In ancient China, unhappy people were called poems and happy people were called songs. In modern times, they are collectively called poetry.
Ci: body name, a verse form of poetry, developed from five-character poems, seven-character poems or folk songs.
It began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty. Originally, it was a poetic style sung by music, and the length of sentences varied with the tune.
So it is also called long and short sentences. There are two kinds of poems and slow words, which are generally divided into upper and lower parts.
Poetry, Ci and Qu are three categories of ancient poetry.
Poetry. Ancient poetry can be divided into ancient poetry and modern poetry. Classical poetry refers to poetry without strict rules and regulations, while modern poetry is poetry with a fixed format.
Classical poetry: also known as ancient poetry and ancient style, refers to the poetry before the emergence of modern poetry in Tang Dynasty. Sentence patterns generally rhyme neatly, but there are no strict rules on the number of words, sentences, rhyme, parallelism, antithesis and so on, which can be regarded as free verse. Every sentence of a poem has several words, which are called few words. According to the words, there are four-character poems, five-character poems (referred to as "five ancient poems"), seven-character poems (referred to as "seven ancient poems") and miscellaneous poems (there are more or less words in poems). For example, Storytelling is a four-character poem, Li Shihao and Drinking are five ancient poems, Pipa Xing is seven ancient poems, and Dream of Climbing Mount Tianmu is a miscellaneous poem.
Broadly speaking, Chu Ci and Yuefu Poetry can also be regarded as ancient poems.
Chuci: Originally referred to as Chuci, it was created by Qu Yuan and became a new poetic style with strong colors. Long and short sentences are long, the sentence structure is uneven, there are many dialects and modal particles "Xi". Such as Shejiang.
Yuefu Poetry: "Yuefu" originally refers to the music organ responsible for making music scores, training musicians and collecting lyrics (established at the beginning of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty), and later refers to the lyrics collected for later music and works, which appear in the form of copying the old Yuefu theme or imitating Yuefu genre. Yuefu poems are generally miscellaneous words, including five words, three words, four words and seven words. The earliest Yuefu was mainly folk songs, such as Mulan poems and peacocks flying southeast. Scholars after the Han Dynasty, such as Cao Cao and his son, Li Bai and Du Fu, all imitated Yuefu poems. Bai Juyi's New Yuefu (selling charcoal Weng is one of them) reflected the development of Yuefu poems, wrote current events and created new topics. Their works all inherit the realistic spirit of Han Yuefu, and their language is popular, lively and musical. Songs, lines, songs, quotations, chants, sighs, grievances and exercises are all Yuefu poems in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties, which are used by later generations.
Modern poetry: Modern poetry refers to metrical poetry formed in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, in order to distinguish it from the non-metrical poems in the past, metrical poems were called modern poems or modern poems.
Modern poetry can be divided into three types: metrical poems, quatrains and edited poems.
Rhymes are divided into five-character rhymes and seven-character rhymes. Each song has eight sentences, and every two sentences are called a couplet. The first two sentences are called first couplet, three or four sentences are called platoon couplet, five or six sentences are called neck couplet, and seven or eight sentences are called tail couplet. The two leagues in the middle must fight each other. Even-numbered sentences must rhyme at the end (generally, the first sentence can rhyme or not). There are rules whether each word should be leveled (equivalent to leveled and leveled in modern Chinese) or leveled (equivalent to rising and falling tones in modern Chinese). For example, crossing the old village is a five-character poem, and the two sides of the Yellow River recaptured by the imperial army are seven-character poems.
Quatrains are also called broken sentences and broken sentences, because their forms are very similar to intercepting half of metrical poems. Or five words, or seven words. Every four sentences, two sentences or four sentences should rhyme (usually with flat rhyme), and whether each word in the sentence is flat or not is also stipulated, and the quatrains can be used without antithesis. For example, "Send Yuan Ershi to Anxi" and "The Storm on November 4th" are all quatrains.
Words. Ci also has the names of Quzi Ci, long and short sentences, Yu Shi and Yuefu. Ci originated in the Southern Dynasties, formed in the Tang Dynasty and prevailed in the Song Dynasty. At first, it was used to compose music for a score, not to sing. Composition and lyrics are called lyrics, and the tone chosen for lyrics is called tone. Tones have names (such as "water turns around" and "Niannujiao"), which are called epigrams. Later, it became a literary genre that lost contact with music, and the epigraph became the name to explain the phonological format of words, that is, the word spectrum. When filling in the lyrics, point out the theme, and mark the theme below the epigraph. Such as "Go early" and "Yongmei".
Words are generally divided into three categories according to the number of words: poetry, alto and long sound. It is a small order within 58 characters; Fifty-nine to ninety words are alto; More than 9 1 word is a long sound. Only one paragraph of a word is monotonous, two paragraphs are disyllabic, and three paragraphs and four paragraphs are triple and quadruple. Part of it is called terbium. The two paragraphs in the double tone are called Shangque and Xiaque, or the first and the second, and the paragraphs in the triple and quadruple are called the first and the second in turn ... The basic feature of words in sentence patterns is long and short sentences, ranging from one sentence to eleven sentences. The fluency and rhyme of every tone in the dictionary are regular.
Qu. Qu is the further development of ci. During the Song and Jin Dynasties, new music lyrics were produced in the north, and in the Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Qu (also known as Northern Qu) was formed, also known as Tang Poetry and Song Ci. Yuanqu includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu is a oratorio, including poems and sets; Zaju is a kind of opera that can be performed. In addition, Southern Opera is also very popular in the south.
Poetry usually takes a piece of music as an independent unit, and the number of words is only a few to a dozen. It must be filled in according to the number of words, level tone and rhyme specified in the music.
Suite number, also known as divertimento or Sanqu, is a complete set of songs, consisting of two or more songs, and its composition has certain rules.
Zaju is a traditional opera with lyrics, scientific introduction and guest dialogue. There is a complete story, which is generally divided into 40% and a wedge. One fold is equivalent to a scene, and the wedge is at the beginning or middle of the four fold, which is equivalent to a prelude or a cut. In the whole play, Jack, Bai Bin and the lyrics cooperate with each other to jointly promote the development of the plot and portray the characters' personalities. The roles are Dan, Mei, Jing and Ugly. The whole play is sung by the protagonist. Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan are known as the four masters of Yuanqu.