The Book of Songs is a collection of poems before the 6th century BC. This is China's first collection of poems. 305 poems were collected from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period. Some of them are sacrificial songs and music songs preserved by the master of music, and the other part-which is also an increasingly important part-is folk songs collected and sorted out. These poems are composed of wind, elegance and ode.
Ode is a sacrificial song of "Tell the God of Success". Zhou Fu 3 1 piece, Lu Fu 4, Shang Fu 5, a total of 40 pieces. These poems are dedicated to ancestors, mountains and rivers, and farmers.
"Ya" is divided into "Ya" and "Ya". "Elegance" is used for grand banquet ceremony and "Xiaoya" is used for general banquet ceremony, both of which are music songs of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Among them, there are narrative poems, lyric poems, eulogizing the heroes of the previous generation, and satirizing the politics at that time. *** 105, most of which are highly realistic works.
"Wind" is a folk song, including the folk songs of fifteen places, which is the so-called "fifteen-country wind". Fifteen places are:,, Tai, Wei, Wang, Zheng, Qi, Wei, Tang, Qin, Chen, Qi, Cao, etc. Most of them are in the Yellow River valley. There are *** 160 articles about "wind", most of which are works that people express their feelings. These poems occupy a major position in the Book of Songs and are more realistic than Ya Song.
The famous articles in The Book of Songs are:
July accuses society of injustice.
"Cutting Sandalwood" exposes the unearned gains of the parasitic class.
Storytelling expresses hatred for exploiters and love for the hazy "promised land".
"June" shows the will to struggle for the reunification of the motherland.
"Picking the EU" shows loyalty to the motherland in a difficult environment.
"No Clothes" shows the fighting spirit of sharing weal and woe.
Guan Ju shows the passionate pursuit of young men and women.
The Quiet Girl shows sincere and passionate love.
Self-protection shows the sadness that women are abandoned by men.
The form of The Book of Songs is mainly four words. A poem is divided into several chapters, each chapter only changes a few rhymes, and each chapter has different rhymes. Repeat chapters and sentences, and sing again and again.
The expressions in The Book of Songs are mainly "Fu", "Bi" and "Xing".
"Fu" is a description.
"Bi" is a metaphor.
"Xing" means saying one thing first to arouse what you want to say. For example, "Guan Guan dove is in Hezhou." The beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman. "The first two sentences are called" Xing ".
Before the Han Dynasty, The Book of Songs was only called "Poetry" or "Poetry 300". The word "Jing" was added by Han Confucianism. As Confucius said, "poetry is 300", in a word, innocent. "The poems in the Book of Songs are often quoted in Zuo Zhuan, and the words" poem cloud "are often used.
The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Yijing and Chunqiu constitute the five Confucian classics, which are required reading classics of Confucianism.
Confucius spoke highly of The Book of Songs. For example, the sentence mentioned above translated as "There are 300 Books of Songs, which, in one sentence, means that there is nothing impure in thought". Regarding Guan Yu, Confucius commented: "Guan Yu is happy but not lewd, and sad but not hurt." After listening to Guan Ju's singing, Confucius said happily, "Guan Ju's chaos echoed at the beginning of the teacher's piety!" From the beginning of Tai's performance to the end of Guan Ju, rich and wonderful music filled my ears!
At the end of the Warring States Period, Qu Yuan, a great poet in the history of China literature, appeared in Chu State, and he created a new poetic style, which was called "Chu Ci" by later generations. Chu Ci was created by Qu Yuan on the basis of Chu folk songs, with different sentence lengths, flexible sentence patterns and more Xi characters. At that time, in addition to Qu Yuan, there were Song Yu and Jing Qiong. Most of their works have been lost, and only Song Yu left Nine Arguments, Ode to Disciples, Feng Fu, Gao, Goddess Fu and Evocation. The following mainly introduces Qu Yuan's works.
Qu Yuan, Ping Ming, "original" his words. Born into a noble family in Chu, he received a good education and had a high literary and political talent. When I was young, Chu Huaiwang trusted me. But later left out in the cold, not trusted by Chu Huaiwang. Later, he was exiled. Although he was later recalled, he was soon exiled until he died in Guluo River on May 5, 278 BC.
Qu Yuan's works include Li Sao, Nine Chapters, Tian Wen and Nine Songs.
Li Sao is Qu Yuan's main work and China's earliest and longest lyric poem. * * * three hundred and seventy-three sentences, two thousand four hundred and ninety words. Li Sao's name was interpreted by Sima Qian in Biography of Qu Yuan in Historical Records as "Li Sao is still worried", which means sadness. The poem describes the poet's "troubles" and repeatedly expresses deep concern. This poem can almost be regarded as the poet's "autobiography", which twists and turns to write the poet's thoughts and actions for most of his life. Li Sao shows the poet's yearning for the motherland and his love for the people. Qu Yuan is a great patriotic poet, and he has great ambitions to save Chu from danger, all of which are shown in his poems.
The nine chapters include nine poems: Ode to Shejiang, Mourning for the Dead, Portrait Poem, History, Past, Ode to Orange, and Return from Sorrow. It's not a temporary work, but it was pieced together in the Western Han Dynasty, with the name of nine chapters. Most of these poems were written by alienated or exiled poets, and most of them showed their nostalgia for their hometown. The poems in Nine Chapters, except Ode to an Orange, are mostly the same in theme and thought as Lisao, but their expressions are quite different, which highlights the diversity of artistic styles of Qu Yuan's works.
There are eleven "Nine Songs", and "Nine" means nothing. These poems are related to shrines. The ancients thought it was Qu Yuan's exile. At that time, they saw the music and dance of the local folk temple gods and wrote Nine Songs. The gods in Jiuge Shrine are Sun God (Dong Jun), Life Death (Priestess of Death), Life Death (Shao Siming), Yellow River God (Hebo), Xiang Water God (Xiang Jun and Mrs. Xiang), Mountain God (Mountain God) and Eastern Taidi.
Tian Wen is a very strange poem. Most of them are four sentences, two sentences or a group of four sentences. The poet raised more than 100 questions in one breath, and raised many questions about natural phenomena, myths and legends, historical stories and so on. It shows Qu Yuan's rich imagination.
In addition to the poems by Qu Yuan and Song Yu, there are several poems in The Songs of the South Zhang Ju that can't judge the author. There are Yuan You, Buju and Fisherman. The authors of these poems have always been controversial in history, and they seem to be the works of Chu people at that time, among which Buju and Fisherman are of great value.
The above introduces the poems in pre-Qin literature, which constitute pre-Qin literature with pre-Qin historical prose and various schools of thought prose.
The ballads of primitive society include "Dage" and "Wax Ci" by Yi Yi, which reflect the productive labor at that time and pray for good weather. And "The Song of Beating the Earth",
Legends such as Song of the South Wind are the works of emperors such as Huang Yao. Ancient poetry of Zhouyi; Some ballads and oracles are derived from ancient stone drums, animal bones and tortoise shells.