Britain, England
William Blake
William blake (1757—— 1827): Many scholars regard Blake as the starting point of the English romantic era. From him, the British literary world entered a period of surging thoughts. But some people disagree, because he was almost unknown before his death and had no real influence on his contemporaries. His position as a major poet was established by scholars in the 20th century. Secondly, Blake's brushwork is peculiar, unlike Wordsworth's, which represents the modern poetic style in simple and straightforward language. Black people, in particular, are keen to establish a unique ideological system. He put forward and can think about many intense and profound literary thoughts in different attitudes.
William Wordsworth
William wordsworth (1770—— 1850): Some critics have pointed out that Wordsworth is one of the two great innovators of western lyric poetry (the other is Petrarch) and the originator of modern poetry. In the history of literature, Coleridge's Lyric Ballads is considered to be the most important collection of poems after the Renaissance, because it initiated the creation of modern poetry in theme, style and thought. His poetry creation can be divided into three periods: pre 1795, post 1795- 1807 and post 1807. The middle stage here is his peak.
Samuel coleridge
Samuel coleridge (1772- 1834): Born in Devon, England, like Wordsworth, he lost his father as a teenager, then went to London to study for ten years, and then went to Cambridge to study. Although he is a student, he is covered in debauchery, prostitutes and opium, and he is often emotional. ..... Coleridge's representative works are usually divided into two kinds: one is friendship poems or what he called "talking poems", and the other is symbolic poems or mysterious poems. The former includes Piano by Ioles, Shadows under the Bodhi Tree, Cold Night, Depression and To william wordsworth. The latter mainly refers to Ode to the Old Ship, Kublai Khan and Christabel.
George Gordon Byron
George gordon byron (1788—— 1824): Byron phenomenon is one of the important contents of western spiritual culture in19th century. He embodies the passion of that immortal era and represents its wisdom, profound thoughts, fury and strength; His Prometheus-style lonely rebellious will was extraordinary in the spiritual life of Europeans in the last century, which changed "social structure, value judgment standard and cultural outlook". (Russell) This independent genius has the mind of a broad politician and the wisdom of a philosopher. He is sensitive and violent, with deep and delicate feelings. But he is also a dissolute son, a vain and arrogant Sir Alex Ferguson and a lonely egoist. He advocates great spirit and yearns for magnificent cause, but he is suffocated by dark times. His heart is sad, and his sigh fills his life ... Other poets weave dreams, but he was once regarded as the dream itself, creating a unique life in poetry, action and personality. He is integrated into literature, but he is greater than literature. He said that two emotions can define his essence: he loves freedom and hates hypocrisy (political, religious, social, romantic and so on). ), but he is a complex collection of contradictions: born with a limp, he loves to wander around; As a nobleman, he is full of hierarchy, but he also has the rebellious consciousness of civilians; Sometimes he is gloomy and anxious, but more often he shows kindness, humor or leisurely playing around the world; He advocates freedom, but sticks to the old style before the romantic era; He is subjective and confident, but rich in experience and common sense; He has a strong male-centered consciousness, but he often falls into what he calls "female thinking"; He hates war, but he is keen on "fighting for freedom". Finally, he went to war from material and action, which seems to be an interpretation of his surpassing or destroying literary texts and creating life texts with actions.
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Percy bysshe shelley (1792—— 1822): Prometheus, liberated, occupies a central position in Shelley's poems, because it embodies the essence of his thoughts. The poetic drama is divided into four acts, describing Prometheus' bondage and liberation. Poetry makes Shelley's two themes-social change and human love-interweave and bring out the best in each other. There are two clues: the good and evil relationship between Prometheus and Jupiter and his separation and reunion with Asia. These two clues are linked by Pluto, which represents inevitability and primitive vitality. He affects the fate of the gods and determines the victory or defeat of different roles. The giant described by Aeschylus attracts poets because he resists violence with virtue. He basically represents a perfect personality, selfless, without ambition and jealousy, which combines human wisdom and eternal wisdom. When Shelley wrote this poem, he no longer overemphasized external changes, but paid more attention to self-improvement and the power of love, no longer involved in specific political freedom, but focused on the super and profound significance of freedom. So Prometheus Liberated is actually an ideal poem, which aims to show the illusion of ideal life and provide enlightenment for the rebirth of the universe. Compared with Byron's realistic revolutionary spirit, Shelley's revolutionary view is more ideal and therefore more thorough, which is a philosophical denial of all aspects of the existing world. "If winter comes, can spring be far behind?" It was Shelley who predicted that a better world would come in the future, which was thought-provoking Shelley is also famous for his lyric poems, inheriting the tradition of Wordsworth and integrating nature into his poems. Ode to the west wind, Cloud, Lark and other works are sonorous in rhyme, sincere in feelings and shining with profound ideological brilliance.
John Keats
John keats (1795- 182 1): The life of the second generation of romantic poets is short, and Keats is the most sighing. He is only 26 years old, but he has left many beautiful poems, including Shakespeare and Dante, but he has not written a considerable level of works at such a young age. As far as the art of poetry is concerned, some people think that he is the most outstanding poet in the19th century. He is not only romanticism, but also aestheticism and decadence. Although Keats' influence in European history is not as good as Byron's, Byron's reputation in the history of English poetry cannot be compared with Keats'. Compared with Shelley, Keats is more willing to describe the dramatic picture of life with a warm and cold-eyed attitude, showing the artist's interest in real people who play various roles in real life. He doesn't hate the limited world because of the supreme ideal, but uses concrete human feelings to prove infinite existence. Keats pointed out in a letter 18 18 that Wordsworth was "more profound" than Milton. Keats developed the belief that the world is a "deep valley for cultivating the soul", and there is no other way. Some critics believe that Keats' tendency is to explore new permanent values. His main purpose is not to convince us that the world is full of suffering and oppression, but to summon up courage to accept the fact that the world is full of joy, health and freedom. These all belong to others, but we can also belong to ourselves as long as we work hard. The essence of Keats' thought and art is to make us have the courage to believe that others are happy and feel heartfelt joy for it.