Poetry, with its rich brushwork, suddenly shows a huge and exciting farewell picture in front of readers: chariots rumbling, war horses neighing, and teams of captured poor people wearing military uniforms and bows and arrows, escorted by officials, are heading forward. The husband's wife and father scrambled to find and shout their loved ones in the queue, tearing their clothes, beating their chests and feet, urging and calling. The dust raised by chariots and horses covered the sky, and even the Weihe Bridge in the northwest of Xianyang was covered. The cries of thousands of people merged into a loud noise and echoed in the clouds. "Father, mother, son, wife, staring at you", the pillar and main labor force of a family, was taken away, leaving only the old, weak, women and children, which is a huge disaster for a family. Why not help the old and bring the young away? An ordinary word "Zou" embodies the poet's strong emotional color! Relatives were suddenly caught and rushed to the battlefield, and the family chased the call sign to do life and death parting at that moment. How hasty and sad this is! "They ran after you, crying, and they tugged at your sleeve", four actions in a row, showing in detail the sentimentality, sadness, resentment and despair of the people who saw him off. In the poet's pen, the dust is pervasive and the traffic of horses and chariots is dazzling; Crying everywhere, straight into the sky, deafening! This description gives readers a strong sense of hearing and vision, showing the tragedy of the separation of thousands of families, which is shocking!
Then, starting from "and every time a bystander asks you questions", the poet asks the parties, that is, the soldiers who joined the army, to talk directly by asking questions.
And "passers-by" is a passerby, that is, Du Fu himself. The sad scene above was seen by the poet himself; The following sad words were heard by the poet himself. This enhances the realism of poetry. "Dotted line frequency" means frequent conscription, which is the "poetic eye" of the whole article. Hit the nail on the head, pointing out the root causes of the people's misery, the innocent sacrifice of the whole people and the barren land of the country. Then, taking a "pedestrian" who went to the battlefield at the age of fifteen and was still guarding the border at the age of forty as an example, the "frequency of point to line" was explained in detail to show the truth and reliability of the situation. "The blood in the side yard becomes a sea, and the heart of Emperor Wu is still fighting." "Huang Wu" is a metaphor for the Tang Dynasty in Chinese, but it actually refers to Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu boldly pointed the finger at the supreme ruler, which was a fierce protest from the heart and fully expressed the poet's furious grief.
The poet wrote here, and his pen turned sharply, opening up another thrilling realm. The poet begins with "You don't smell" and reminds readers to turn their eyes from the bloody frontier fortress court to the vast inland in a conversational tone. The "Han family" in the poem also implies the Tang Dynasty. In Woye, Harada, east of Huashan Mountain, thousands of villages fell, the countryside was deserted, and thorns were everywhere. The poet's imagination, from the scene before him to the scene of the whole country, from a little to universal, not only expanded the expressive ability of poetry, but also deepened the expressive depth of poetry.
Since "whatever they are asked to do", poets have entered another level. "Elder" is a title of respect for poets. "Serviceman" is a self-proclaimed infantry. "County official" refers to the Tang Dynasty. The sentence "elder" shows the spiritual shackles imposed on them by the rulers, but the pressure can't be suppressed, and the next sentence will eventually lead to complaints. Dare to be angry and dare not speak, and then finally say it, so that the difficulties and fears of the recruiter are extremely delicate and true. These sentences are about current events. Because of "sticking to the west of the city", a large number of able-bodied men were drafted into the army. The reason for "sticking to the west of the city" is because "Emperor Wu's heart is still beating for the war". How do they pay? ? Also echoed the previous "and in thousands of villages in Qian Qian, nothing grows except weeds". In this way, social reality is revealed more and more profoundly. A few short five-word sentences were suddenly used here, which not only expressed the deep sadness of the guards, but also showed their eagerness to talk about their difficulties. In this way, through the dictation of the parties, the double disasters imposed on the people by the militaristic tactics of the rulers were exposed from two aspects: seizing soldiers and forcing rents.
The poet went on to sigh with emotion: nowadays, it is better to have a boy than a girl. Girls can still marry their neighbors, and boys can only die in battle. This is a heartfelt accusation of blood and tears. The preference for boys over girls is a common social psychology under the feudal social system. However, due to years of war, a large number of men died. Under this cruel social condition, people's social psychology has changed. This change reflects how seriously people's thoughts have been destroyed! Finally, the poet described the long-standing tragic reality in a mournful style: the ancient battlefield near Qinghai was dusty, the bones were bare, the evil wind was piercing, and the ghosts were crying and howling. The cold and gloomy scene is chilling. Here, the bleak low tone is in sharp contrast with the buzzing atmosphere at the beginning, the sad ghost cry and the earth-shattering cry at the beginning. These are the consequences of "opening the border before it is over". At this point, the poet's full and hearty passion has been fully exerted, and the crime of belligerence in the Tang Dynasty has also been vividly displayed.
Chedian is a famous sentence of Du Fu, which has been highly praised by all dynasties. It reveals that the long-term military struggle of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty brought great disasters to the people, which has profound ideological content. It is also outstanding in art, first of all, it contains feelings in the narrative. This narrative poem, whether described in the previous paragraph or passed down from generation to generation in the latter paragraph, naturally runs through the whole poem with the poet's strong and profound thoughts and feelings, and the image of the poet's anxiety seems to be displayed in front of the readers. Secondly, in the narrative order, the ups and downs echo before and after, comfortable and affordable, changeable and orderly. In the first paragraph, people are crying in Ma Si, and the noisy atmosphere is rolling with dust, paving the way for the second paragraph to talk about their difficulties; The long narrative in the second paragraph further deepens the ideological content of the scene description in the first paragraph, which reflects each other and complements each other. At the same time, the development of the plot is closely combined with the transformation of sentence patterns and rhymes. With the narrative, sentence patterns and rhymes are constantly changing, and the use of three, five and seven words strengthens the expressive force of poetry. For example, the first two or three sentences are urgent and exciting. Later, in a large section of seven words, eight five words were suddenly interspersed, showing the irresistible passion of "pedestrians", which was particularly vivid. In terms of rhyme, the whole poem has eight rhymes, four levels and four levels, alternating with each other, cadence and emotion. Thirdly, turning sentences and idioms are used in the narrative, such as "and every time a bystander asks you a question, you can only tell him that you are leaving" interspersed in the long narrative. No matter what demands are made on them, do they dare to complain? ? And "I don't see you" and "I don't smell you" not only avoid lengthy monuments, but also constantly remind and arouse readers, resulting in thrilling artistic effects. The poet also adopted the word connection of folk songs, such as "They run after you, crying, they pull your sleeve, and their plaintive voice goes up to the clouds". And every time a bystander asks you a question, you can only tell him that you are leaving. They all came down one by one like pearls. Read it out loud, sonorous, harmonious and beautiful. Finally, the use of common spoken language, such as "Ye Niang's wife", "They run with you, cry, and they pull your sleeve" and "But their officials drive them to make trouble", is fresh and natural, which is a very prominent one in Du Fu's poems. In response to this comment, predecessors once said: "Miscellaneous ballads are the most susceptible, and the shallower they are, the more incisive they are." The use of these folk songs adds vivid and cordial appeal to this poem.