Yan Shu
The threshold chrysanthemum worries about smoke and blue tears,
The curtains are light and cold,
Swallows fly in pairs.
The moon doesn't know how to leave sorrow and hate suffering,
The morning light slanted on Zhu Hu.
Last night, the west wind withered the green trees,
Alone in a tall building,
See the end of the world
If you want to send colorful stationery and ruler,
The mountain is very long and the water is very big!
This is the representative work of Yan Shu's boudoir thinking. At the top of the poem, use empathy to select the scene in front of you, inject the feelings of the protagonist and point out hatred; The next film comes from hatred, and vividly shows the protagonist's eager expression through high buildings. Wang Guowei compares the three sentences of the word "West Wind Last Night" with those of Ouyang Xiu and Xin Qiji in "The Thorn on Earth", which shows the name of the word. The depth of the whole word is subtle and the breadth is profound.
The first sentence is about the scenery in the autumn garden. Chrysanthemum is covered with a faint layer of smoke and fog, which seems to be full of sadness; Orchids are stained with dew and look like they are sobbing silently. Orchids and chrysanthemums already contain some figurative colors (such as quiet and clean figurative personality). Here, they are personified by "sorrow for smoke" and "weeping for dew", shifting subjective feelings to objective scenery and revealing the heroine's own sadness. The two words "sorrow" and "cry" are characterized by obvious traces, which are different from the language style of Dayan Ci, but they are all borrowed.
Foreign objects have their own functions in expressing mood, rendering atmosphere and shaping the image of the protagonist.
The second sentence is "the curtain is light and cold, and the swallows fly away." On the morning of the new autumn, a faint chill rippled between the curtains, and the swallows flew away through them. There is no necessary connection between these two phenomena, but in the view of the protagonist who is full of sadness and particularly sensitive to seasons and climate, the swallow seems to have flown away because he can't stand the cold. Here, instead of writing about the feelings of swallows, it is better to write about the feelings of people in curtains, and not only feel the light cold in early autumn physically, but also feel the chill brought by loneliness and sadness psychologically. Yan's "Flying Together" shows people's loneliness. These two sentences are purely about objective objects, and the expression is subtle and subtle. The next two sentences, "The bright moon is unfamiliar and bitter, and shines obliquely through Zhuhu Lake." Looking back from this morning to last night, I know that I am "from hate" and my feelings have changed from subtle to strong. The bright moon is an ignorant natural thing. It doesn't know how to stay away from the pain of hate, but only cares about illuminating Zhu Hu. This is natural. In this case, it seems that we should not resent, but we must resent. This accusation seems unreasonable, but it effectively shows the heroine's sleepless scene on the moon and the melancholy touch brought by external things in the suffering of leaving hatred.
"Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I went up to the tall building alone and looked at the horizon." After a film, I received Dawn, and then I went back to write Ascending the Mountain and Overlooking it this morning. "Independence" should be "separation from hatred", which embodies "Qi Fei". "Looking at the horizon" was born from a sleepless night with a thin pulse. "The west wind withers the green trees" is not only seen by climbing the stairs, but also contains memories of listening to the west wind falling leaves all night last night. The green trees withered overnight because of the west wind, which shows that the west wind is strong and the cold is heavy. It is from this remarkable change of nature that the word "withered" comes out and is dedicated to the Lord
Strong public sentiment. The scenery is bleak and people are lonely. In the case of almost all the words, the author unexpectedly shows an infinite and boundless realm: "Climb the tall building alone and look at the horizon." It is true that there is a sense of vastness based on lofty vision, but there is also a sense of emptiness and frustration without thinking. However, this open and unrestrained realm gives the hero a spiritual satisfaction, which makes him turn from the sadness of the narrow curtain courtyard to the beautiful vision of a broader realm, which can be appreciated from the word "looking to the end"
Here it is. Although these three sentences contain invisible sadness, they are tragic and have no delicate and decadent atmosphere; Language is also lead washing and pure line drawing. These three sentences are well known in this word.
Looking ahead, the tall building thought of sending books in the distance: "You will know where the mountains are long and the water is wide if you send colorful stationery!" Five-color annotation, here refers to the poetic annotation of poetry; The ruler refers to letters. The two sentences converge vertically, comparing the hero's strong desire to send audio books to a distant place with the sad reality that audio books are not sent, further highlighting the sadness of "mountains and rivers are far away", and the word ends in this bleak disappointment. The correspondence between "the mountain is high and the water is long" and "looking to the horizon" once again shows a fascinating realm, and the sigh of "I don't know where to go" adds endless feelings.
