The public and private meaning of "rain falls on my public land, which affects my private interests" in the poem Datian is not what we now call "public ownership" and "private ownership". In the poem "Daejeon", the public is a respectful name, which refers to the nobility. The public domain is the domain of Zhou Wang, governors and nobles, but it is actually the private domain of Zhou Wang, governors and nobles. I am private, and the land is divided by farmers. Because the clan's public land has been occupied by nobles, the farmers' land has actually become the private land of kings, princes and nobles in the 8 1 Zhou Dynasty. However, there is a difference between this private field and the private field I belong to. Mencius put the commons and private Tian Fang in a well, saying that it was "a square well with 900 mu of wells, of which eight households in the commons were private." This statement is Mencius' ideal. According to the records of ancient public fields, the public fields of the princes and nobles of Zhou Dynasty were probably independent fields, not sandwiched between private fields and in the same well. Kings don't work by themselves, and their public fields have to be cultivated with the help of others' labor, so they are called borrowing fields. Both Shang and Zhou dynasties borrowed fields. There is a word "borrow" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. In the inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there are also loans and fields. The inscription in Kang Wang period reads: "Wang Da regards agriculture as farmland", and in the later period, the inscription in Gui reads: "Make you the soil and the official the paddy field". "The Book of Rites": "The ancients used the commons without paying taxes". Zheng Xuan's Note: "Through words, through words, through the power of the people, we can govern public land." "Mandarin Zhou Yu": "Wang Xuan ascended the throne, not by a thousand acres. Guo Wengong remonstrated, saying, "No ... Wang, Class Three, finally got a thousand acres." Public fields are called borrowing fields, all of which are independent fields and cultivated by the people. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were both public fields cultivated with the help of the people and private fields distributed to farmers for their own cultivation. Mencius on Teng Wengong: "Xia Houshi paid 50 tribute, Yin people helped 70, and Zhou people paid 100 mu. In fact, everything is one. Butcher, butcher; Help, help also. " The poem says: When the rain falls on my public land, it touches my private life. Only help can have the public domain. From this point of view, although Zhou also helped. Mencius didn't understand Zhou's land system. On the one hand, he said that Yin Xing helped Zhou Xing understand the law thoroughly, on the other hand, he said that although Zhou also helped. He didn't know that Zhou had both public and private fields. He helped the law and practiced it thoroughly. The farmland labor picture depicted in the two poems "Futian" and "Datian" in The Book of Songs Xiaoya is about the labor picture in the aristocratic "public land". Take the poem Futian as an example:
2. Land poems in The Book of Songs Datian
There are many crops in the field, so we should plant them and return them.
Since preparation is one thing, I'm sorry.
I took the land in the south and planted hundreds of valleys.
It is both the court and the master, and the great-grandson is if.
Tough and good, not bad.
It is harmless to get rid of its moths and pests.
The ancestors of heaven have gods and fire feet.
There is prosperity, there is prosperity.
Rain is my public land, so I am private.
Childishness gains nothing, and neither does this.
Legacy and stagnation are beneficial to Iraqi widows.
Great-grandson came to check with his wife and children.
It is a pleasure to see every acre of land in the south.
Come to worship, with its black, but its millet.
It was built to sacrifice it, not to do great things.
3. The Book of Songs; What do you mean: irrigate my master's public land first, and then irrigate our serf's private land.
Excerpt from the Western Zhou Dynasty's anonymous Datian, Xiaoya, the original excerpt:
The tide is rising, pray for rain. Rain is my public land, so I am private. Childishness gains nothing, and neither does this. Legacy and lag: the welfare of Iraqi widows.
Translation:
High in the sky, thick clouds floated all over the mountain, and light rain dripped like crispy cheese. Irrigate my master's public land first, and then irrigate our serf's private land. There are uncut shoots and unbuttoned straw. There are bundles of wheat left behind, and many ears are missed here: they have become treasures in the hands of the lonely old woman.
