First, works express life in turn.
Freud believed that people who have unsatisfied desires in real life can show it in his literary works, play the role of body double, and entertain themselves by fantasy. Li Yu even admitted that the "dreamland" in his favorite works is a reflection of the "truth" in his life. We also have this kind of reading experience. The characters in the works are superb and invincible in the world. They have no imperial laws and government orders in mind, and their authors are bound and persecuted at the bottom. A poor scholar became famous in one fell swoop, even becoming the champion and even the owner of the hospital. Most of his authors are poor scholars who are ragged, hungry and have repeatedly failed. The poverty, sadness and resentment of these people all rely on the negative performance to get some relief, comfort and compensation. This is a painkiller, sedative and ecstasy for the living, not the author's antiseptic solution. They don't want to be famous.
Here are two points to talk about the application form of this law in poetry.
1. Praise the beauty of Taoyuan and hate the ugliness of reality.
On the surface, Tao Qian's poem "Drinking" is immersed in nature and has reached the state of forgetting myself, but the deep artistic conception of the poem is not here. By transcending the natural beauty of earthly customs, it expresses the lack of this beauty in society in a reverse way and shows the filth in real life. Calling people to be close to nature is actually to encourage people to stay away from filthy life, despise the turbid officialdom, and express the emotion of "returning to nature in a cage for a long time" with "the weather is getting better every day". His Poem of Peach Blossom Garden further proves this point. At that time, the system of gate and valve reached its peak, and exploitation and oppression reached the point where it was hard to see. In addition, the war broke out, people were displaced, their wives and children were separated, and society was in chaos. How can Tao Yuanming pursue stability and peace? Where can he expect equality and freedom? So he had to live in seclusion in the mountains, use poetry to realize his ideals and pursuits, seek comfort and attack the ugliness of life. In Autumn Night in the Mountain, Wang Wei described a group of Huan women singing and laughing among the flowers of bamboo under the bright moon. Why do you deliberately draw such a pure and beautiful picture? The reason is the lack of this beautiful, stable and simple life in real life, and "my friend's prince, spring has passed and you are still here. What does it matter?" Pointed out the hatred of filthy society and expressed the yearning and pursuit of ideal life. In the poem "Involved in the River", Qu Yuan is friends with immortals, while Huai Jin holds jade. In "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream", Li Bai wore a Ma Feng and traveled all over Luye Mountain, all of which expressed his yearning and pursuit for the beauty missing in real life, and realized his satisfaction with dreams.
2. Think about the lofty sentiments of the past and vent the depression and hatred of life.
"Articles are written in the times, poems and songs are written in things", that is to say, works must reflect life. Some works talk about heroes and their romantic lives, aiming at self-metaphor, so as to contrast the author's frustration, bitterness and dissatisfaction with real life. Su Shi talked about Zhou Yu's "black silk scarf with feather fan" and "heroic hair" in Nostalgia Red Cliff, which made him "vanish", while he himself talked about "affectionate, early born and prosperous". Thinking about the love affairs of the ancients, I really lamented that although I was full of ambition to serve my country, I was not reused and accomplished nothing, expressing my indignation that my ideal revenge could not be realized. I admire the ancients in my own situation, but the ancients left a romantic performance, and I am over half a year old, but I have accomplished nothing. Dissatisfaction with their own situation, the anguish of being demoted, the injustice of life, and helpless sighs are all revealed. Xin Qiji was indignant that his ideal and revenge could not be realized. Remember Sun Quan, who lives in the east of the Yangtze River, and Emperor Wu, who is as powerful as a tiger, all want to make contributions to the country, realize their ideals and avenge themselves like them. The last sentence "Who asked, can Lian Po still eat when he is old?" In the Northern Expedition, he clearly expressed his ambition to ride the battlefield again and recover the Central Plains. However, reality did not give him a chance. Xin Qiji remained frustrated and depressed all his life, which was caused by the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty's partial corner and unwillingness to recover its homeland. Finally, he only ended up with a helpless sigh. This can be said to be "borrowing someone else's glass of wine to pour a heart."
Second, Bixing holds things to show his will.