This is a well-known sentence in many works of graceful and restrained poets. It is not only affectionate, but also broad and lofty, which is rare in general euphemisms. It does not deviate from beautiful words, but it surpasses them in some ways.
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An Analysis of Yan Shu's Dead Hua Lian
Liao Zhongqing
One,
"Die Lian Hua" is a noun of Yan Shu, the prime minister of Renzong Dynasty in the Northern Song Dynasty. Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I went up to the tall building alone to look at the horizon. After being listed as the first realm of "the university questioner must go through the three realms of ancient and modern times", he is a well-known leader in Song Ci! The meaning of this word is also very clear, and it seems that there is no need to explain it. However, after reading the explanations of most famous poets in modern times, I always feel uneasy and have to write what I have to say. Now, let's appreciate this word first.
The nearest flower
The threshold chrysanthemum worries about smoke and tears. The curtain is light and cold, and the swallow flies away.
The bright moon doesn't know how to leave sorrow and hate suffering. The morning light slanted on Zhu Hu.
The west wind withered the green trees last night. A person in a tall building can see the end of the world.
I want to send colored stationery and rulers. The mountains are long and there is a lot of water.
Second,
Look at the author before explaining the word. Yan Shu (99 1- 1055) was born in Linchuan, Fuzhou, Northern Song Dynasty (now Fuzhou, Jiangxi). He was a scholar at the age of seven. At the beginning of Jingdezhen, Zhang appeased Jiangnan and recommended him as a child prodigy. The emperor summoned more than 1000 scholars and tried the court. He was fearless, won the appreciation of the true Sect, and was given the same background as a scholar. After the second interview, the secretary saved the orthography and read all the books in the secretary's cupboard, thus increasing his knowledge. The transfer of Hanlin's bachelor was heavily relied on by Zhenzong. "Biography of the History of Song Dynasty" said: "Every time the emperor visits, he writes a fine book with a small piece of paper, and then plays it and seals it (on a wood). The emperor paid attention to its caution. " After Renzong succeeded to the throne, he trusted him more and held important positions. In the anniversary calendar, he was promoted to a bachelor's degree, a Tang dynasty envoy and a general secretary of the same book (and also a prime minister of civil and military affairs) in Jixian Hall. A year later, he was demoted to the Ministry of Industry, then became a local official in Yingzhou, Chen Zhou, Xuzhou and other places, and later was promoted to the Ministry of Industry. At the age of 64, he died of illness. Although Injong attended the funeral in person, he hated it because he didn't care about his illness. After his death, some people gave him and Shi Zhong, and others gave him yuan.
Renzong personally sealed his monument, saying, "The monument of old learning."
Scholar Yan Shu, who has met people, knows people very well. 1027, when he was in Yingtianfu, Nanjing (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), in view of the fact that the schools in the world had been abolished since the Five Dynasties, he "built a school in Daxing to teach students." Fan Yan China Tobacco attracts talents by teaching students and apprentices. When he did this, he asked scholars to collect salt, and most of them later appeared in the imperial court and the imperial court. In addition to Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi, Fu Bi, Ouyang Xiu, Song Qi and other historical celebrities all came from his door. At one time, the education that had been abandoned for a long time since the Five Dynasties was quickly revived. On the one hand, it is the study of Guoxing, on the other hand, it is also to cultivate and reserve talents for the country.
Apart from educational reform, The History of Song Dynasty also mentioned two things to show his superb knowledge. Legend has it: "Renzong ascended the throne, and Zhang Xi 'an gave the Queen Mother the right to listen to politics. Ding Wei, the prime minister of the Song Dynasty, and Cao Liyong, the special envoy of the Tang Dynasty, both wanted to see things alone, and no one dared to make a decision. Special advice, the minister plays the queen mother, and listen to it. I can't see any of them. It's settled after discussion. " There is another thing: "Shaanxi used troops (referring to the border of Xixia Kou) to invite internal officials to supervise the soldiers, instead of handing over the battle plan to the generals, letting them attack and defend the enemy and recruiting archers to teach them to prepare for the battle. Please also ask the palace official to help the border customs, and those who receive property from his company will pay it back. I know the implementation. " It serves to show that he is really super knowledgeable.
