First, look at the background.
Combined with the background of notes, quickly grasp the main contents of poetry: for example, the 2008 college entrance examination poetry appreciation question-
Spring is a matter (1) Li Mi-Xun.
Light rain is looking forward to spring, and falling flowers are near dusk. The car dust can't reach the ground, and the door is full of birds singing.
[Note] ① Li Mi-xun (1085- 1 153), a native of Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province), has served as a Sheren official of Zhongshu and assistant minister of the household department. He was dismissed because he strongly opposed Qin Gui's surrender policy. (2) Layout: refers to the empty place at the door. ?
On this issue, note 1 tells us that Li Misson was dismissed for trying to oppose Qin Gui's surrender policy; The second question asks the author what kind of emotion this poem shows, which is easy to cut into the background.
Second, look at the key language (title, ending poem, poetic eye).
The key language in ancient poetry, such as the title, ending verse and other words that indicate the eye of poetry, often directly reveals the information of the theme of poetry.
Third, look at the genre
If it is a narrative poem, we can start with the analysis of characters, then summarize the theme of the poem and appreciate the concise and vivid language of the poem.
If it is a philosophical poem, it is necessary to reveal the philosophy contained in the poem when summing up the theme, and analyze the expression method from the perspective of teasing things and expressing one's heart. A thousand hammers hew out of the mountain, and the fire burns idle. Not afraid of broken bones, leaving innocence in the world. )
If it is a lyric poem, we should understand the feelings expressed by the poet from the scenery (concrete nouns) written. When answering questions such as what are the advantages of writing like teasing, what kind of artistic techniques are used to ridicule, and how to appreciate this poem, we should consider whether to answer directly or indirectly (borrowing things to express feelings and blending scenes).
Fourth, look at the technique.
Lyric technique
(1) Express your feelings directly.
(2) Indirect lyricism
A expresses ambition with things (borrowing things to describe people) b borrows scenery expressions (things) c melts scenery.
Second, description skills.
① Contrast: Sketch the life picture of …, highlight the poet's feelings for …, or express his thoughts on life and society.
② Set off (set off, contrast, contrast)
(3) Rendering (describing the layout three times or more)
④ Combination of frontal description and profile description.
Three rhetorical devices
(1) allusion-borrowing fairy tales, historical figures' activities and ancient poems.
(2) Metonymy-implicit and euphemistic, expressing specific feelings.
(3) Metaphor-vivid image and emotional sustenance; Or language reveals the philosophy of life in simple words. Imagination, association and imagination are ingenious, outlining the picture of life or society.
(4) Pun-the implication, intriguing, implicit beauty.
Homophonic pun, implicit and interesting. If the sun rises in the east and clears up in the west, then the Tao is sunny (sentimental) but not sunny (sentimental). Semantic pun
5] personification, personification of scenery and things, vivid images and emotional sustenance; Or the scene blends, and things are integrated with me; Or borrow things than people, symbolizing.
[6] exaggeration, highlighting characteristics, strengthening feelings and enhancing appeal; Or create a strange artistic conception and express romantic feelings.
Thirdly, use a word to highlight a feature or an emotion.
Being asked, asking and answering, full of interest; Ask questions, enhance persuasion, and make people deeply awake.
(9) irony.
⑽ Intertextuality: Make participants write to each other, and see the text as it is. Specifically, it is a form: the upper and lower sentences or two parts of a sentence seem to say two things, but in fact they echo each other, explain each other, complement each other and say the same thing. For example, when teasing the Qin dynasty, the Han dynasty closed the moon, teased the smoke cage, teased me to open the Dongting door, I sat on the Xiting bed, and so on.
4. Other expressions: the combination of reality and reality.
Fifth, look at the image.
① willow tree
Teasing willow leaves a homonym. When the ancients bid farewell, they often folded willows to show their feelings of parting.
Li Bai recalled Qin E: the flute sounded like a swallow, and the Qin moth's dream was broken. Qin family, every year in the second quarter of the moon, the willow color by the bridge is printed with seven windows for farewell. land
⑵ Moon
Generally speaking, the moon in ancient poems is synonymous with homesickness. Li Bai thought at night: tease the foot of my bed, is there frost? Looking up, I found that it was moonlight and sank again, and I suddenly remembered home. land
⑶ Chrysanthemum
A symbol of loyalty and noble character. Tao Yuanming picked chrysanthemums under the east fence and leisurely saw the southern hills.
