1945165438+10, China Yanbian state Committee was established. Mass organizations such as labor groups, farmers' groups, youth groups and women's groups were merged into NLD (Yanbian area), NLD (Mudanjiang area) and NLD (Liaoning, Harbin, Tonghua and other areas) respectively. During 1946, the Korean people actively participated in and supported the war of liberation, and 50,000 Koreans joined the army in Yanbian alone. After the outbreak of the Korean War, a large number of Korean youths responded to the call of "resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea and defending the country", participated in Chinese people's Volunteer Army, and generally carried out patriotic donation campaigns to support preferential treatment for the army, which made great contributions to the victory of the Korean War. 1952 On September 3rd, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture was established, with Zhu Dehai as the first chairman. 1955 was renamed as an autonomous prefecture. Changbai Korean Autonomous County of Jilin Province was founded in 1958. Korean people living in various places have also established dozens of ethnic townships. During the Cultural Revolution, Mao Yuanxin went to Yanbian to provoke ethnic disputes and persecuted thousands of innocent Korean cadres and masses.
socioeconomics
1945 after War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the Korean-inhabited areas were liberated one after another, and the people's democratic regime under the leadership of the Communist Party of China was established. 1946 land reform. After the founding of New China, especially since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Chinese Production Party, the Korean people have undergone profound changes in all aspects and their lives have improved significantly. In order to make full use of the above-ground and underground resources in the Korean-inhabited areas and develop the national economy, the industry, agriculture, transportation, post and telecommunications in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture are developing vigorously under the brilliant light of the party's ethnic policy. Yanbian Prefecture has industrial and mining enterprises such as steel, coal, electric power, machinery, non-ferrous metals, textiles, rubber, fertilizers, paper-making, printing, food, ceramics and pharmaceuticals. The industrial system has begun to take shape, and it is one of the production bases of ethnic special products in China. The total industrial output value is increasing year by year. All-round development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and by-products production. Yanbian is the hometown of rice in the north of China, with excellent varieties and good climatic conditions. They actively introduce science and technology to increase rice production every year. The variety of fruits is complete, with the nationally famous apples and pears as the bulk. Flue-cured tobacco production is also considerable, and it is one of the main flue-cured tobacco producing areas in China, represented by Changbai Mountain brand cigarettes. Ginseng and pilose antler are also traditional products in this area, which have a long reputation.
The Korean nation has a long national traditional culture. Many beautiful and moving myths have been handed down from generation to generation. Korean myths include Dangun myth, Go Jumong myth, Park Hao's myth of living in the world, Jin Shou Wang Lou myth, Xi Tuo Wang Jie myth, Jin Changzhi myth, Genesis, Shi Mei's marriage, wood road's marriage with island girls, Princess Barry and Chengzao Ben song. Folk literature also includes folk songs, legends, folk stories, folk dramas and other forms. Korean folklore includes historical legends, legends of people, legends of local scenery and legends of animals and plants. The representative works of landscape legends and animal and plant legends include Jindalai, Hundred Days Red and Three Stars. Min Tanduo is a life story as well as a fantasy story. His main works are Young Hercules, Korean Pine Ginseng and Mother and Child Affection. In these stories, the contrast between beauty and ugliness, good and evil is very obvious in the relationship between characters. /kloc-from the end of 0/9 to the beginning of the 20th century, novels and poems began to develop, with the appearance of Wen An's Duty to Serve the Country, Five Military Poems of China, Morning Star and the short story Dream of Heaven. After the September 18th Incident, Korean literature flourished with the development of the anti-Japanese armed struggle. Revolutionary songs and dramas circulating in the anti-Japanese base areas have opened the curtain of modern Korean new literature. Anti-Japanese songs, national liberation songs, United front songs and warm-blooded songs have added new contents to Korean literature in the anti-Japanese national salvation struggle. The representative works of short stories and poems in this period include Night, Lost in Sun Shan, Big Dipper, Red Heart in May, etc. In addition, great achievements have been made in the collection and arrangement of folk literature.
