First of all, ancient poetry has the characteristics of conciseness, lyricism, brevity and rich space. In order to fully understand the artistic conception and implication of poetry, we must supplement and comprehend it by ourselves, which will give full play to students' imagination. At the same time, for primary school students, they have rich imagination, and they can use ancient poetry as a starting point to associate, supplement and create, thus building an imaginary picture. The ancients said that if you don't write a word, you will have a good time. That's the truth. This leads to its second function, namely, the training of creative thinking. This is a favorable opportunity to develop creative thinking.
Secondly, the teaching of ancient poems gives us a space to develop creative thinking and re-create art. When reading ancient poems, students have already seen most of the images depicted in the poems, and then use their imagination to reconstruct and combine the images memorized in their brains according to the poems, thus creating a new picture in their brains. In this way, they not only have a deeper understanding of poetry, but also give full play to their leading role and develop their creative thinking ability. It plays an important role in improving students' reading ability and writing ability, and then improving students' Chinese ability and promoting the development of intelligence.
Thirdly, ancient poetry combines the beauty of color, picture, artistic conception and artistic ingenuity, and has special aesthetic functions, from which students are influenced by beauty. "Painting in Poetry", "Emotion in Poetry" and "Rationality in Poetry" not only shine with the brilliance of beauty, but also give people profound enlightenment. It not only grasps the characteristics of "painting, emotion and reason", but also edifies and sublimates students' thoughts and sentiments by beauty. Therefore, the process of teaching ancient poetry in primary schools is actually an aesthetic process. For primary school students, a complete aesthetic system has not yet been formed. For good and evil, beauty and ugliness, good and evil, they often draw conclusions through external appearances, but cannot analyze their internal beauty and value. The teaching of ancient poems can just make up for this, because ancient poems often reflect an internalized and hidden emotion, and poets contain their own will and feelings in their poems, which is the so-called "poetry takes Tao as its meaning". Teachers can expand students' aesthetic vision by commenting on ancient poems, so that students can obtain a higher level of aesthetic experience and correct aesthetic standards.
In addition, the teaching of ancient poetry can absorb the beneficial essence of ancient poetry and carry forward the national traditional culture. Ancient poetry not only embodies the poet's profound understanding of social things and human philosophy, but also is the crystallization of working people's thoughts for thousands of years. It can make students cherish their new life, stimulate patriotic enthusiasm and homesickness for their friends, and teach them how to speak clearly and behave appropriately, so as to improve their ideological and moral quality in a subtle way. But also can cultivate students' interest in music, architecture and painting and promote their all-round development.
Therefore, to sum up, we can draw a conclusion that the study of ancient poetry is of positive significance to the cultivation of students' Chinese ability and other aspects. This requires our teachers to use correct methods to guide the teaching of ancient poetry, so that students can fully understand the artistic conception of ancient poetry.
Second, experience beauty and affection in reading.
(A) strengthen chanting, taste the beauty of ancient poetry.
The linguistic beauty of ancient poetry first refers to the musical beauty of language. Ancient poetry rhymes and quotes sentences, and the number of words and sentences is neat and balanced. It is catchy and naturally produces a sense of music, which makes people feel the beauty of sweet and smooth rhyme and even and harmonious rhythm. The linguistic beauty of ancient poetry also refers to the precise beauty and concise beauty of language, and each word contains extremely rich content. For example, Li Bai's "Looking at Lushan Waterfall": "Rizhao incense burner gives off purple smoke, and the waterfall hangs in front of Sichuan. Flying down three thousands of feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days. " The word "life" not only makes the incense burner peak "alive", but also vividly shows the scene of curling clouds in the mountains.
How to guide students to feel and understand the linguistic beauty of ancient poetry in teaching? I have always regarded reading aloud as a main thread in the teaching of ancient poetry. Read aloud in chorus and individually in the primary stage; In-depth study stage, reading aloud while understanding; After learning the whole poem, let the students read it repeatedly, or sing it with three sighs, or shake their heads and read it freely. Fang Yue in the Song Dynasty said: "Books are often never tired of reading, and poems must be lightly recited." . Only by letting students recite and savor repeatedly, rather than being satisfied with reciting, can students feel the linguistic beauty of ancient poetry.
(2) Stimulate imagination and understand the artistic beauty of ancient poetry.
