Appreciation and evaluation
1. Grasp the imagery and artistic conception of poetry
The imagery of poetry:
The imagery of poetry is diverse and can be summarized into the following categories:
(1) Symbolic imagery
(2) Metaphorical imagery
(3) Descriptive imagery
(4) Synaesthetic imagery
2 ． Appreciating images in poetry
The so-called "image" refers to the pictures of life shown in literary works, which can generally be divided into human images and natural scenery
(1) Character images. In poetry The poet's image "I" generally refers to the lyrical protagonist, that is, the poet himself. It is different from the "I" in the novel (not the author himself).
(2) Scenery image. Scenery in the poem The image is the scene in the emotion. Lyrical poems are often subjective emotional images expressed with the help of objective objects (mountains, rivers, vegetation, etc.), that is, images containing "meaning", that is, "imagery". Poets generally use images to express themselves, and poets as The subject is often combined with the object of image. Sometimes there are several images in the poem, and there is a certain connection between each image.
When writing a general short review, you should pay attention to "blocking" first, that is, State the overall characteristics of the poet's image, and then use this as the "central argument" to analyze and demonstrate this argument from the specific vocabulary of the poem. The appreciation and evaluation of the other three aspects generally use this idea. It is worth noting that it must be Write around "this" argument. Beginners often lose the focus and write all aspects of the content in a short text.
The idea of ????appreciating the image of a poet is consistent with the method in other literary works, generally starting from We start with its "social status", "ideology", "character characteristics" and other aspects. However, these words should not appear in the specific writing process. What we borrow at this time is its methods and ideas.
3. Appreciating the language of works
The main characteristics of the language of poetry are: conciseness, image, emotion, and jumping. Appreciating the language of poetry mainly starts from these aspects. And these aspects are often combined As one.
4. Expression skills in appreciating works
Expression skills refer to the specific and special artistic means shown by the poet's flexible use of general creative rules and methods when using language and words to shape artistic images. It mainly examines artistic characteristics and expressions Form.
(1) Lyrical method.
Lyric method includes direct expression (expressing one’s heart directly) and indirect expression. The main means of indirect expression include borrowing scenes or objects to express emotions, and borrowing people or objects to express emotions. In addition to expressing aspirations, there are also blending emotions into scenery, nostalgic for the past and the present, and feeling for the immediate situation, etc.
(2) Expression techniques.
Expression techniques can be grasped from three aspects:
1. Creation methods: Fu, comparison, xing;
2. Expression methods: narrative, description, lyricism, discussion;
3. Conceptualization skills: Use movement to describe stillness, music and scenery to describe sadness, combine virtual and real, see the big from the small, combine points and aspects, imagine and associate, symbolic sustenance, etc.
Among these three aspects, the third aspect is the focus.
(3) Allusion.
The use of allusions in appreciating poetry mainly clarifies two points:
1. The source and meaning of the allusion.
2. The role of allusions. The main function of allusions in poetry before the Tang Dynasty was to increase the capacity of the poems, making the poems elegant, durable, and rich in literary talent; in the poetry and music after the Tang Dynasty, the main function was to cherish the past and regret the present. Chanting history and expressing aspirations.
(4) Style
Style is the overall ideological and artistic characteristics of a work determined by the creative personality. In general terms, style includes romanticism and reality From the perspective of the overall style of poetry, there are poetry, poetry, and music (vulgar), and poetry can be divided into bold and graceful.
1. Different styles have different differences. Characteristics:
Romanticism: good at expressing the passionate pursuit of the ideal world, often using exaggeration, passionate and unrestrained language, and magnificent and magical imagination. Representative poets include Qu Yuan, Li Bai, Li He, Su Shi, Gong Zizhen, etc.
Realism: focuses on accurately and delicately describing reality as life is, truly reflecting the people’s lives and pursuits. Representative poets include Du Fu, Xin Qiji, Lu You, etc.
2. Many poets have formed their own unique styles:
Su Shi, Xin Qiji: Bold Liu Yong, Li Qingzhao: Graceful Li Yu, Liu Yuxi: Juanyong
Xie Tiao, Xie Lingyun: natural Li Bai: Fresh and elegant Du Fu: melancholy and frustrated
Qu Yuan: majestic and tragic Wang Anshi: majestic and tall Tao Yuanming: distant and quiet
Wang Wei: tranquil and graceful Wang Changling: majestic and heroic Li He: majestic and strange
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Cao Cao: Bold and majestic
3. Different types of poetry have different styles:
Court poetry: lingering pastoral poetry: tranquility and tranquility Landscape poetry: fresh and beautiful
Frontier poems: sad and generous allegorical poems: melancholy and indignant poems Epic poems: majestic and majestic
(5) Rhetoric:
Mainly master the eight kinds of rhetoric required for the college entrance examination Techniques, the form of examination is generally to clearly identify the artistic techniques of rhetoric and analyze the artistic effects of rhetoric.
5. Evaluate the ideological content of the work
First, thoughts and feelings:
There are three main points to examine:
1. Emotional categories: sadness, anger, hatred, sadness , joy, joy, longing, parting and regretting, nostalgia for the past and the present, etc.
2. Emotional carriers: willows - parting chrysanthemums - proud full moon - reunion and fallen leaves - frustration, etc.
3. Lyrical method: See the "Appreciation of Expression Skills" section above
Second, the main content:
The main test items are:
1 , the cultural common sense, common sense of life, historical allusions, myths and legends and natural phenomena involved.
2. The main idea or connotation of a certain poem.
3. The poet’s ideological tendency and politics Advice, ambition pursuit, life experience, etc.
4. Era background, social reality.