Ju Hee Song
Win a day, find the fragrance of Surabaya,
The boundless scene is new for a while.
Waiting to see the east wind (3),
It is always spring.
[Introduction to the author]
Zhu (xΟ) (1130 ——1200) was born in Jiangxi, a scholar and a messenger. A famous educator in the Southern Song Dynasty, he gave lectures all his life and had many disciples. He inherited and developed Cheng's Neo-Confucianism. Later generations also called it "Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism". His poems are free from empty preaching, vivid in image and of certain literary value.
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[Notes]
① Overcoming the sun: a sunny day. Looking for fragrance: a spring outing in the suburbs. Fang refers to flowers and plants. Si (Si) water: the name of water, which originated in the east of Shandong Province. Bank (bρn): water margin.
2 scenery: scenery. Moment: a moment.
3 calm: casual and relaxed. Recognition: recognition. Face: face.
4 colorful: describe colorful.
[translated poem]
Sunny, go hiking by the Surabaya River,
The endless beauty of spring is in your eyes.
Wherever people go, they can feel the spring breeze.
Flowers will bloom only in spring.
[Appreciation]
This is a poem describing the scenery in spring. On a sunny day, the poet went for an outing in the suburbs, bathed in the spring breeze, and when he saw his eyes full of spring scenery, he couldn't help exclaiming that "all colors are evergreen." "Winning the day to find the fragrance of Surabaya, the boundless scenery is new for a while." These two sentences describe what you saw and heard when you went for an outing in the suburbs. The poet chose such a sunny day in Wan Li, and walked along the Surabaya River, and saw the endless spring scenery take on a new look, with unspeakable joy in his heart. These two sentences are endless praise for the beautiful spring scenery. "Nothing can tell the east wind when you are free, and it is always spring when you are colorful." The poet writes about spring here, full of energy and enthusiasm. Everything revives in spring, and the flowers in spring are colorful. This beautiful scenery is brought by the spring breeze. If there were no spring breeze, there would not be such a beautiful spring. In the praise, it is interesting and unique. Zhu is a master of Neo-Confucianism and the successor of Taoism. In this beautiful spring, he came to the shore of Surabaya, where Confucius gave lectures, and "sought incense" and had a different feeling, so his spring outing also had a deeper meaning. He compared Confucius' theory to the spring breeze. She is broad and profound, educating all things and benefiting future generations. This poem contains feelings in the scenery, and its language is fresh and lively, especially the last two sentences, which are widely circulated because of their rich connotations and vivid images.
[Brief analysis]
It is generally believed that this is a poem describing a spring outing. Judging from the scenery written in the poem, it is also very similar.
The first sentence is "winning the sun to find the fragrance of Surabaya", and "winning the sun" refers to sunny days, indicating the weather. "Surabaya" indicates the location. "Looking for fragrance" means looking for beautiful spring scenery and pointing out the theme. The following three sentences are what you saw when you wrote "Looking for Incense". The second sentence, "boundless scenery is new for a while", is about the initial impression gained by watching spring scenery. Use "boundless" to describe all the scenery in front of you. "A Moment of Novelty" not only describes the return of spring to the earth, the natural scenery is brand-new, but also describes the refreshing joy of the author during his outing. The word "knowledge" in the third sentence inherits the word "search" in the first sentence. "You can easily know" means that the features and features of spring are easy to recognize. "East wind" refers to spring. The fourth sentence, "colorful is always spring", means that this colorful scene is made up of spring, and people know spring from this colorful scene. This specifically answers why we can "wait for the east wind". The "colorful" in this sentence also takes care of the "new situation" in the second sentence. The third sentence and the fourth sentence describe the new situation and the gains from finding incense in vivid language.
Literally, this poem seems to describe the impression of a spring outing, but the place to look for fragrance is the shore of Surabaya, which was occupied by Jin people in the Song Dynasty. Zhu has never been to the north, and of course it is impossible to swim to Surabaya in spring. In fact, the word "Surabaya" in the poem implies Confucius, because in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius taught his disciples with string songs between Zhu and Si. Therefore, the so-called "seeking incense" refers to the way of seeking saints. "Colorful" is a metaphor for the richness of Confucianism. The poet compares the sage's way to the spring breeze, which promotes the occurrence of opportunities and touches everything. This is actually a philosophical poem by the richest man, which combines reason with interest in the image.
Cold food? Yi Han
In late spring, Chang 'an city is full of songs and dances, and countless flowers fall. The east wind of the Cold Food Festival blows on the willow trees in the royal garden.
As night fell, the palace was busy lighting candles, and smoke drifted to the house of the prince and the marquis.
To annotate ...
1, Cold Food Festival: every year, after winter 105, which is about two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day, is a cold food festival. According to Zuo Zhuan, Jin Wengong set fire to the forest and asked for an introduction. Unexpectedly, he was burned alive with a big tree in his arms. In order to mourn him, Jin people banned fire on this day every year and only ate cold food, so they called it cold food.
2. Emperor Willow: Willow in the Imperial Garden.
3. Passing candles: Although it is forbidden to light a fire during the Cold Food Festival, the Duke's family is given the right to light candles.
4. Five marquis: Emperor Huan of Han Dynasty named five minions as marquis in one day, which is called five marquis in the world.
translate
In spring, Chang 'an is full of falling flowers and dancing;
During the Cold Food Festival, the east wind blew the willow branches in the imperial garden obliquely.
At dusk, imperial candles came from the palace.
Light smoke scattered into the newly sealed prince's house.
Make an appreciative comment
This is a satire poem. Fire is forbidden in the Cold Food Festival, but favored officials will get special candles from the emperor and enjoy special privileges. Poetry is the favorite of satirists. Therefore, the retired scholars of Hengtang commented: "The prosperity of officials in the Tang Dynasty has not been reduced by the Huan Mausoleum. Poetry is more profound than irony. " The first two sentences are about the scenery in mid-spring; The last two sentences implied irony. Poetry does not directly satirize, but only depicts the privileged class in life, which is subtle and incisive. According to the Tang Dynasty Meng? The poem "Skill Poetry" said: This poem was appreciated by Tang Dezong and praised and popularized by the imperial court. Know the important position of imperial edict for drivers. At that time, the secretariat of Jianghuai was also surnamed Han, and both of them had the same surname. Dezong personally wrote the whole poem "Flowers fly everywhere in Spring City" and approved "With this North Korea?" , become a story, spread all over the world. ?