His contribution to literature is also various. He is good at poetry and words, and his articles are beautiful. He is good at writing and calligraphy. The History of Song Dynasty is said to be "a tireless scholar in his later years, with a collection of 240 volumes and a collection of speeches by famous ministers after Chen Liang was deleted. Select 100 volume. "There are lyrics and strict legacy of qing dynasty. There is also a book called Yao Lei, and there are only remnants left.
His ci style has been inherited for five generations and is deeply influenced by Feng Yanji. He is good at creating words, writing landscapes and feelings. Generally speaking, it is unfair that his poems are poor in content. Because the ci at that time was mainly about scenery description and lyricism, it was not until Fan Zhongyan began to integrate the worries of frontier fortress into his ci, but it failed to become a common practice. Feng Xu's On Haoan Ci is relatively dull. "Uncle Yan was not far from the Five Dynasties, but he was instigated by Xin Lie and got his place first. Therefore, he was the ancestor of Yishen in the Northern Song Dynasty." Generally speaking, his position in Song Ci is a link between the past and the future, which has a certain influence on Ouyang Xiu and Yan. On the one hand, he absorbed the beauty of Yangchunji, on the other hand, he avoided the richness and delicacy of Huajianji, which shows that he formed his own specific style of ci between choice and choice. Critics praised him as "the first way to guide Song Ci", which is a proper evaluation!
Third,
After we have a basic understanding of the author Yan Shu, we can further explore the exact meaning of the word Yan Shu. The theme of this word is to write about parting and the pain after parting. Obviously, the person who left him was a woman. She never came back and left no address. The whole word writing event happened from last night to this morning, and the direct result of the event was to make Yan Shuche sleepless at night and heartbroken. "The bright moon doesn't know how to leave sorrow and hate bitterness, and shines obliquely on Zhu Hu." The bright moon doesn't understand the pain of parting, and its light shines obliquely into the poet's red door until dawn. The poet Yan Shu was lovelorn. When the other party left him, he even complained. Is it because he loves each other deeply, and the other party has left him, which has caused this deep pain? "Life is infatuated, and this resentment has nothing to do with romantic feelings", which is a famous sentence of another poet Ouyang Yongshu later. It is true that if it is not emotional immersion, the sadness left behind is only faint helplessness! Isn't the real grief at present caused by the infatuation that can't be extricated?
What's that? It is precisely because this is a sleepless night that he witnessed the chrysanthemums shrouded in a miserable fog and smoke by the railing outside the door in the morning, witnessed the tears (dewdrops) on the weeping orchid leaves, and witnessed the swallows on the curtain of the beams leaving without saying goodbye because they were just a little cold. This series of morning autumn scenery is heartbreaking! However, there is more than that. This is what the poet Yan Shu really wants to express. "Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I went up to the tall building alone and looked at the horizon." It used to be a green tree in front of the door. Now, after last night's autumn wind and west wind, it began to wither. Trees can't stand the light cold of the west wind and start to wither, but what about people? Did he really say that tree in his words just now? No, he talks objectively about trees, but subjectively about people-himself. When I was with her, I was very happy and full of hope for life, but now she is far away from him. For him, like the destruction of a green tree caused by the west wind in autumn, the business is gone at once! What's the fun of living without her? This is the true feeling of all lovelorn people at all times and in all countries. "Metaphoring people with trees" is the usage of Li Houzhu in Yan Shu's early five pronouns. He was imprisoned after the national subjugation. In his words, he said, "The moon is like a hook, and the solitary phoenix tree locks the deep courtyard in autumn." (Note) Isn't that lonely buttonwood Li Houzhu himself? Lonely in the deep courtyard and isolated from the outside world in the clear autumn is divided into two worlds. Here, Yan Shu obviously inherited the same technique of Li Houzhu, and climbed stairs, which was more obvious in autumn. However, he still didn't give up completely. He climbed the tall building alone and looked into the distance, looking at the horizon, hoping that she would turn back and come to her senses! The use of the word "unique" here is really wonderful. First, it responds to the contrast of Shuang Yan, showing his present appearance, and further portrays his inner loneliness and bitterness caused by his expectation to climb a high-rise building without a career. The answer is clear, but the other party left him yesterday and never looked back. The poet Yan Shu wants to keep her thoughts in her heart.
And told her in the letter that the colored paper and ruler here refer to letters. I repeat, in modern words, I want to write to her! I want to write to her! However, she has made up her mind to stop talking to Yan Shu and left this sad and distant place without leaving an address. What else can I tell her? Where will she go? "The mountain is high and the water is long. Where do you know?" -This is another question in Yan Shu's heart. Standing alone on a tall building, the horizon is broken, but you can only overlook the mountains and rivers, and what about people? "The stream is inclined, the mountain is covered, and people go." She has left without leaving an address. This is their sorrow! This happened in the early Northern Song Dynasty about 900 years ago. I can still read Yan Shu's grief at that time!