⑷ Plum blossom
The quality of being pure and clean and unwilling to go with the flow. Wang Anshi's plum blossom: it's not snow that makes people laugh, because it has a faint fragrance. land
5] Loose
Loyalty and noble qualities. Li Bai's Giving Books to Serve Huang Shang: I hope you are dissolute, but don't be a peach and plum. land
[6] Lotus
Because teasing lotus land is the same as teasing pity land, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poetry to express love. "Xizhou Qu" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: In the Southern Tang and Autumn, the lotus was teased, and the lotus was over the head; Bow your head and get lotus seeds, green as water. land
(7) Indus River
Indus is a symbol of desolation and sadness. Teasing the phoenix tree is even more raining, and at dusk, bit by bit (Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice").
Crazy
Rhododendron is a symbol of desolation and sadness. Song He Zhu's "Remembering Qin E": After three nights of teasing, the heart just shines like pear blossom snow; Pear blossom and snowy moon, sad, cuckoo crying blood. land
Levies partridge bird
The journey is hard and full of parting thoughts, such as sunset glow in the boundless autumn grass and partridges crowing in the land far away from people (Li Qunyu's "Smelling partridges on Jiuzi Slope" in Tang Dynasty), which makes the river sad late and the mountains smell partridges deep (Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man"? Book Jiangxi stoma wall ").
⑽ chilling
A synonym for sadness. The poem "Yulinling" by Liu Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, begins like this: It's chilling, the pavilion is late, and the shower is early. land
⑾ Hongyan
Wanderers are homesick, nostalgic and sad. For example, Xue Daoheng, a native of the Sui Dynasty, wrote "People miss home every day": after teasing, before thinking about flowers. In the land, listening to geese homesick at night makes them feel sick in the New Year (Ouyang Xiu's Play Answering Yuan Zhen). There are also letters referring to Hongyan, such as Make Wild Goose Don't Answer Me, Make River Paste Autumn Water (To Li Bai at the End of the Sky by Du Fu), Make Shuo Yan Pass a Book, and Make Huang Xiang Tears (Li Shangyin's Li Si).
⑿ Compare the maturity of plums to Chun Qing, who is a girl, like teasing the door to look back, but smelling plums (Li Qingzhao's "Dianjiang Lip"); Use floating clouds as a metaphor for wandering wanderers. If you tease me, I will think of you in the floating clouds, so I will think of me in the sunset (Li Bai's Farewell to Friends); Yuanyang, a loving couple, would rather be a Yuanyang than a fairy land if provoked to death (Lu, Tang Dynasty's "Ancient Meaning Chang 'an"); Lilac refers to melancholy or complex, such as teasing from Nanpu, worrying about seeing lilac knots (Tang Niuqiao's Thanksgiving Duo) and so on.
[13] snow and ice
Use the crystallization of ice and snow to compare the loyalty of the soul and the nobility of character. If you tease relatives and friends in Luoyang, if you ask questions, a piece of ice heart is in the jade pot. Land (Wang Changling's "Lotus Inn and Xin Jian Break Up")
[14] vegetation
Use the prosperity of vegetation to set off desolation and express ups and downs. If you let the spring breeze go ten miles, you will make the wheat green. Land (Jiang Kui's Yangzhou Slow)
⒂ Cao Fang.
In China's classical poems, this is like Bai Juyi's farewell to ancient grass: teasing wildfires will not completely consume them, and they will be tall again in the spring breeze. Sweet, they are an abandoned city with green eyes on the ancient highway. Land?
[14] crow
In China's classical poems, it is often associated with decadent and desolate things, such as Qin Guan's prescription: the sunset is outside, ten thousand points are in western Western jackdaw, and the water flows around the lonely village. Ma Zhiyuan's poem "Tian Jing Sha? Qiu Si: Teasing withered vines, old trees and weak crows. land
⒄ apes cry.
Appearing in poetry often symbolizes a sad feeling, such as Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain: Teasing Apes Sobbing in the Wide Air.
⒅ Qiangdi
A sense of sadness, such as Fan Zhongyan's "The Fisherman's Pride": a glass of turbid wine is brought home to Wan Li and Do not forget your initiative mind, Ran Yan, and the tube is full of frost. The shrill sound of the flute often makes recruiters cry.
Trick water
In China's ancient poems, it was associated with persistent sadness. Li Yu's words said: Just like a river flowing eastward is teasing you, how much sadness can you have. Di Qin Guan's Walking on Shakespeare: The sorrow is driven away, endless, and the distance is like spring water. land
⒇ Honghu Lake
Swan flies very high, which is often used to describe a person's lofty aspirations. For example, a swan was lured away and never came back, so it was banned by Wu (Liu Zongyuan, Erqing).