General situation of economy
Due to the international financial crisis, the Korean economy suffered setbacks. In 2009, South Korea's GDP was US$ 800.3 billion, falling to 15 in the world. According to the public ranking on the World Bank website, South Korea's GDP is 15 after Australia (14). In 2003, South Korea's nominal GDP ranked 1 1, only one step away from 10, that is, it dropped by four places in just six years. Experts pointed out that the biggest reason is that the Korean economy has no growth potential. South Korea is a typical export-oriented economy with a relatively large proportion of exports. Due to the lack of natural resources, the country is small and has no development potential. According to the latest data, the International Monetary Fund predicts that South Korea's economy will experience a negative growth of at least 4.0% in 2009 due to the rapid decline of both exports and domestic demand. The main reason why the International Monetary Fund is bearish on South Korea's economic prospects is that foreign demand for Korean goods has plummeted, and South Korea's exports have fallen faster than expected. According to the data released by the government, South Korea's exports fell sharply year-on-year, with a record decline. South Korea's job market is also not optimistic. Since June, 5438+February, 2008, due to the fear of rapid economic deterioration, a large number of enterprises in South Korea laid off employees on a large scale, resulting in the double-digit unemployment rate in South Korea. Recently, South Korea's current account deficit has been expanding, the foreign exchange situation has deteriorated seriously, and credit difficulties have intensified. As a result, the Korean exchange rate has depreciated sharply, the real purchasing power of the people has shrunk seriously, and the decline in private consumption has become increasingly serious. Under the rule of Li Chengwan, South Korea never paid attention to economic development. After park chung-hee took office, he determined the development strategy of export-oriented economy and started the famous "miracle of Hanjiang River". South Korea's economy began to grow gradually, achieving a "triple jump" in industries such as electronics, automobiles, steel and shipbuilding. Driven by the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, there was a growth of 12.8% that year. South Korea's agricultural development is extremely slow, and it does not occupy an important position in the national economy, and its proportion in the gross national product is also declining. The grain self-sufficiency rate is not high, showing a downward trend. Korea used to be a traditional agricultural country. The proportion of agriculture in the Korean economy is getting smaller and smaller, and its status is getting lower and lower. South Korea is a big importer of agricultural products, and its import volume tends to increase. However, its agricultural market is extremely sensitive to foreign investment, and it is an economic sector with a small degree of opening to the outside world. The existing cultivated land area is 6.5438+0.782 million hectares (26.73 million mu), accounting for 654.38+0.789% of the country's land area, mainly distributed in the western and southern plains and hilly areas. The proportion of the total land area is shrinking. The per capita arable land area is 0.54 mu. With the progress of industrialization, the agricultural population is gradually decreasing, and the existing agricultural shipbuilding industry
The population accounts for about 6.8% of the total population. The main industrial sectors are steel, automobile, shipbuilding, electronics, textiles and so on. The news that the Nordic country Iceland went bankrupt shocked the whole world. Although the impact of the international financial crisis on the Asia-Pacific region is relatively small, experts generally believe that South Korea, which also opens its financial market, may become the "Asian version of Iceland". As the Korean won continues to weaken, those small and medium-sized enterprises with US dollar or Japanese yen loans are struggling and can only watch the principal and interest to be repaid roll up. In order to ensure foreign exchange reserves, the Bank of Korea banned the extension of some foreign currency loans due, and a large number of Korean enterprises faced the fate of bankruptcy. The number of bankrupt enterprises in Korea has increased sharply. [1] The extreme poverty rate (the proportion of extremely poor families to the total population) in South Korea is relatively high, and the growth rate is also very fast. OECD analyzed the poverty rate according to the proportion of poor people, and the results showed that among the 30 major member countries, South Korea ranked sixth, reaching 14.6% (based on 2006). This figure is significantly higher than that of Switzerland (8.7%), Britain (8.3%) and Germany (1 1%). In addition, this figure also exceeds the average level of all OECD countries (10.6%).
culture
Folk Village, Andong City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
Korea has its own characteristics in literature and art, and Korean art mainly includes painting, calligraphy, printmaking, technology and decoration. , not only inherited the national tradition, but also absorbed the expertise of foreign art. Among them, the mask, also known as "mask dance", is a symbol of Korean culture and occupies an extremely important position in Korean traditional drama. Korean culture is obviously influenced by China. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Silla on the Korean Peninsula sent people to China to study China's culture and strategy of governing the country, and even brought some things back directly. China's culture had a long-term influence on Silla, which was strengthened by absorbing China's culture, thus unifying the Korean Peninsula. Korea is a country that attaches great importance to education. There are thousands of colleges and universities in China. National Seoul National University is the number one comprehensive university in Korea. Yonsei University and Korea University are also famous. In addition, there are Sungkyunkwan University, Xijiang University, Central University, Kyung Hee University, Hanyang University, Tankook University, Jianguo University, Loyalty University, Sejong University, Ewha Women's University, Gyeongbuk University, Chungbuk University, Pohang University of Technology, Busan University, Jeonbuk University, Busan University of Foreign Studies, Renhe University, inje university and Beicai University.
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