Children in Wufang made trouble in Chang 'an
Yongzhen innovated and performed a tragedy
Tang Dezong Li was emperor for twenty-five years and died at the age of sixty-four. 85.1 Guisi (23rd), Dezong collapsed
Prince Li Yong ascended the throne, which means Shunzong. 85.1 Jiawu (24th), the testamentary edict was announced in Xuanzheng Hall, and the prince served to see the officials; Bingshen (26), that is, the emperor is located in the Taiji Hall.
Li Yong has always been weak and sickly, and he has one particular problem, that is, he was speechless. He was emperor for more than seven months before and after, so he abdicated and gave the dragon throne to Prince Chun Li, which is Tang Xianzong.
These seven months have been called "the Year of Yongzheng Yuan" in history, but there is nothing else, but a famous "Yongzheng Innovation". This is a group of young and middle-aged officials headed by Wang Shuwen, who tried to reform some political and economic policies of the imperial court, but failed, and as a result, they staged a tragedy. Modern historians enthusiastically eulogized the "Yongzhen Innovation" and greatly affirmed it as an important political innovation movement. However, the records in Zi Zhi Tong Jian are basically negative, especially for the main characters such as Wang Shuwen and Wang Zuo. The situation is generally like this.
Wang Ai, a native of Hangzhou, is good at calligraphy, and Wang Shuwen, a native of Shanyin, can play Weiqi. They often accompany Li Yong, the prince of Dezong, as an academician, and they have a good relationship. At the beginning of 83.7, Hanlin was waiting for Wang Xi to write a letter and Shanyin Wang Shuwen was good at chess. They all went in and out of the East Palace to entertain the prince. Hey, Hangzhou people are also.
Wang Shuwen is smart and knowledgeable. He has time to talk with the prince about the way of governing the country and the sufferings of the people, and he is dissatisfied with the exploitation of the "palace market". The prince was very angry: "I want to report to my father and stop this unhealthy trend!" " 83.7 Uncle Wen is full of tricks, saying that he knows how to govern by reading, and he often speaks about the sufferings of the people for the Prince. The prince tried to talk about the palace market with the attendants and uncle Wen, and the prince said, "I want to say it to the extreme."
Everyone around you agrees, but Wang Shuwen doesn't: "If your Highness takes the liberty to say something, how will you explain it clearly if your Majesty suspects that you have bought people's hearts?" It's better to calm down and wait. " 83.7 Everyone praised him, but Uncle Du was speechless. When he retired, the prince kept his uncle's letter, saying, "If you are silent to the ruler, do you intend to be evil?" Uncle Wen said, "Uncle Wen is fortunate to have seen something, but he dared not hear it. The post of prince should be based on food and greetings, not foreign affairs. Your majesty has been in office for a long time, and if you suspect that the prince has won the hearts of the people, why should you explain yourself! "
The prince thinks it makes sense, and regards him as his own counselor, which makes him highly valued. 83.7 The prince was frightened and cried, "I don't know this, sir." So I loved my luck and attached myself to Wang Yi.
At that time, when Dezong was in power, he was old and confused. He could only listen to praise and hated criticism.
Jing Zhaoyin and Shi Li ingratiated themselves with the emperor, plundered it and paid tribute to the emperor as "envy". 83.3 Shi Li, Minister of Agriculture, and Jing Zhaoyin. In fact, the government is violent, and love it. Relying on the pride of kindness, recommending others, not worshiping officials, and slandering and expelling them all worked as scheduled, which made the scholar-officials look askance.
It happened that it was early in the morning, and the people had no life, but he reported that "although it was early, the seedlings grew very strong." Never reduce rent and tax. The masses tear down houses and sell tiles and wood, and some sell young crops, barely paying rent, which is very miserable. 83.12 Jing Zhao Yin Si asked for a gift from the Taoist king, saying, "Although it is dry this year, the seedlings are beautiful." Therefore, it is inevitable to rent taxes, and people are poor enough to sell tiles and wheat seedlings to lose their jobs. You Ren Cheng Fu Duan in the makeup performance, funny teasing, easy to sing a song: Qin city 2 years, when so cheap pastoral? A dump of wheat seedlings is five meters, and three rooms are two thousand yuan! (1)
shuowumi is five buckets of rice with one stone; Two thousand dollars is two dollars. Chang' an area is a treasure trove of geomantic omen in the capital. In order to pay taxes, people sell fields and houses, which is so cheap! Shi Li complained to Dezong: "Cheng Fuduan slandered the state affairs!" Immediately dragged down the temple steps, a punishment rod killed. 83.12 Excellent people become auxiliary ones, and they are ridiculed; Real play auxiliary libel, stick to kill.