Sixth, the format of the answer.
1, opinions precede reasons.
When solving a problem, put forward your point of view first, and then state your reasons. Please look at the 2004 college entrance examination Zhejiang volume poetry appreciation questions and their reference answers:
Read the following words and then answer the questions.
Bodhisattva white
The flat forest is misty, and the cold mountain area is compassionate. When the color enters a tall building, someone upstairs is worried. The jade steps stand empty, and the birds fly quickly. Where is the return trip? The long pavilion is shorter.
Regarding the content of this word, some people think that it is a place that makes wanderers homesick, some people think that it is a place that makes homesick women look forward to going home, and some people think that it is both. What's your opinion? Please briefly explain the reasons.
Reference answer:
A.the vagrant misses his hometown. The former is an opinion, and the latter is a reason. A word or two is what the wanderer sees in front of him; Three to six sentences are about a wanderer touching the scene and imagining that his family is expecting his return; In the last two sentences, the wanderer lamented that the journey was far away and it was too late to go home, which added more sorrow.
B. I miss my wife and hope to go back to others. In the first film, I wrote that I was sad to see the evening scene; Five or six sentences are written about thinking of a woman standing on the jade steps and missing a wanderer when a bird returns; In the last two sentences, I think it is difficult for tourists to return to their hometown and lament that they will never meet again.
C. Both. The whole poem takes the mutual exaggeration of the homesickness of the wanderer and the longing for the woman's hometown as the main line, and conveys the feeling of teasing a kind of lovesickness.
2. Divide before closing.
When you answer a question, say it first, and then keep saying it. For example, answering the question of poetry appreciation in the 2003 national college entrance examination, one candidate answered like this:
Poetic eyes are funny places and funny places. The flowing spring water in the mountains, blocked by rocks, grunted like sobs, and the sun color shining on pine trees seemed to be cold because of the darkness of the forest. This paper analyzes the beauty of these two words in combination with poetry. First of all, it shows the quiet and lonely scene in the mountains concisely and vividly, and analyzes its beauty with the artistic conception of the whole poem. Always say it again. This answer analyzes its effect from the wonderful use of words.
3. Sum first and then score.
When answering a question, always say it first, and then say it separately. Please look at the poetry appreciation questions in Fujian Volume of the 2004 College Entrance Examination and their reference answers:
Read the poem of the following song and then answer this question.
Zhude autumn night
The night is sleepless, the autumn wind is clear, and the candle flowers are frequently cut to night. The bed is cold and full of phoenix trees, and the moon is bright where phoenix trees are missing.
There are no funny words in this poem, but there are funny words everywhere. Please find a word that best reflects the poet's feelings from three or four sentences, and briefly analyze how the poet created artistic conception in these two poems on the basis of the overall feelings of the whole poem.
Reference answer:
Make fun of it. The word "funny" not only describes the cool weather, but also the loneliness of the mood. First of all, I always say that writing from the moon in bed to the moon in the sky is a clever transition; Sadness, cold bed, moonlight shadow and phoenix tree all create a lonely artistic conception. Post-argument
Step 4 answer point by point
When answering questions, divide them into several points and list the answers. Please look at the 2004 college entrance examination Fujian volume poetry appreciation questions and their reference answers:. Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question. ?
Listen to Shu monk Zhuo playing the piano, Li Bai
A monk from Shu, with his green silk lute box, walked west down Mount Emei. When I hear the sound of Matsutani, I wave my hand at will.
I heard him in the clear stream, I heard him in the cold bell. Unconsciously, dusk enveloped the castle peak, and the autumn clouds were bleak, covering the dusk sky.
Note: ① Luqi: a famous ancient piano. (2) Running water: stirring mountain running water by allusions. ?
3 Frost Bell: Shan Hai Jing? According to Zhongshan Jing, there are nine bells in Fengshan, and the first frost rings.
Combined with the whole poem, talk about your understanding of the fourth part of ridicule. I think the mountains are getting dark and the autumn clouds are getting dark, and nothing has changed.
Reference answer: ① Write the scenery at the end of the song.
(2) Write the state that the author is immersed in the piano sound, and describe the charm of the piano sound from the side.