"Poetry expresses ambition". What is "ambition"? Depending on the image, the image is a specific natural object captured by the poet, the carrier of the poet's aesthetic ideal, and contains the poet's subjective feelings. Of course, different images will contain different emotions. Even the same image written by different poets or even the same poet will bear different emotions because of the author's subjective feelings and his own situation. However, a considerable number of natural objects have a stable bearing significance after being emotionally transformed into things. "Four gentlemen in flowers" is noble, "three friends in cold age" is loyal, auspicious animals are beautiful, "the sound of frontier fortress" is sad, and the sound of flourishing birds is sad, all of which require us to accumulate some spiritual, clean things that can contain character and pursuit.
As far as the specific verse is concerned, "flowers fall like nothing, like a swallow." Both flowers and faces are beautiful. Although the flowers have withered, another beautiful thing will come, so there is no need to be sad. "A piece of ice heart is in the jade pot" is a metaphor for the sublimity of the poet's mind, which can be described as pure and flawless. "But let me, on my green slope, raise a white deer" reflects the author's longing for seclusion. "If you are cold, you will know that the pine and cypress will wither." It's a metaphor for a pine tree, which means loyalty. Qu Yuan's "Shen Lu Yi Xin, Luan Bird Phoenix Emperor" is also a self-metaphor of his own personality and ambition. "In the past, I left, and the willow was reluctant to part." The feeling of parting, using the metaphor of "willow" to "stay", is fascinating. "At dusk, it is clear and cold, all in an empty city." Accompanied by the sound in the corner, it creates a cold atmosphere, which contains sadness.
Contrast technology has a long history in expressing feelings. In Songs of the South, it is used to express the feelings of husband and wife, friends, teachers and students. It is to compare or set off various social phenomena and natural scenery in society in poetry. In order to express feelings and express the poet's subjective understanding. Komatsu in Du Xunhe is like this. "I have been in the grass since I was a child, and now I gradually know the chrysanthemum. At that time, people didn't know Lingyunmu, and I waited until Lingyun began to grow taller. " In this poem, the author uses "rambling" as a metaphor, in which "people don't know the purpose of lingyun, and they should wait for lingyun to get high", which expresses the author's criticism of shortsightedness. Under their hands, how many strong seedlings were trampled off, just like a swift horse that died in a ditch, which shows the author's regret and regret for the society that stifled talents at that time. At the same time, I also pointed out my feelings of failed attempts again and again, and expressed my lament that I didn't know each other in Emperor. The poems of Zhang and Zhu Qingyu, who were re-elected in the Tang Dynasty, are more representative than Xing's lyric. "Last night, the red candle stopped in the bridal chamber to pay homage to my aunt in front of Xiaotang. After putting on makeup, I whispered to my husband: Is thrush deep and fashionable? " People who took part in the imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty had the habit of writing papers for celebrities, hoping that they would praise them and introduce them to examiners. The object of this poem is Zhang Ji, a doctor of the Ministry of Water Resources, and the content is to ask Zhang Ji for advice. How to ask? Zhu Qingyu euphemistically compared herself with the bride, the groom with Zhang Ji, and the in-laws with the examiner, expressing her expectations and anxiety before the exam, which was very vivid. Zhang Ji's answer was also very clever and was also carried out through comparison. In this poem, Zhang Ji compares Zhu Qingyu to a beautiful person. The girl with a beautiful singing voice praised his outstanding talent, implying that he didn't have to worry about the exam. Good questions, wonderful answers, perfect match, become a good language in poetry.
On the other hand, the technique of comparing scenery with emotion is to compare scenery with emotion. "When I look at things, everything is my color." In other words, subjective emotions determine the color brightness of the scene. Thus, in poetry, the scenery tends to be emotional. Moreover, we can infer the emotional tone of the work with clear color and lightness of the scene. This can be seen from Jia Dao's "Spring Thoughts", "The grass is green and yellow, the peach blossoms are scattered and the plum blossoms are fragrant, and the east wind does not blow far, and spring can be blamed." The first two sentences are full of bright colors and fragrance, but the last two sentences are sentimental. They vent their sorrows in the east wind and spring breeze, setting off beautiful scenery, making their sorrows deeper and deeper, and more likely to arouse readers' singing.
The above points are the general rules of poetry operation: understanding these rules can help us open the road of appreciation, find the breakthrough point of appreciation, and find the breakthrough point accurately, so as to quickly and accurately understand the intention of poetry creation and the artistic conception of poetry.