Han Yu, the censor, wrote: "The people are poor, and this year's tax money, food and grass can't be paid. Wait until the broad bean and wheat are ripe next spring to give them a break." His opinion was not adopted, but was demoted to Yangshan (now Yangshan, Guangdong) as a county magistrate. 83.12 Monitor the suggestion of Han Yu, saying, "The people in Gyeonggi are poor, and those who have failed to collect taxes and grass and millet this year, please wait for silkworm and wheat next year." The more you sit down and demote Yangshan.
what the hell is Tang Dezong doing?
Wang Shuwen's worries and dissatisfaction are justified.
After Shunzong ascended the throne, he became hoarse and could not make any noise. He sat behind the curtain of the main hall, accompanied by eunuch Jong Li Yan and concubine Niu Zhaorong, and attended by hundreds of officials. It was Wang Shuwen who gave the idea. Often, Wang Shuwen passed the opinions to Wang Yi, and Wang Yi passed them to Li Zhongyan, and then announced them to the liegeman. 85.1 When Shun Zong lost his voice, he could not decide anything. He often lived in the palace and applied curtains, with Li Zhongyan and zhao rong Niu Shi around him. A hundred officials play things, and they can play them from the curtain. Since the beginning of Dezong, Wang entered first, saying that Wang Shuwen was summoned to sit in the Hanlin to make decisions. With uncle's meaning in words and advice, it is called a letter to the next line, and it is ignorant at the beginning.
As for the outside affairs, Wei Zhiyi, a bachelor of Hanlin, is in charge. 85.2 Take the friendship of Langzhong Wei in the official department as the matter of Zuo Cheng and Tong Ping Zhang. Wang Shuwen wanted to take charge of the state affairs, and he first took friendship as the phase, and used it for China to make peace with the phase.
There are several friends who are close to each other, such as Han Tai, Han Hua, Lu Chun, Lu Wen, Li Jingjian, Chen Jian, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi, and Ling Zhun and Cheng Yi. They are all enterprising middle-level Beijing officials. They collect reflections from all over the country and cooperate with the two kings, making a huge momentum. 83.7 Uncle Wen said because of the prince's words: "One can be a phase, and the other can be a general. Fortunately, it will be used in another day." Wei Zhiyi, a bachelor of Hanlin, and Lu Chun, Lu Wen, Li Jingjian, Han Hua, Han Tai, Chen Jian, Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi, who were famous scholars at that time, were regarded as dead friends. Ling Zhun, Cheng Yi, etc. are secretive because of their party's progress, Japan and travel, and there is no one who knows the end. Fan Zhen or Yin Jin Zi Coin, tied with it.
They think that they are in power, and they can change the status quo quickly, reward each other and be satisfied with their ambitions. [85.2] With Cheng Wang Xi in the temple as the left, he rode as a regular servant, and according to the former Hanlin, Wang Shuwen, the Suzhou Sigong, was the living shed and the Hanlin bachelor. I am ugly, Wu language, and I am insulted in the world; Uncle Wen, on the other hand, is quite self-confident, slightly aware of the meaning of the text, kind to say things, and a little respectful of it, so he can't go in and out without hindrance. Uncle Wen went to the Hanlin, but he went to the persimmon grove to see Li Zhongyan and Niu Zhaorong. Generally, uncle Wen followed his advice, followed his advice, and followed zhao rong's advice. Every time I went to the Hanlin in advance, I asked my uncle if he could write it, and then I announced it in the Chinese book, and Wei Zhiyi carried it out. Outside the party, Han Tai, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi and other leaders listened to foreign affairs. Seeking to negotiate and sing, day and night are like crazy, pushing each other's prizes, saying Iraq, Zhou, Guan and Ge, and being complacent, saying that there is no one in the world. Honor and disgrace advance and retreat, born in unexpected times, only what they want, informal program. Scholar-officials are afraid of it, and the road is to see. Those who return to the country will be allocated one time at a time, and the number of people will be divided by one day. Its party may say, "One can be an official," but in a day or two, it has been won.
Wang Shuwen's house is like a busy city day and night, and so are other houses. People who ask for an interview often live near restaurants in nearby neighborhoods. Because there are too many people, the hotel has long been crowded, and even a floor shop costs 1 yuan a night. Wang Lai was particularly obscene. He was greedy and accepted a gift. He made a big cabinet to store gold and silk, and the couple took turns guarding it, fearing that thieves would patronize him. Relatives and friends followed them with pride. [85.2] So Shu Wen and his party were at the door of more than ten homes, and they were busy day and night. When guests meet uncle Wen and Xi, they will stay in the bakery and wine cellar in their workshop, and each person will get a thousand dollars, which is acceptable. It's especially obscene. It's dedicated to taking bribes, and it's a big storehouse for storing gold and silks, on which couples sleep.