Seven. Detailed analysis of typical cases
Example 1
Read the following poem and then answer this question. (2004 National College Entrance Examination Volume 1)
Qiu Si Zhangji
The annual autumn wind blows to Luoyang city, and my wandering son doesn't know how his relatives in his hometown are; Writing a letter to peace has too much to say and I don't know where to start.
When the letter is written, I am worried that I have not finished what I want to say; When the messenger started, he opened the envelope and gave it to him.
Wang Anshi's style of commenting on Zhang Ji's poems is: it seems the most unusual and bizarre, but in fact it is easy and difficult to achieve. Briefly analyze what unusual details Zhang Ji wrote about his life and what feelings he expressed in this poem.
Analysis of this problem, I chose a common seven-character quatrain-Zhang Ji's Qiu Si, and quoted Wang Anshi's evaluation, which is also a hint. 6 points * * * two questions, the questions are clear. The first question is to sort out Zhang Ji's poems, which describe the "ordinary" details in life. Some candidates may be a little unfamiliar with the details of teasing. In fact, the last two sentences can't be said in a hurry. Pedestrians are in trouble, and Kaifeng is reflected in their ideological activities and actions-teasing and Kaifeng; The funny thing is, at least explain the meaning. The second question is what kind of emotion does teasing express? The question is common and simple, and students can easily answer it: the author opened the letter to see if there is anything missing in it, which was entrusted by pedestrians in a hurry to make up for it. There are a thousand words for fear of missing a sentence, which shows that the author attaches great importance to this funny book and misses his relatives in his hometown infinitely.
Reference answer: In the poem, the author wrote such an (unusual) detail: when the letter from home was about to be sent, he felt that he had something to say, so he was amused and opened it. The author stayed in Luoyang to watch the autumn wind rise, which made him deeply miss his relatives in his hometown, so he opened the envelope and wrote again.
Example 2
Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question. (Hubei Volume of College Entrance Examination in 2004)
Wang Wan, the next berth of Beibao Mountain.
Under the blue mountain, my boat and I meandered along the green water. On both sides of the tidal flat, there is no wind to stir my lonely sail.
... the night now gives way to the ocean of the sun, and Jiang Chunren was in the old year. I can finally send my messenger, the wild goose, back to Luoyang.
★ Beigushan, in today's Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, faces the Yangtze River in the north. This poem or title is Jiangnan Yi.
The second couplet of this poem teased the lost land on both sides of the beach, and some versions teased the land until the banks widened at low tide. Which word do you think is better, teasing lost land or widening land? Why? Explain the triple meaning and analyze the relationship between emotion and scenery.
analyse
Every word has its own beauty. It's not wrong to say which word is good, as long as you can experience this beauty more accurately. It is better to say "Funny Lost Land" because it vividly describes the subjective visual image of the river bank that seems to disappear because of the high tide. It is better to say the word "funny and wide" because it directly expresses the strong feeling that the spring tide has made the river endless, so the vision is very broad, and the tone seems to be louder when reading the word "funny and hanging". If a student speaks both words well and understands his own beauty more accurately, he should also be given extra points. The third link is that the red sun rises on the river in the dark, and the old year has not passed, and the river is full of spring. This couplet seems to write a scene, in which the homesickness of day and night reincarnation, seasonal changes, time passing and tourists not returning has been hidden. The first question is 2 points. Just say the advantages of the selected word, not the disadvantages of another word. If a student compares the high and low, or thinks that both words are good and reasonable, he should also give points. But only say which word is good, or both words are good, don't answer why, don't give points. The second question is 4 points. Explain the meaning of 2 points. The morning light is deducted as night scene 1 minute. You can't see the sea by boat in Zhenjiang. The ancient people used the word "teasing Haiti" differently from today's people, so it is not required here, so there is no penalty for teasing Haiti. 2 points for situational relationship analysis.
VIII. Training platform
1. Read the poem of the following song and then answer this question.
Ge Tianmin on the river
Even the sky and grass have been raining for a long time, winning the width of seagulls. Flowers bloom, the wind blows, and Liu Mian is powerless to protect the spring cold.
In this poem, the author skillfully uses the words "teasing" and "teasing". What do you think is smart? Please enjoy the whole poem briefly.
In the poem, the author describes the scene of spring and pays attention to refining words and expressing feelings. A mocking word, a mocking protection word, makes mocking wind and mocking Liu's words very interesting. When the flowers fall, let the wind save them, which shows the poet's retention of spring scenery; Let Liu Mian keep out the cold in spring, but Liu Mian can do nothing, which reflects the poet's frustration and helplessness. From the beginning, this poem closely follows the characteristics of spring rain, writes a vast space, and hints at the poet's leisurely life. The following is the personification expression of the poet's love for spring. This poem is novel in conception, accurate in language and lyrical in scenery.