Extended data
Creative background:
This poem is a companion piece of Xiaoya Fukuda, and both poems pray for the New Year when Zhou Wang sacrifices gods such as Tianzu.
"Xiaoya Putian" wrote that Zhou Wang inspected spring ploughing production and prayed for a bumper harvest of grain production; Xiaoya Datian wrote about Inspector Zhou Wang's harvest in autumn and prayed for greater happiness in the future. Together, the two poems provide future generations with quite real, concrete and rich historical materials such as agricultural production mode and production relations in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and are rare and important agricultural poems in the Book of Songs.
Theme appreciation:
This is a poem that the slave owners in Zhou Dynasty sacrificed to Tianzu (Shennong) after the bumper harvest. This poem describes the situation of agricultural production, so it is also a farming poem.
The whole poem consists of four chapters, with eight sentences in the first two chapters and nine sentences in the last two chapters. The first chapter describes seed selection and sowing, the second chapter describes weeding and insect prevention, the third chapter describes field harvesting, and the fourth chapter describes sacrifice and blessing. This poem mainly uses line drawing to outline a picture of people's feelings and customs in ancient agricultural production.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Xiaoya Datian
4. What does the rain in The Book of Songs reflect? VicM03 16: Hello.
Xiao Ya Futian Zhidian: Chapter III:
The tide is rising, pray for rain. Rain is my public land, so I am private.
He lost his childhood, he didn't gather his wealth, he inherited it, and he had the advantage of being a widow.
The clouds are coming, and the good rain is falling slowly. Good rain falls in the public sphere and touches the private sphere at the same time. There are immature grass there, and there are valleys that cannot be harvested here; There are stalks left, and there are ears of grain scattered here. Give it to the widow's house.
Note: There are nine areas in the ancient mine field, with 100 mu of public land in the middle, eight areas around and eight households 100 mu of private land. 8 * * * Raise the commons. The harvest of public land belongs to serf owners.
So the good rain falls, falls in the public domain, and also falls back to the private domain. So it's called: it rains in my public field, and then it's my private field.
5. The Book of Songs; What do you mean: irrigate my master's public land first, and then irrigate our serf's private land.
Excerpt from Datian, Xiaoya, which was anonymous in the Western Zhou Dynasty: There is a kind of growth, praying for rain. Rain is my public land, so I am private.
Childishness gains nothing, and neither does this. Legacy and lag: the welfare of Iraqi widows.
High in the sky, thick clouds floated all over the mountain, and light rain dripped like crispy cheese. Irrigate my master's public land first, and then irrigate our serf's private land.
There are uncut shoots and unbuttoned straw. There are bundles of wheat left behind, and many ears are missed here: they have become treasures in the hands of the lonely old woman.
Expand the background of information creation: This poem is a companion piece of Xiaoya Fukuda, and both poems pray for the New Year when King Zhou offered sacrifices to Tianzu and other gods. "Xiaoya Putian" wrote that Zhou Wang inspected spring ploughing production and prayed for a bumper harvest of grain production; Xiaoya Datian wrote about Inspector Zhou Wang's harvest in autumn and prayed for greater happiness in the future.
Together, the two poems provide future generations with quite real, concrete and rich historical materials such as agricultural production mode and production relations in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and are rare and important agricultural poems in the Book of Songs. Theme Appreciation: This is a poem of Zhou Dynasty slave owners offering sacrifices to Tianzu (Shennong) after harvest, which describes the situation of agricultural production, so it is also a farming poem.
The whole poem consists of four chapters, with eight sentences in the first two chapters and nine sentences in the last two chapters. The first chapter describes seed selection and sowing, the second chapter describes weeding and insect prevention, the third chapter describes field harvesting, and the fourth chapter describes sacrifice and blessing.
This poem mainly uses line drawing to outline a picture of people's feelings and customs in ancient agricultural production. Baidu Encyclopedia-Daejeon, Xiaoya.