Thanks to Shunzong's support, the reformers did a lot of good things, which really benefited the people. The first is to grant amnesty to the whole country, and by the way, all taxes owed to the country are exempted. In addition to the regular tax twice a year, it is not allowed to add exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees. The contributions of all localities should be in accordance with the official regulations, and the extra "envy" will be cancelled. The maladministration during the Dezong period, such as "palace city" and "children in five places", will be removed. [85.2] Jia Zi, who went to the Royal Danfeng Gate, pardoned the world, and all colors were spared. Except for the regular tribute, I was informed to enter the service. At the end of Zhenyuan, political affairs were patients, such as palace city and children in Wufang, so let's just forget about it.
The so-called five workshops are carving workshops, stork workshops, harrier workshops, eagle workshops and dog workshops. Children are managers and set up for hunting. Under the pretext of catching birds, they set up fences at the gates of neighbors' houses, and people had to pay money to enter and leave the gates. Anyone who doesn't pay, close to the fence, puts on a big hat: "Do you dare to scare away the emperor's birds?" Give a good beating first, then send it to the government, and pay the insurance money before releasing it. These "children" often go to restaurants to eat and drink. When they are drunk and full, they start to leave. The shopkeeper doesn't know his identity and stops him from asking for money. He immediately slaps his fist, hits the shopkeeper black and blue, and asks, "Do you know who we are?" Sometimes, a bag of poisonous snakes and centipedes is left as money for wine and meals: "Take good care of it, and we will come back to redeem it;" You are responsible for the whole death! " Shopkeepers only kowtow and beg them to take it away, but how dare they mention the money for food and drinks? These abuses were heard of by Shunzong when he was a prince, and Wang Shuwen often mentioned them. Now that he is in power, he will soon be removed. 〕 85.2 〕 First, children in Wufang caught birds in the alley, all of them were violent to get money and things from people, until there was a net in the door, and no one was allowed to go in or out, or Zhang Inoue made it impossible to draw them. Nearby, Mo said, "You are surprised to offer sacrifices to birds!" That is, beat it up, pay for it, and go. Or get together to eat and drink in a restaurant, get drunk and leave. If the seller doesn't know it, he will ask for it and be beaten up. Sometimes leave a bag of snakes as a hostage, saying, "If this snake catches birds, I will leave it to you now. Fortunately, I will feed it well and don't make it hungry." The seller was ashamed to thank and beg for sorrow, but left with the whip. In the east official, everyone knows its disadvantages, so it is the first to ban it.
during the reign of Dezong, there was no amnesty for ten years. Courtiers who have committed minor offenses are banished to other places and cannot be promoted. Now we have the opportunity to mobilize. For example, Zhongzhou did not drive Lu Zhi, Chenzhou did not drive Zheng Yuqing, Hangzhou secretariat Han Gao, and Daozhou secretariat Yangcheng, all first-class figures in the imperial court and the essence of the country, and they were called to Beijing this time. Unfortunately, Lu Zhi and Yangcheng both died of illness a few days before receiving the pardon. [85.3] At the end of Dezong, there was no forgiveness for ten years, and all the ministers were no longer used to blame them, and even the amount was moved. Renshen (the third grade), chasing Zhongzhou, don't drive Lu Zhi, Chenzhou, don't drive Zheng Yuqing, Hangzhou secretariat Han Gao and Daozhou secretariat Yangcheng went to the capital. ... neither Bo nor Yangcheng heard of chasing the imperial edict and died.
this is a glorious period for political innovators.
Du You is a veteran financial officer. When he was a salt and iron transshipment agent, the 85.3 addition of Du You and various salt and iron transshipment made
Wang Shuwen wanted to grasp the financial power, relied on Du You's prestige, and took advantage of his deputy ambassador to discuss with his colleagues day and night. He was ambitious and planned to further reform. 85.3 Take Wang Shuwen as the branch, and the salt and iron transport assistant. First, Uncle Wen conspired with his party, and got the national tax in hand, so he could win over all the people, win the hearts of the sergeant, and consolidate his power, but he was afraid of suddenly imposing heavy power, and the people refused to accept it. Du Youya had the name of accountant, and his position was heavy and his affairs were self-sufficient, which was easy to control. Therefore, the shilling protected the name of the Lord, and he was self-sufficient as a deputy. Although Uncle Wen was sentenced to two ambassadors, he didn't care about writing books, and he sneaked words with his party screen day and night, and people could not know what he did.
