that they were born to the same mother. The elder brother said to the younger brother, "A calf can do this. Aren't people worse than animals? " The younger brother was moved to tears, and the two brothers were as friendly as ever.
Crane said: two calves are reluctant to go, which is the shining light of animal nature. Brotherhood suddenly rises, but the brilliance in human nature is flashing.
5. The translation of the forty-sixth biography of classical Chinese of Song Dynasty by Wang Sizong urgently seeks the original sentence.
1. There is Wolong King Temple in the state. Every poor winter, the temple closes its doors to offer sacrifices, because it is very cold because of the snowy weather. Old and young are in the Tao, and future generations want to destroy it.
2. (For Zhong Chengri) Knowing that Bai Song, Guo Zhi and Xing Bing were seventy years old, they repeatedly asked Zhenzong to stop them and sent relatives to mock them.
translate
1. There is a Wolong King Temple in Bingzhou. Every winter, the whole territory participates in sacrifices. It was very cold when the snow was mixed, and all ages fell on the side of the road. Wang Sizong immediately abolished this ritual.
To annotate ...
(1) poor winter: late winter; Deep winter.
(2) Sacrifice: This refers to attending sacrificial ceremonies.
(3) (bó): Fall forward. Generally refers to falling; Fall down.
(4) Urgent (jí): fast; Quickly (eagerly).
(5) Eliminate: abolish and eliminate.
2. (When Wang Sizong was a middle-level official) Bai Song, Guo Zhiyan and Xing Bing all angrily asked for retirement at the age of 70. He repeatedly asked Song Zhenzong to resign from their posts and sent his relatives to laugh at them.
To annotate ...
(1) Anger: Anger; resent indignantly
(2) Please be old: the official asked for retirement. "Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong for three years": "Qi Xi invites the old, Jin Hou asks for the heir." Du Pre-note: "Old official."
(3) Trouble: verbs and commandments; Shen Yu; Be careful.
(4) Hugh: Officials leave when they are old. Hugh, stop. Return; Go back.
(5) relatives: relatives. Originally refers to blood relatives within VI, and later refers to people who are related to themselves by blood or marriage.
(6) Sarcasm: Sarcasm.
6. Wang Songshi Hanchuan translated the classical Chinese biography of Wang Songshi Hanzhong.
original text
Wang Hanzhong was born in Pengcheng, Xuzhou. Less heroic, brawn, good shape and quality, good at riding and shooting. Jie Li wanted to call the account, but Han didn't go. Because of beating and killing a teenager in Lizhong, he died and recovered after spending the night. His father sent people to Xiaoxian to hunt him down. Han zhong refused to send him back to the west. Emperor Taizong of the Imperial Capital summoned Qi Qicai to take up the left and right positions in the official residence to make up for the command in front of the temple, only to know that he had moved to the inner hall. From gathering in Taiyuan, boarding first, moving in the eye, striving for urgency and strength, moving to the command of the east and west classes. Liu Jiyuan took people down to appease the city. Division also, change the front left class as commander, class three moved to the right class to wait, leading Zhuozhou secretariat. Yong Xi Zhong, in the head of the "ma bu" or horse stance just look. At the beginning of the end of the arch, he was an ambassador to Pennsylvania forever, deployed in Hebei and Bell, and moved to Tianxiong Army. In the second year of the Republic of China, Ma Jun, the bodyguard, was on standby, and Zhou Tao's observer and Levin Guanfu were dispatched. When the Khitan invaded the south, Han Zhong and other troops defeated it and beheaded many people. Zhenzong acceded to the throne and was recalled from Zhongshan. Russia's comeback is the deployment of Levin Guandu, and it is to lead the Wessee army to save time. In the third year of Chengping, Jingyuan Road, Huanqing Road and Wei and Ma Jun were deployed. At the same time, towns, Guanding Road and Levin Pass were deployed and three roads were arranged. Qidan plundered Zhongshan, and Han Zhong led the crowd to the wild, and Qidan fled, chasing many people and taking away his valuable generals. The deputy governor in front of the temple was added and the Baojing army was replaced. Five years later, he ordered Han Zhong to be deployed under the jurisdiction of Hehe, Li Yunzheng and Song Ling Gui Zhong, with 25,000 troops. Han Zhong was ordered to control separately. Call back for months, sitting in violation of the imperial edict, failed. He is in charge of Zuo Tunwei's appointment as a general, knowing the state and the state, and often giving money