In the pre-Qin period, China's ancient literature produced a brilliant chapter, which was marked by the appearance of China's first collection of poems, The Book of Songs. There are 305 poems in The Book of Songs. According to the classification of music, * * * has three parts: wind, elegance and ode. In The Book of Songs, three expressive techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing were used flexibly, which initially formed the artistic tradition of folk song creation and laid the foundation for the later development of literary creation. Most of the chapters in The Book of Songs have a distinct sense of the times and people's nature. From the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, the rich and complicated social life and the diverse thoughts and feelings of the people at that time were truly and vividly reflected.
In the late Warring States period, a new poetic style with a unique style of Chu culture appeared in the south, that is, Chu Ci. Chu ci is mainly composed of six words and seven languages, with different lengths and flexibility, and the modal particle "Xi" is commonly used. Qu Yuan, a great patriotic poet, wrote nine songs and nine chapters in the form of Chu Ci. Li Sao, his masterpiece, is the most magnificent lyric poem in the history of China ancient literature. The Book of Songs and Songs of the South are both coquettish in the history of literature, and both * * * have expelled the excellent tradition of harmonious development of realism and romanticism in China's ancient poetry, setting an example for future generations.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, countries disputed and tourists rose. In the political and cultural environment where a hundred schools of thought contend, hundred schools of thought's essays appeared. Among them, the best essays are often thorough in reasoning, rigorous in logic, sharp in words and good at metaphor. The Analects of Confucius, Mencius or epigrams are brilliant in literary talent, and Zhuangzi is the most talented. Together with hundred schools of thought's essays, it is a historical prose mainly based on notes. Zuo Zhuan, Mandarin and Warring States Policy are the last order, or countries are different. Among them, the excellent chapters are full of twists and turns, with vivid characters, decent tailoring and high artistry. The description of characters in Warring States Policy is more individual, skillful and extravagant. It is the most valuable historical prose.
In the Han Dynasty, the unified empire pursued material and spiritual enjoyment, and used literature to sing and dance to promote national prestige, so Ci Fu came into being. Han Fu experienced several stages of development, such as Sao Fu, Da Fu and Lyric Fu, which had a direct impact on Wei Fu, Tang Fu and Song Fu. Yuefu poetry is the most valuable literary work in Han Dynasty. Yuefu was originally an official poetry collection institution established during the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, and the folk songs it collected were called Yuefu poems. Yuefu folk songs are mostly "from sadness to joy", which profoundly reflects all aspects of social life in the Han Dynasty and embodies the mentality, wishes and requirements of the working people at that time. It focuses on reflecting and expressing the spirit of social life and the complementary application of fu, bi and xing, which is in the same strain as the Book of Songs. However, it is good at narration, rich in life, and its sentence patterns are mainly miscellaneous words and five words, which reflects the new development of poetry art. Under the nurturing of Yuefu folk songs in the Han Dynasty, the five-word poems of literati in the Han Dynasty have gradually matured from brewing. Nineteen Ancient Poems, which appeared at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, marked the maturity of literati's five-character poems. This is a lyric short poem written by a group of poor scholars, which expresses the grievances of the lower class scholars in the turbulent society, and the emotional atmosphere is inevitably sentimental. Unlike the folk songs in the Han Yuefu, which are mostly narrative poems, Nineteen Ancient Poems are good at expressing emotions, euphemistically and implicitly, showing meticulous work in natural simplicity, and are praised as "the crown of five words" by later generations.