He founded Russian national literature and literary language, and set an example for Russian literature in various fields such as poetry, novels, drama and even fairy tales. Pushkin was also praised by Gorky as "the beginning of all beginnings". Born into an aristocratic family, he began to write poetry at an early age and studied at Huangcun High School, which was established by the Russian imperial government to train aristocratic children. During my study, I was influenced by progressive December Party members and some progressive thinkers. Many poems published later attacked serfdom and praised freedom and progress. In addition to poetry, Pushkin's major works mainly include novella The Captain's Daughter, Founder of Historical Documentary, novella Dubrovski, and Belgin's novels. Pushkin was persecuted by the czar government in his creative activities. 1837 was killed in an arranged duel. His creation had a far-reaching impact on the development of Russian literature and language.
As a child, Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin was disciplined by a French tutor and received an aristocratic education. At the age of eight, he was able to write poems in French. His family has a rich collection of books and makes friends with literary celebrities. His nanny from serfdom often told him Russian folk stories and legends, which made him appreciate the rich Russian since childhood. And has a strong interest in folk creation.
18 1 1 year, Pushkin entered Huangcun School, a school for aristocratic children, and began his literary creation career at the age of 12. 18 15 in the senior high school entrance examination, he recited his own "nostalgia for the ancient imperial village", which showed his outstanding poetry writing ability, especially the beauty and exquisiteness of poetry. In his early poems, he imitated the romantic poets Bachu Skov and Zhukovsky, and learned the style of the French poet Andrei Che Nier from17th century to18th century. While studying in Huangcun Middle School, he was also influenced by the French Enlightenment and made friends with some security officers who later became party member in December. His thought of opposing czar's autocracy and pursuing freedom was initially formed.
Pushkin went to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Petersburg after graduation. During this period, he was deeply influenced by the December Party members and their ideas of democracy and freedom. He joined the Green Light Society, a literary group associated with the secret organization of December Party members, and wrote many poems against serfdom and eulogizing freedom, such as Ode to Freedom and To Chaadayev and the Country. 1820, Pushkin wrote a fairy tale narrative poem "ruslan and lyudmila". Pushkin used vivid folk language in his poems, which was different from classical poetry in content and form, and challenged the aristocratic traditional literature.
Pushkin's works aroused the anxiety of the czar government. 1820 was sent to work in southern Russia, which was actually a disguised exile. During this period, he had more frequent contacts with members of the1February Party and attended some secret meetings in The Decemberists. His thought of pursuing freedom is clearer and stronger. Pushkin has written masterpieces such as Short Sword, Prisoner, To the Sea, and a set of "Southern Poems", among which there are four romantic narrative poems: Prisoner of Caucasus, Brother of Bandits, Tears of Sarah in Bahce and Cigang. He also wrote many beautiful lyric poems, such as Sunset, which expressed the poet's strong desire for freedom. Since this period, Pushkin has fully demonstrated his unique style. And let everyone know about the society at that time.
1824- 1825 Pushkin was sent back to Mikhailovsk village, the territory of his parents in Pskov region, where he spent two years.
1826, Tsar Nicholas I ascended the throne and recalled Pushkin to Moscow, but he was still under the secret surveillance of the Tsar police. Pushkin did not change his attitude towards The Decemberists. He had an illusion about the new czar, hoping that Nicholas I could pardon The Decemberists in exile in Siberia, but the illusion was quickly shattered, so he wrote a political lyric poem "To the Prisoner of Siberia" to express his loyalty to The Decemberists's ideal. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/830, Pushkin spent three months in his father's territory, which was the harvest period of his life's creation and was called "the autumn of Polkino" in the history of literature. He finished the poetic novel yevgeni onegin written from 1823, and created the image of the first "superfluous man" in Russian literature, which became his most important work. He also wrote Belgin's Tales, Tragic Knight, Mozart and Charlery, Plague Banquet, The Stone Man and nearly 30 lyric poems. The postmaster in Belgin's short stories is a model of Russian short stories, which opens the tradition of shaping "little people" and his realistic creation is in full swing.
Pushkin moved to Petersburg in 183 1 and still works in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He went on to create many works, including the narrative poem The Bronze Knight, the fairy tale poem The Fisherman and the Goldfish and the short story The Queen of Spades. He also wrote two novels about farmers, Du Blovsky and the Captain's Daughter.
1836 Pushkin founded the literary magazine Modern People. This publication was edited by belinsky, Necrasov, Chernyshevski and Dobro Lyubov. Until the 1960s of 19, it not only trained a large number of outstanding writers, but also became the mouthpiece of Russian progressives.
Nikolaevna Goncharova, Pushkin's wife, was desecrated by the captain of the French gendarmerie, Duntis, which led to the duel between Pushkin and Duntis in 1837. 1on February 8, 837, Pushkin and Dantè s fought a decisive battle and suffered serious abdominal injuries. Two days later, he died in February of 10 (65438+129/0) at the age of 38.
His early death made Russian progressive literati sigh: "The sun of Russian poetry has set!"
If life cheats you.
Russian original text
Если жизнь тебя обманет
Если жизнь тебя обманет,
Не печалься,не сердись!
В день уныния смирись:
День веселья, верь, настанет.
Сердце в будущем живёт;
Настоящее уныло:
Все мгновенно,все пройдёт;
Что пройдёт, то будет мило.
Chinese translation
If life cheats you.
If life deceives you,
Don't be sad, don't be impatient!
You need to keep calm in blue days;
Believe it, happy days will come!
The heart always yearns for the future;
I am often depressed now.
Everything is instantaneous, and everything will pass;
And what has passed will become a kind of nostalgia.
To Kane
Russian original text
Я по? мнию чу? дное мгнове? нье:
Передо мной яви? лась ты,
Как мимолётное виде? нье,
Как ге? ний чи? стой красоты? .
В томле? ньях гру? сти безнаде? жной,
В трево? гах шу? мной суеты?
Звуча? л мне до? лго го? лос не? жный
И сни? лись ми? лые черты? .
Шли го? ды .Бурь поры? в мяте? жный
Рассе? ял пре? жние мечты? ,
И я забы? л тво? й го? лос не? жный
Твои? небе? сные черты?
В глуши? ,во мра? ке заточе? нья
Тяну? лись ти? хо дни мои
Без божества? ,без вдохнове? нья
Без слёз,без жи? зни,без любви? .
Душе? наста? ло пробужде? нье
И вот опя? ть яви? лась ты
Как мимолётное виде? нье
Как ге? ний чи? стой красоты?
И се? рдце бъётся в упое? нье
И для него воскре? сли вно? вь
И божество? и вдохнове? нье
И жизнь ,и слёзы,и любо? вь.
Chinese translation
I remember that wonderful moment:
You appeared in front of me,
Like a flash in the pan,
Like a pure and beautiful elf.
In the torment of despair and sadness,
In the noisy and illusory chaos,
Your gentle voice echoed in my ear for a long time,
I still see your lovely face in my sleep.
Many years have passed. Fanatical passion
Dispel past dreams,
So I forgot your gentle voice,
And your angelic face.
In the backcountry, in the dark life of imprisonment,
My years passed quietly,
Lost desire, lost inspiration,
I lost my tears, my life and my love.
Now the soul has begun to awaken:
So you showed up in front of me,
Like a flash in the pan,
Like a pure and beautiful elf.
My heart is beating with ecstasy,
For it, everything woke up again,
With longing and inspiration,
With life, tears and love.
(translated by Ge Baoquan)