Graceful and restrained school is a school of China's Song Ci. Graceful, that is, tactfully implicit. Its main characteristics are that the content focuses on children's amorous feelings, the structure is profound and meticulous, the melody is euphemistic and harmonious, the language is round and beautiful, and there is a kind of femininity. The representatives of graceful and restrained school are Liu Yong, Zhang Xian, Yan Shu, Yan, Ouyang Xiu, Qin Guan, He Zhu, Zhou Bangyan, Li Qingzhao and Li Yu.
Bold school is one of the Ci schools formed in China Song Dynasty. Writers of the Northern Song Dynasty, such as Wang Anshi, Su Shi and Su Zhe, all used the word "uninhibited" to comment on poetry. Su Shi was the first to discuss ci with "boldness".
On the whole, the characteristics of bold and unconstrained ci are that the creative vision is broad, magnificent, and the words are written in poetic ways and syntax, with a large vocabulary and many things used, which do not conform to the rhythm. However, sometimes it is dull and even involves crazy shouting. According to Yu Wenbao's "Record of Continued Blowing Sword" in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Dongpo is in Yutang, and there are good songs, because he asked,' What is my word like Liu Qi?' Yes, Liu Langzhong said,' Liu Langzhong's words are only 178 girls, holding red fangs and singing the waning moon. Bachelor degree, must be a big shot in Kansai, holding a bronze pipa and singing the river of no return. "Volkswagen was completely defeated." This story shows the contrast between two different styles of words. People in the Southern Song Dynasty have clearly regarded Su Shi and Xin Qiji as the representatives of the uninhibited school, and they have been inherited to this day.
Ouyang Xiu was the first literary leader to create a generation of literary style in the literary history of the Song Dynasty. He led the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty, and inherited and developed Han Yu's ancient prose theory. His high achievements in prose creation and his correct theory of ancient prose complement each other, thus creating a generation of writing style. Ouyang Xiu not only changed the style of writing, but also innovated the style of poetry. In historiography, there are also high achievements.
Compared with Yan Shu's ci, Ouyang Xiu's ci mainly follows the old road of five pronouns, but has more new elements. Although he devoted himself to writing lyrics and insisted on the traditional concept of writing lyrics, as a literary school that created an atmosphere, he also made some innovations in writing lyrics. This is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, it expands the lyric function of ci, and further expresses my life feelings with words along the direction pioneered by Li Yu's ci; Secondly, it changed the aesthetic taste of Ci, and opened up in the direction of popularization, echoing Liu Yong's Ci from a distance.
Ouyang Xiu not only changed the style of writing, but also innovated the style of poetry. He attached importance to the characteristics of Han Yu's poetry and put forward the poetic theory of "poetry is poor and backward". Compared with the thoughts of Kunxi poets, Ouyang Xiu's poetics undoubtedly contains the spirit of attaching importance to the content of life. Ouyang Xiu's poetry creation is guided by reversing the bad tendency of Quincy's style divorced from reality, which reflects the Song people's initial awareness of rectifying the poetic style in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties.
There are some works with social reality as the theme in European poetry, such as The Man Who Eats Bad Grain, which exposes the unreasonable reality that farmers who grow grain can only satisfy their hunger with distiller's grains, while Bian Hu describes the unfortunate experiences of people in the border areas of Song and Liao Dynasties. The more important content of European poetry is to express one's life experiences or feelings and to chant historical themes. Because most of his poems contain deep feelings about life, they are essentially different from similar poems in Quincy style.