Also called Han Tai, he was in charge of the Imperial Army and the affairs of the Shence Army. 85.5 Xin Wei (the third grade) took Fan Xichao, the right general of Jinwu, as the left and right god, to plan the palace of Zhucheng Town in the west of Beijing. Jiaxu (sixth day) took Han Tai, a doctor in Du Zhi, as his marching horse. Wang Shuwen knew that he hated the disease both at home and abroad, and wanted to seize the eunuch's relieving power to strengthen himself. He hoped that the veteran of the DPRK would make the name of the Lord, but he actually specialized in Thailand. Human feelings do not predict what they do, which is beneficial to doubt and fear.
when they got the financial and military power, they thought victory was in their hands, and they were quite arrogant and arrogant, so they were envied by a large group of civil and military veterans. Eunuchs, in particular, hate this group of reformers, gnash their teeth, want to chew them up and swallow them willingly. These people soon ganged up and coaxed Chun Li, the son of Shunzong, to form a powerful opposition group. Among them, the eunuch leader, Wen Zhen, the veteran Jia Dan, Wei Gao, Du Huangshang, and Yuan Zi, the general of Jinwu, are all very powerful figures. speaking parts colluded and wooed, watched the opportunity and waited for the hand.
Wang Shuwen and others feel that the situation is critical, but their power is weak and they lack strong backing. Once they lose Shunzong's support, they are just a group of helpless "scholars". Can they stand the boxing slap of veterans? Of course not!
the opposition saw the weakness and tried their best to play tricks on the emperor. At this time, Shunzong's illness worsened, and ministers even coaxed and forced him to pass on the throne to his son, which soon achieved his goal. 85.3 Eunuchs Wen Zhen, Liu Guangqi, Xue Yingzhen all served as old people in the court first, and their cronies, such as Ji Shuwen and advice, were arrogant, so they called the Hanlin bachelor Zheng Zuo, Wei Cigong, Li Cheng and Wang Ya into the golden palace and established a prince system. At that time, Niu zhao rong's generation took Guangling Wang Chunying Rui as an evil one; No longer please, the book paper is presented with the word "stand firm and be long"; Shangqizhi. Guisi (24th), Li Chun became the Prince and changed his name to Chun.
On the day when Shunzong canonized Chun Li as the Prince, the old ministers were so excited that tears welled up in their eyes, but Wang Shuwen was so sad that he couldn't say anything. He stood in the temple for a long time and only whispered Du Fu's famous sentence: "but before he could conquer, he was dead, and heroes have wept on their coats ever since!" The people who heard it were laughing and cursing: "Hero? Are you a hero? Failure is doomed, and the hero has no points! " 85.4 Yi Si (the sixth day) went to the Imperial Xuanzheng Hall, where he was registered as the Prince. When the officials saw the prince's appearance and retired, they all congratulated each other, and those who felt weeping were overjoyed at home and abroad. Wang Shuwen, on the other hand, was worried and dared not speak, but he recited Du Fu's poem entitled "Zhuge Liang Ancestral Hall": "but before he could conquer, he was dead, and heroes have wept on their coats ever since." Those who smell it will whisper it.
Wang Shuwen stood in silence, bleeding in his heart, and his good wish to reform malpractice was shattered. Maybe the butcher's knife will be put on his neck.
Then, Wei Gao, a powerful figure, went to the emperor's table and demanded that Wang Shuwen be punished. 85.6 Gao, who relies on himself as an important minister, is in the west of Shu in the distance, and Wang Shuwen can't be shaken, so he is extremely treacherous. In Russia, Pei Jun, our envoy in Jingnan, and Yan Mao, our envoy in Hedong, followed suit, meaning the same as Gao, and both China and foreign countries relied on it for help, while evil parties were frightened.
At this time, the Shence Army was provoked by eunuchs, refused Han Tai's command, and suddenly lost its military power. 85.6 Wang Shuwen took Fan Xichao and Han Tai as the masters of Jingxi Shence Army, but the officials have not yet been defeated. On the edge of the meeting, all the generals resigned as lieutenants, and they said that they belonged to Greece. At first, the official seized the handle of the soldier by Uncle Wen and others, but he was furious and said, "If I plan from it, I will die by my hand." He ordered his envoy to return to the generals and said, "No soldier belongs to a man." I hope that the DPRK will serve heaven, and those who will not. Han Taichi returned to the white, and uncle Wen Ji had nothing to do but say, "What can I do?"! What can I do! "
Wang Shuwen knew that he was a complete failure, so he immediately resigned from his official position and left the leading post of reform by visiting his mother's illness. Wang Lai pretended to have a stroke, carried it home and never came out. 85.6 is few, and her mother is very ill. Bingchen and Uncle Wensheng drank wine in Hanlin with other scholars, including Li Zhongyan, Ju Wenzhen and Liu Guangqi. Uncle Wen said in classical Chinese: "Uncle Wen's mother is ill, so she can't take care of medicine because she is responsible for state affairs. Now she will ask for leave to serve." Uncle Wen tried his best to avoid danger, which was the favor of the court. Once you go home, you will be handed over a hundred slanders. Who will help you with a word? " Wen Zhen did what he said, but uncle Wen couldn't be right, but he persuaded him to stop drinking. Ding Si (2th), Uncle Wen