Chrysanthemum is one of the four gentlemen, and many poets have admired it throughout the ages. They plant chrysanthemums, wear chrysanthemums, and sing poems and chant chrysanthemums. There are many symbolic meanings of chrysanthemum image expression, depending on the occasion and context.
First, chrysanthemum symbolizes elegant quality and excellent moral character. When we read The Book of Songs and Songs of the South, we know that the ancients compared the beauty of fragrant flowers to a gentleman. The poet's description of flowers is not simply a sigh of things, but often there is something in the poem.
For example, in Qu Yuan's Lisao, there is a saying that "Mulan falls early and chrysanthemums fall late". Drinking magnolia dew and chrysanthemum petals in the morning and evening does not mean that the poet is at peace with the world, but that he is concerned about the country and the people and has noble personality and conduct.
Do you think the dew on this magnolia falls from the sky, purer than mountain spring water, without any dust? Chrysanthemum is cool and hot, and it is more fragrant when it is soaked in frost after autumn. It can be seen that Qu Yuan is not in cahoots with the common customs and has a noble personality.
The second is a symbol of seclusion and detachment, indifferent to fame and fortune. Because chrysanthemums don't like excitement, they don't compete with flowers in spring, and they retreat to autumn. They are fragrant and fragrant, and they don't want to be known. They can stand the test of loneliness.
Tao Yuanming is such a hermit. He doesn't care about Mu Lirong, nor does he kneel to the children in the village for five buckets of rice. Pengze county ordered him to resign and return to his hometown. He went home with a hoe in the morning and took part in manual labor himself.
Tao Yuanming returned to the countryside and lived a peaceful life. In his "Drinking" poem, "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" fully shows such a leisurely state after coming out of the cage.
Ancient people like Boyi, Shu Qi and Dong Fangshuo were all models of seclusion. When they succeed, they will help the world. When they are unlucky, they will retreat to the mountains to live alone. Of course, there are also people who take shortcuts south like Lu Zangyong.
Third, it symbolizes endeavor and perseverance. Because chrysanthemum blooms in cold autumn, but it is not afraid. It is full of energy and shows a fearless spirit.
This tenacious fighting spirit, we read in the poem of Huang Chao, the leader of the peasant uprising, "Until September 8th in Qiu Lai, I will kill all the flowers after they bloom. The incense array penetrates Chang 'an, and the city is full of golden flowers. "When the flowers are dying, chrysanthemums are thriving.
Su Dongpo also said in the poem "Winter Scenery" that "the lotus has no shelter from the rain, but the chrysanthemum still has Ao Shuang branches". The lotus flowers praised by people have withered in winter, and the chrysanthemums are still sticking out strong branches towards the wind and frost.
Fourth, it symbolizes a kind of persistence and gratitude. Flowers will wither and fall to the ground after their heyday, and even birds will leave their original nests when they grow up. Chrysanthemums are not like this. When it withers, hold on to the branches and refuse to let go.
This is a kind of persistence and gratitude to the old branches of the native land. Zhu's poem "Chrysanthemum" said: "It is better to stick to the fragrant branches and grow old than to dance with the autumn leaves." Unlike those maple leaves, chrysanthemums left the branches after the frost turned red and danced in the air, showing the glory of that moment.
Zheng Banqiao also wrote a poem "Bamboo Stone", "Asserting that the green hills are not relaxed, and the roots are broken rocks. A thousand blows are still strong, and the wind is east, west, north and south. " This persistence of bamboo, like chrysanthemum, is the embodiment of justice and kindness.
Fifth, it also symbolizes a haggard anxiety, sadness and sadness. Because the shape of chrysanthemum, especially its thin petals, is soft when it withers, just like the faint situation when people are meditating and haggard.
It is Li Qingzhao who is used to using chrysanthemums to compare people's mental state. "Dongli put wine after dusk, and there is fragrance in the sleeve. Mo Tao does not forget me, the curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers. " After the wedding, she missed her husband, Zhao Mingcheng, and drowned her sorrows in wine, saying that she was haggard and thin as a chrysanthemum.
In fact, in a specific context, chrysanthemum has many symbolic meanings. For example, it means longevity, longevity and eternity, and people often compare pine chrysanthemum cranes. White chrysanthemum also has commemorative significance.
In ancient times, people wore chrysanthemums, which also symbolized romance, innocence and unruly. In Du Mu's poem "Ascending the Mountain in Nine Days", it is said that "it is difficult for the world to open its mouth and laugh, and it is necessary to put chrysanthemums in its head." Tao Yuanming is used to holding chrysanthemums. He "exposed short temples and cold dew, dyed Gejin Jiuqiu cream". He wrapped a towel of kudzu on his head and filled it with chrysanthemums to make people laugh.