Who's that girl? What's her name? Why did they break up? Did this happen before or after Yan Shu became prime minister? Where did he meet her? What does she do? I have read the biography of Yan Shu in the Song Dynasty and looked up many books, but I can't find any clues! But does it matter? I'm afraid it's important that Yan Shu once suffered from it, and expressed the same loss and regret in his other ci works. I think that's enough. Enough, I mean that we have left his era for more than 900 years, and we can still feel his pain, helplessness and regret! After reading this poem by Yan Shu, I truly verified his sleepless nights and sad tears. Since he loves her so much, why not marry her? I once had such a question. However, life always seems to have something beyond its control, but it doesn't seem to be. It is the special personalities of both sides that cast this special sadness. Who can make it clear? I believe that they will never meet again, and this regret will become eternal in their hearts!
Fourth,
Through the above analysis, we can see Yan Shu's inner grief at that time. The withered trees in the west wind fully expressed the impact of parting on his life. Interestingly, Ms. Ye Jiaying has a completely different understanding. In Tan Jialing Ci, Ms. Ye said: "In Taiwan Province Province, there are no obvious changes in the four seasons, and the realm expressed by these three words is not easy to understand. In the north of the mainland, when the golden wind blows, it is an extremely urgent and obvious phenomenon that the vegetation withers and decays. Leaves fall from the long forest, and the wind floats in the fields, showing the height of heaven and earth in a blink of an eye. The new cold is like water, which not only invades the bones and muscles, but also makes people feel refreshed. " Occasionally climbing a mountain and overlooking it, a sense of vastness will make people feel refreshed and lost. "Obviously, Ms. Ye didn't understand the metaphor here! I was born in Guangzhou, grew up in Hongkong in the south of China, and studied in Taiwan Province Province. I believed what she said when I was in college, but I didn't know until I lived in northern Europe at high latitude for a long time! Every year, there is no phenomenon that the west wind dies the green trees overnight, but it is step by step. Obviously, Yan Shu just borrowed the tree in literature to express her inner shock! Ms. Ye spent so many gorgeous words to explain, which shows that she did not face up to Yan Shu's true feelings!
In her same book, there is an Appreciation of Wild Goose Ci, and her opinions are even more novel. She classified Yan Shu as "Goose is a rational poet". In this article, she said: "Generally speaking, there are two kinds of poets' personalities: one belongs to the type of success and the other belongs to the type of failure. The type of success can be regarded as a rational poet in terms of personality, and the type of failure can be regarded as a pure poet. "This statement obviously made two mistakes. The first is the abuse of philosophical terms. Secondly, it is obviously unreasonable to divide the poet's "personality" into two categories: success and failure.
If this view is necessarily related to the success or failure of the poet's career, it is even more far-fetched. Because a successful poet can't guarantee that there will be no setbacks in other aspects, especially the twists and turns like feelings! This will lead to sadness. A poet who fails in his career may also gain something in other aspects, thus moving towards happiness. Moreover, we can only say that a certain personality is more likely to lead to success, or that a certain personality is more likely to lead to failure. On the contrary, it is unheard of to talk about the "character" of a person or a poet by success or failure! It is even less convincing to further promote the expression of "rational poets" and "pure poets". As for the word rationality, according to Kant, it can be divided into pure rationality and practical rationality. The former is the speculative application of reason, while the latter is the practical application of reason. I wonder which one Miss Ye Jiaying likes? Or something else? Obviously, Ms. Ye's distinction was misled by Mr. Wang Guowei's division of poets into "subjective poets" and "objective poets", which she also admitted in this article. Now let's take a look at what Mr. Wang Guowei said. "Words on Earth" said: "Poets are people who never lose their childlike innocence. Therefore, being born in the palace and growing up in the hands of women is the weakness of the late master as a gentleman, which is also the strength of the poet. It is impossible for an objective poet to read more about the world. The deeper he reads about the world, the richer and more diverse his materials will be. The author of Water Margin Dream of Red Mansions is also. Subjective poets don't have to read more about the world. The shallower they look at the world, the more real their temperament is, and so is Li Houzhu.
So is the grief of others! This just shows that she has never understood the meaning of using trees to describe people. There is no doubt that rational poetry
People are nothing.