Ancient literary movement
Later generations called Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Su Xun, Ceng Gong, Ouyang Xiu and Wang Anshi as the eight masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and respected him as the first of the eight masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Du Mu juxtaposes Korean with Du Fu, which is called "Du Han Shi Bi"; Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature." The ancient prose movement advocated by Liu Han opened up the development path of ancient prose since the Tang Dynasty. Korean poetry strives for novelty, emphasizing momentum and originality. Taking prose as poetry, Han Yu introduced the new language, rules and techniques of ancient China into the poetry circle, which enhanced the expressive function of poetry, expanded the field of poetry, and corrected the mediocre poetic style since Dali (766 ~ 780). Han Yu actively led the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty and achieved great success. The so-called ancient prose movement is to change the parallel prose style since the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties and restore the prose style in the pre-Qin era. Han Yu pushed the ancient prose movement to a new stage. The purpose of Han Yu's promotion of ancient prose is: "also based on ancient roads." Revitalize Confucianism and restore the "holy way" with ancient prose. Han Yu believes that "literature carries Tao", literature and Tao must be organically combined, and Tao should be paid attention to first, "at the end, it is profound, big and loud". Han Yu put forward the theory of "people speak first" based on "things can't be flat" Han Yu believes that we should learn from ancient sages in style. However, we must "learn from its meaning, not from what it says." Han Yu also suggested that writing articles should "only talk about what is said", get rid of stereotypes and strive for innovation. Han Yu's leadership of the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty was successful. Since then, "ancient prose has changed greatly since the Tang Dynasty", changing the lewd style of writing. On this basis, Su Shi called it "the decline of Wen Qi in the Eight Dynasties". Han Yu's literary thought had a positive impact on the development of literary theory and practice in later generations.
Literary works
Han Yu's works are very rich, with more than 700 poems, including nearly 400 essays. Han Yu's prose and poetry creation realized his own theory. His works in various genres, such as Fu, Poetry, Argumentation, Saying, Biography, Recording, Ode, Praise, Book, Preface, Mourning, Inscription, Form, Form and Writing, have all made outstanding achievements.
Han Yu's prose is rich in content, diverse in forms, clear and concise in language, novel and vivid, which sets a good example for the ancient prose movement. Korean style is unrestrained, full of twists and turns. His prose works can be roughly divided into the following categories: essays, essays are more free and casual than essays, long or short, strong or harmonious, essays vary from place to place and have their own uses. For example, "Jin Xuejie" uses questions and answers for irony, and the full text uses rhetoric and prose for comparison and confrontation, so the writing is relaxed and lively. The most famous essays are those that mock reality and have sharp arguments, such as ZaShuo and Huo, which are lively and eclectic in form and have high literary value. The preface (that is, the preface to sending gifts) is concise and ingenious, which shows various feelings about the real society, such as Postscript of Zhang Zhongcheng's Biography, Preface to Sending Li Pangu, Preface to Sending Meng Dongye and so on. In addition, Han Yu also showed outstanding material narrative ability in biographies and epitaphs, such as Biography of Mao Ying and Epitaph of Liu Zihou. Biography, lyrical prose, and Han Yu's biographical writing inherited the tradition of Historical Records, portraying characters in narrative, and being handy in argument and lyricism. Zhang Zhongcheng's biography is a famous masterpiece. His lyric poem "Ode to Twelve Lang" is also a unique song in mourning poems, which has a strong lyrical color.
Han Yu is also a famous poet, whose artistic characteristics are mainly strangeness, heroism and strangeness. For example, Lu Hun's Rhyme of Mountain Fire and Huangfu, Poem of Eclipse, Yuchuan Self-made, etc. have strange and profound contents. Nanshan's poems, Yueyang Tower's four ambitions of fighting, Meng Dongye's lost son, etc. Very spectacular. However, while pursuing strangeness, Korean poetry tends to fill unfamiliar words and rhymes. Han Yu also has an unpretentious poem. Korean poetry is ancient and short, but there are also excellent quatrains. For example, in the Seven Laws, I moved to Languan to show my grandnephew, Answering Zhang's Eleven Palace Exercises, Titing Yiliang, Sending Zhang's Twelve Pavilions to Tongguan and Titing Chu Zhao Wang Dian, etc.