Read the following two Tang poems and then answer this question.
Looking forward to the quatrains of spring (1)
Du Fu's Fu
I can't wake up when I see a guest's sorrow. Although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring.
Hooligans come to Jiangting in spring. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
That is, sending flowers for further study. After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold.
He taught Yingying to speak too Ding Ning. Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
(1) The above two poems with the same theme express the poet's thoughts and feelings.
It expresses the poet's worry about living in a foreign country because of suffering from chaos.
(2) Where the petals have fallen like tears, and the lonely bird sang her grief in "Spring Watch", and the teasing in "Jueju (I)" sent flowers for further study, so she taught Yingying to talk more about Ding Ning, and every sentence was written as teasing flowers and birds. Are these two poems expressed in the same way? Look, please talk about your opinion.
This is an open question, and students should be given points as long as they justify themselves. If they are the same, they all use the contrast technique of writing sadness and drama in the land music scene: in the opposition between emotion and scenery, more time is spent writing poets' troubles and worries; In other words, in the poem "Spring", the place where flowers and birds are teased and the poet's feelings have been integrated with tears and scenes, while in the poem "Jue", the place where flowers and birds are teased is ruthlessly compared with the place where poets are teased, and the place where scenery is compared with feelings, highlighting the place where the first sentence is teased. Or there are similarities and differences. ?
Read the following Tang poem, and then answer this question.
Wang Yongfeng Bo
The cool breeze in Su Su wakes me up. Drive away smoke and find a stream of households, and roll the fog out of the mountain.
There are no traces of the past and the future, and interests are like love. The sunset is quiet, and the sound is loose for you.
There are many poems praising the wind in past dynasties, such as Ode to the Wind by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Taizong, which are nothing more than fragrance, sleeve dancing and circling the beam. Please briefly describe your understanding of the idea of this poem and analyze in detail what skills are used in writing style.
(1) It's windy day and night, striving to benefit people and taking equality and universal benefit as the virtue. The poet's wind refers to people, holding things to express his ambition to make a brilliant future, and deliberately praising the noble character and diligent spirit of the wind.
(2) The activity of writing about the wind is to capture the dynamic scenes in the wind, such as driving away smoke, rolling fog, stirring and so on, and make an anthropomorphic description. She went in and out of the mountain stream, driving away smoke and fog, bringing refreshing pine trees that blew the mountains and played a wonderful movement for people. The image of the wind is vividly portrayed.
4. Read the following poem and answer the questions
Early winter night drink ① Du Mu
Huaiyang sick couple courted, and the guest sleeves invaded the frosted candle tray. Build by laying bricks or stones pear a pile of snow, who will look at the railing next year?
[Note] (1) This poem was written in the second year of Huichang. Du Mu was excluded, released to Huangzhou, and moved to Chizhou and Zhou Mu.
2 Huan: refers to wine. "Yilin" entertains people with wine and worries people with joy. land
Q: What kind of poet does the second sentence describe? How does the last sentence express the poet's feelings?
The second sentence describes the image of a poet who drinks himself by candlelight and is lonely and depressed.
The last sentence is about the poet's uncertain hardships, his yearning for his hometown, his indignation at the failure of his career, and his dull pain in his efforts.
5. Read the following poem and then answer this question.
Shuikou boating song? Chu Hsi
Last night, when it rained on a boat, the whole river was stormy. At present, only looking at the test paper, there are still many green mountains and trees.
(1) This poem is about the experience and feelings of a boat on the river, and the poet's emotional changes are full of layers. Please analyze it with specific words.
How to tease the night and write the worries in the poet's heart? The teasing paper depicts the poet's mood of hope and doubt. Funny still reveals the poet's infinite joy.
(2) What artistic techniques are used in this poem to see the picture depicted by the poet, which contains the philosophy of life. Please taste it carefully and tell me your opinion.
Use the scenery to express feelings (or tease feelings in the scenery, tease feelings) to contrast (or tease contrast and echo).
Wind and rain are always temporary, wind and waves will eventually subside, green mountains and green waters are eternal, and the vitality of all beautiful things is unstoppable after all. Otherwise, the road of life will never be smooth. As long as you go upstream and fight the wind and rain, you can reach the ideal realm of green mountains and green waters and enjoy the fun of victory.