Artistic conception is the artistic realm formed by the combination of the creator's aesthetic experience and emotion with the refined and processed life picture. In the study of ancient poetry, teachers should inspire students to develop rich imagination and understand the artistic beauty of ancient poetry. For example, the language of the poem "Leave a note for the absent ecluse" is quite refined. When reading this poem for the first time, it seems simple, but it is difficult to understand it carefully. The process of hermit arrival is not mentioned at all; Greetings and questions when meeting boys are also omitted; The boy answered many questions, but the poet only picked three sentences. There were not many questions, but the meaning was profound. In teaching, I first guide students to understand the general meaning and characters of the poem, and guide students to imagine: "What did the poet ask under the pine tree? Did he write it in the poem?" Can you sum up the boys' answers and add them through association? What would you say if you were extremely bookish? "Then let the students answer these questions one by one according to their own life experience, and let the students perform the dialogue in class in different roles. During the performance, the students were active in thinking, imaginative, fluent in answering, and accompanied by lively and interesting action performances, which vividly reproduced the scene they were looking for in the notes left for an absent poem and initially understood the artistic conception of the poem.
(3) Put words into emotions and experience the emotional beauty of ancient poetry.
"Emotion" is the root of ancient poetry. Poetry is the product of the poet's "emotional speech". Without emotion, there is no poem, and without the poet's sincere and strong feelings, it is impossible to produce touching poems. In teaching, the following methods can be adopted:
In ancient poetry, poets often integrate their emotions into the scenery they describe, creating an artistic realm of blending scenes, such as Meng Haoran's poem "Spring Dawn", in which every sentence describes the scenery and the lines are full of emotions. Poetry seems to describe the scenery, but in fact, it is lyrical and the scene blends, reaching the realm of non-decomposition. I guide students to start with the scenery, understand the words, reproduce the picture of the poem, and understand how the poet describes the scenery such as "bird singing", "wind and rain" and "falling flowers". Then, with the help of multimedia courseware, students are guided to understand the emotional color of the words "I don't know" and "I don't know how much" in the poem, so as to grasp the poet's deep affection for Xichun.
It is difficult for primary school students to understand the author's infinite love for spring, such as the poem "Singing Willow". When teaching, I first played a piece of music-"Spring", which vividly described the fields, lakes and forests in spring with beautiful lyrical tunes, brisk and stretching rhythms and poetic music language, and expressed the children's feelings of loving the motherland and spring. As soon as the students listen to the music, they are immersed in the beautiful spring scenery, as if they were there. At this time, when learning ancient poems, students will soon enter the situation. And the poet's beautiful willow has a * * * sound. After learning the whole poem, imagine while listening to music, and a poetic spring scene is presented to the students. They can't help but express their infinite love for spring and deeply appreciate the emotional beauty in the poem. The blending of music and emotion creates an artistic atmosphere for students to learn ancient poetry well.
Third, several misunderstandings in the teaching of ancient poetry
In the process of teaching ancient poetry in primary schools, teachers may have a good starting point, but they should also pay attention to methods, and should not rush to achieve success, resulting in the following misunderstandings:
1, downpour problem solving: some teachers are eager for quick success and instant benefit, not only introducing the author's life, but also introducing the living environment; Talking about political thoughts, writing characteristics and major achievements often leaves students in a state of confusion. After all, students' cognitive level is limited, and teaching should be carried out according to the actual situation.
2, cramming, injecting crosstalk: Crosstalk is an important method of teaching ancient poetry, but we should pay attention to inspire students to preview before class, and in the process of crosstalk, we must guide students to think that we can't cram and inject.
3. Random question and answer: The artistic image of ancient poetry is vivid and profound, which requires repeated reading and in-depth understanding. However, some teachers abused the question-and-answer method in the teaching of ancient poetry, which destroyed the integrity of ancient poetry and made students unable to understand its artistic conception well.
4. Swallowed-up translation: The translation of ancient poetry can help students better understand ancient poetry, but the teacher should be faithful and fluent in literal translation here, and try to keep the original intention and structure of poetry just right.
5. Analysis of literary appreciation: The analysis of ancient poetry in primary schools is not excluded, but we should pay attention to simplicity and a "degree". If we can't grasp this degree and talk about Kan Kan, it will not only fail to achieve the expected effect, but will be counterproductive. Because primary schools can't understand it so deeply, they can't understand it. After all, their knowledge level is limited.
6. Fancy performance: Although a certain performance can make students learn ancient poetry better, don't pursue form and novelty too much, and make ancient poetry nondescript and lively on the surface, which will substantially destroy the original intention of ancient poetry and waste the energy and enthusiasm of students and teachers.
The teaching of ancient poetry depends on teachers to strengthen their own literary accomplishment, do everything possible to stimulate students' interest, lead students into the sacred palace of ancient poetry, make students understand the splendid culture of the Chinese nation, enhance national pride, and thus stimulate their enthusiasm for learning the language and writing of the motherland. Learning ancient poetry is not only a kind of enjoyment, a kind of accumulation, but also a fusion of soul and poetry. In particular, Chinese teachers should optimize teaching, guide students to sing with the poet's emotions, grieve with the poet's emotions, rejoice with the poet's emotions, let the essence of classical literature penetrate into their blood, let life grow vividly in the nourishment of ancient poetry, let life accompany with ancient poetry and be fragrant for life.