"Willow" is a poem written by Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. He sings about willow and hurts himself. This poem is about the willow tree in autumn, but the poet does not write it from the front, but remembers its spring scenery first and then returns to the willow tree in front of him. The whole poem is meaningful, implicit and euphemistic. There is not a word "willow" in the whole article, but every sentence is about willow, every sentence is about scenery, every sentence is about things, and every sentence is about people, expressing the lament for the sparse and withered autumn willow. The autumn willow in the poem has experienced the disparity between the present and the present, which is a vivid portrayal of the poet's self-sighing life experience.
original text
willow
I used to dance in the east wind, and I enjoyed a trip to the Spring Garden.
How to be willing to clear autumn (3), accompanied by sunset and cicada singing (4)!
To annotate ...
① East wind: refers to the spring breeze. One of Tang Li Bai's poems "Drinking Spring Water Alone": "The east fan is Shu Qi, and Shui Mu Rong Chunhui." Dance feast: a feast of singing and dancing.
⑵ Leyou: the province of Leyou Garden Scenic Area, also known as Leyou Garden, is located in the southeast of Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty and now in the suburb of Xi, Shaanxi. Heartbroken day: refers to the day when spring blooms. Heartbreak: ecstasy.
(3) Willing to arrive: I will arrive. Clear autumn: sunny and bright autumn. Jin's poem "Nine Wells of Huan Gong in South China" says: "A unique clear autumn day can make you happy."
(4) Sunset: The sun that sets westward in the evening. Don Zhao Huan's poem "Looking East": "The setting sun reflects Tingshan as a temple, and the micro-green trees spread all over Sichuan."
Vernacular translation
I used to be in the garden of Beijing, in the heartbreaking and ecstatic spring, chasing the wine feast dancing in the spring breeze.
Such a clear autumn day has brought a sunset and a sad heart, so how can we stay?
Creation background
This poem was written by a poet hired by Dongchuan to Liu Zhongying in the fifth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (85 1) in the early years of Chang 'an. After Li Shangyin was replaced by Liu Zhongying, he stayed away from the willow curtain for several years, so his willow poems often used official surnames to express his feelings. This poem is one of them. When the poet wrote this poem, his wife had just died, and soon he would go to Shu alone, live a boring shogunate life, mourn his wife and lament the road ahead, feeling miserable.
Make an appreciative comment
This is a four-line poem that hurts oneself with willow and pours out my heart. The poet used the image of willow to express his feelings.
The poem is about the willow in autumn, but the poet does not start now, but remembers its spring scenery first, and then returns to the willow in front of him. One or two sentences: "I danced in the east wind, and the spring garden was heartbroken." It means that the slender drooping willow branches in spring are blown by the wind, which is most likely to remind people of the dancing of dancers. This word "dance" vividly shows the graceful appearance of the spring willow, and at the same time combines the willow branches with the lively dance feast to further set off the joy of the willow branches. The word "dance banquet" seems to make people see the scene of willow branches dancing with dancers, and they can't tell who is the dancer and what is willow branches. The two complement each other and are beautiful! Originally, willow branches were blown by the east wind, but the word "one by one" was used in the poem, which said that willow branches were chasing the east wind, turning passive into active, and writing about the vitality of willow branches. After the antithesis, there was a dance banquet, which was described from the time and place, indicating that this was not an ordinary dance banquet, but a dance banquet in the spring music garden. "heartbroken day" refers to the day when spring blooms. "heartbroken" is ecstasy, and the color and fragrance of flowers make people ecstatic. The spring breeze is rippling and a hundred flowers are blooming, and the ladies and gentlemen in Chang 'an Le Garden are like clouds. The banquet is full of flowers, the flute is playing, the red skirt is flying, the green sleeves are flying, and the green willow branches are dancing with the dancers. What a beautiful and prosperous scene.