to two million more years. If you are not on the road, you will die suddenly. Given to Qiu, the eldest son worships the class from Kyrgyzstan as the cabinet door, and the second son is the official, and the benefit is around. Han Zhong is knowledgeable, cautious and very austere in military and political affairs. Every division will pay tribute to Japan: "I hope that the military and civilians will not violate our orders, and offenders will not lend." So, it is useless. Sex Congo, don't do small things, just have money and be happy. He is good at reading, can write poems quite well, likes Confucianism, treats Binzuo politely, and is extremely rich in noble families, so he is proud and disagrees with handsome people. (Excerpted from Biography of Wang Hanzhong in Song Dynasty)
Reference translation
Wang Hanzhong, whose real name is Jessie, is from Pengcheng, Xuzhou. When I was young, I was bold and unrestrained, and I had extraordinary brawn. I am tall and good at riding and archery. Gao Jichong, our time envoy from Xuzhou, wanted him to go to Li Shimin, but Wang Hanzhong refused to go. The boy in the village was killed because of a fight and ran away. One night, the victim came back to life, and his father sent someone to chase Xiao County. Wang Hanzhong refused to go back and went west to the capital. Taizong was in the palace, summoned him, admired his figure and strength, and put him beside him. After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, he was appointed as the commander-in-chief in front of the temple and rose to the inner hall many times. Wang Hanzhong went to Taiyuan with Emperor Taizong and took the lead in boarding the city. He was shot in the eye by a flowing arrow, and he fought more bravely. The emperor praised him and promoted him to the command of the East and West classes. After Liu Jiyuan surrendered, he used his men to appease the city. After Banshi returned to Beijing, he was appointed as the commander of the left class in front of the temple and was promoted to the right class three times. He is also the secretariat of Zhuozhou. During the reign of Emperor Yongxi, he was appointed as the head of the horse department. In the early years of Duangong, he became the Yong ying ambassador of Pennsylvania, stationed in Hebei and Zhou Bei, and moved to Tianxiong Army. In the second year of Duan Gong, he entered the DPRK as a bodyguard, Ma Jun was in danger, and Zhou Tao's observation envoy and Levin Guanfu were seconded. When the Khitans invaded the south, Wang Hanzhong joined forces to defeat them and killed many enemies. After he ascended the throne, Zhenzong was recalled from Zhongshan to the imperial court. Soon, Levin Guandu was released and deployed, and he was promoted to be our ambassador of Wessee. In the third year of Xianping, he was appointed as the peace envoy of Jingyuan Road and Huanqing Road, the commander-in-chief of the bodyguard Ma Jun, the deployment of Zhen, Guanding Road and Levinguan, and the ambassador of three roads. Qidan plundered Zhongshan, and Wang Hanzhong led people to meet them in the suburbs. The Khitans fled after defeat, and Wang Hanzhong led the troops to kill them and captured many of their important generals alive. Before the temple was sealed, the deputy governors and ambassadors also served as envoys of our Baojing Army. In the fifth year of Xianping, Wang Hanzhong was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the western front and deployed in two ways, while Yoon-Jung Lee and Song Ling were appointed as the commander-in-chief, commanding 25,000 soldiers guarding the border and delivering them to Wang Hanzhong for road separation control. A few months later, he was recalled to Beijing. Because he disobeyed the imperial edict, he was demoted to General Zuo Tunwei and became the magistrate of Xiangzhou. Besides the basic salary, he increased the supply of 2 million yuan every year. He died of a sudden illness before he went to work. As a posthumous gift to Qiu, his eldest son, Wang Congji, was the only waiting room in the inner hall, and his second son, Wang, was an assistant. Wang Hanzhong is knowledgeable and resourceful, and his military affairs are very clean. Every time he sent troops, he would burn incense and pray in the early hours of the morning, saying, "I hope my subordinates will not violate my orders, and offenders will not forgive." Therefore, there has never been any theft or robbery under his command. Strong and brave, informal, contemptuous of property, charitable. I like reading and write poems quite well. He likes Confucian scholars, treats Mubin officials politely and has a great reputation, so he is arrogant and his superiors don't like him very much.