Three or four sentences: "How come it's clear autumn, accompanied by sunset and cicadas!" But suddenly, the willow tree depicted is completely different. "Clear autumn" means that autumn is already deep; Clear autumn is also a sunset, and the environment is even more desolate. Near the end of life, Qiu Chan's singing is even more mournful. Originally, the setting sun shone on the willow branches, and Qiu Chan wailed on them, but in the poem, the word "belt" was used to indicate that the willow branches were "carrying" them, just like the word "one by one" in the first sentence, which changed the willow branches from passive to active, turned the objective dead scene into a living scene, and showed the misfortune of willow trees in autumn. The third sentence is a rhetorical question, a sigh and a turning point. The word "Ken" may be interpreted as "Hui" (see Zhang Xiang's Collection of Poems, Songs and Ci), but if it is interpreted as "Ken", it seems more poetic: Since autumn is so depressed, why are you (Liu) willing to endure it? The implication is that it is better not to come in autumn, which is very painful. The turning point here, coupled with such a sudden and powerful turning point as "how to get there", enhances the sense of contrast. The prosperity of willow in spring reflects the decline of willow in autumn; The more prosperous and proud spring is, the more haggard autumn is. It is through this strong contrast that this poem expresses the lament for the sparse and withered autumn willow. The use of function words in these two sentences is also subtle. The third sentence "How" and "Would you like to come" can be used together to make rhetorical questions and sighs stronger. Sentences ending in "with" and "with" are more progressive.
The vivid portrayal of "Liu" in this poem mainly benefits from the comprehensive use of various techniques in the poem.
First, the poet used personification rhetoric in many places when shaping the image of Liu. In spring, the willow grows long, swaying with the wind, but the poet does not directly describe it, but gives the word "plant" to make it personalized. Coupled with the word "dance banquet", it is easier for people to think that the wicker fluttering in the wind is a beautiful woman dancing at the banquet, with green sleeves swaying from side to side, which is really beautiful. It can be said that the anthropomorphic technique is used deeply and without trace. The third sentence "Ken" was written by Liu Zuoren. The word "Dai" in the fourth sentence is clearly the person who wrote Liu. The poet said that the setting sun shines on the willow and Qiu Chan sings the willow, but this contradiction highlights the image of the willow.
Second, the clever use of contrast is another feature of this poem. The first two sentences of this poem mainly describe the willows in spring, write a tapestry dancing with the wind, write the flowers in Le Garden, and also write a lively and grand dance feast in Le Garden in spring. It seems that people are immersed in it, making people feel the spring and the sleeves are fluttering. In a word, it presents a lively scene. The last two sentences of the poem are extremely sad in autumn. Autumn is clear autumn, the sun goes down and cicadas sing. A series of bleak images combine to form a bleak autumn scenery. There is a sharp contrast between before and after, which has a great impact on people's emotions.
Third, the clever use of function words. There are 28 words in the whole poem, and there are five function words: Zeng, How, Ken, Already and Again. These five words all play a key role in the poem. Without Zeng, you can't see yesterday's willow and spring willow, so autumn willow has less bedding and less contrast. Without "how" and "Ken", Liu's image is not vivid enough, and her rhetorical tone is not strong enough. "Self" and "You" themselves constitute a parallel relationship. Here, the combination of the two seems to have a progressive meaning, which makes the sadness of autumn willow vivid. The use of five function words not only makes the expression more accurate, but also makes people feel meaningful and memorable.
Fourth, the use of symbols. This poem is no exception. The poet wrote about willows in spring and willows in autumn. The so-called "self-injury and self-destruction" is also true. The willow in spring is a portrayal of the poet in his prime. He is proud of the spring breeze and cherishes the world. The willow in autumn is today's poet. He has long been exiled, living a hard life and drifting away. The poet does not directly pour out his own life experience, but expresses it through the image of willow, with his thoughts spinning and his hidden front looming. It is meaningful and profound, and the words are endless, leaving readers with rich imagination space.
From the creative point of view, the poet has made great efforts in selecting materials and conceiving. The choice, contrast and personification of the image of "Liu" are ingenious, but people can't feel the traces of carving. As the saying goes, exquisite and natural.
Brief introduction of the author
Li Shangyin (AD 8 13-858), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was named Yishan, nicknamed Yu (Xi) and Fan Nansheng. Han nationality, originally from Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang, Henan), was born in Xingyang (now Xingyang, Zhengzhou, Henan). Li Shangyin has made great achievements in poetry. Together with Du Mu, he was called "Little Du Li" and Wen was called "Wen Li", which was similar to Duan Hewen in the same period, and both of them ranked sixteenth in the family, so they were called "Thirty-six Style". His poems are novel in conception and beautiful in style. Especially some love poems are sentimental and popular. However, some poems are too obscure to understand, and there is even a saying that "poets love Quincy, but only hate that no one writes about Jian Zheng". Caught in the struggle between Niu and Li, I was frustrated all my life. The author of Li Yishan's poems.