Sentence feature data
Peacocks fly southeast and wander for five miles.
The opening sentence is both enlightening and comparative. The poet was excited about things and described Lan Zhi with the beauty of peacock. "Wuli" means approximate location. Wandering is hesitant and full of sadness. This sentence not only describes Lan Zhi's mood, but also shows the theme of the whole poem, making the finishing point.
"At the age of thirteen, I can weave, and at the age of fourteen, I can learn to tailor. Fifteen plays and sixteen poems.
From the age of thirteen to sixteen, I use a few numbers to form a beautiful layered language, and go up step by step like a ladder. During these four years, Lan Zhi learned the knowledge, ability and skills of knitting, tailoring and cricket, as well as reading classics and etiquette. This is a vertical exposition, emphasizing that Lan Zhi is smart, competent, versatile and well-educated.
It's too late to tame five horses in three days, my Lord.
This is a turning complex sentence. Because of the poem, turning words are often omitted, but the meaning is really turning.
"He Naitai is just a small area!"
When translating, add the subject, "(You) are so ignorant!"
How can you be so infatuated! Through Jiao Mu's words, Zhong Qing's love for Lan Zhi was revealed.
Take the initiative
Zi is an adverbial pronoun. Transitive verbs "Zhuan" and "You" control the object "Zi" and are modified by "Zi" in parallel. "Specialization" means acting without authorization. "Specialization" and "you" are synonyms.
The cock crows outside, and the bride's makeup is neat. Embroider my skirt, everything is four or five. My feet are on tiptoe and my head is shining. If the waist is flowing, you will smell the bright moon. Refers to the root of onion, with dani in its mouth. Chinese odyssey with thin steps.
Lan Zhi's clothing, clothes, shoes and accessories, as well as beautiful posture and appearance are deliberately written here. This is a kind of horizontal transmission. The outstanding feature of this story is the combination of a series of metaphors, such as "Liu", "Zan", "cutting onion roots" and "containing Dani", and it is exaggerated.
You are a rock, and my concubine is a reed. Puwei line is like silk, but the rock does not move.
Wonderful metaphor, this parting oath is consistent with the above "Swear to Heaven" and the following "two of a kind".
Thirteen teaches you to knit a sweater and fourteen can cut clothes. Fifteen bullets, sixteen manners.
Repeat, the same content is repeated from two people's mouths, which strengthens the role of laying out.
My fair life is unparalleled.
Gentle and graceful, rhyming with words.
Officials see Ding Ning.
Ding Ning, a rhyming word.
Nuo Nuo Fur.
The use of overlapping enhances the image.
A cloud.
Metaphorically speaking, there are many people in the Taishou family.
Elegant with the wind.
People and things in Lian Mian.
Wandering green horse.
Two-color cotton, object.
Deng Yu county gate.
Overlapping words highlight the rich and exciting appearance.
The setting sun is dim and gloomy, and the overlapping words make the scenery more prominent.
I have my own parents, and I am forced to be my brother.
"Parents" only refers to "mother" and "brother" only refers to "brother", both of which are biased words.
It looks like a complex sentence in form, but it is actually a complex sentence of a single sentence, which means: I was persecuted by my mother and brother. This is due to the specific language environment to complete a five-sentence sentence.
I should be someone else, what do you expect!
Affirmative sentence is the form of rhetorical question, which is much more powerful than affirmative sentence "You have no hope yet"
Hate that!
Overlap, resentment to the extreme.
Today, the wind is cold, the cold wind destroys trees, and the frost is green.
Hint that something unfortunate is going to happen through euphoria.
Be careful not to die for a woman, how thin your feelings are!
Causal complex sentence affirmative sentence first, partial sentence back to reason. This sentence pattern is used in an emergency when you are eager to tell the result. Jiao's mother was afraid of her son's death and was anxious to tell her first. Jiao Mu argued with her son according to feudal ethics, and the rhetorical tone was more powerful than the front.
Lonely people will settle down after the dying dusk.
The word "death" is "going" to describe gloom.
The word "silence" appears repeatedly, highlighting the silence of the night. From 9: 00 am to 1 1 point (Shihai), it is the time when people rest in peace, and it is called "Ding Man".
Thank you for your future generations, and don't forget to be careful!
Because of the general reference, the subject is omitted.
This is the warning of the author. "Xie", here is extended meaning, which means advice. "Caution" is extended from "caution" to taboo, and the annotation is "ten million". Rhetorically, "warning", "warning" and "don't forget" are three tautologies, thus forming a five-character sentence pattern, with special emphasis on learning lessons.
Interpretation of text appreciation
Plot structure
Peacock Flying Southeast is the earliest long narrative poem in the history of ancient literature in China and the best folk narrative poem in ancient China.
The preface at the beginning explains the time, place, characters and process of writing poetry. The story took place in the Jian 'an period at the end of the Han Dynasty and was based on real people. From Ode to a New Yutai edited by Xu Ling in the Southern Dynasties. The whole poem consists of 357 sentences with 1785 words, which is called "the first long poem in ancient and modern times" by Shen Guiyu.
In chronological order, this poem takes the love between Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing and the persecution of feudal paternalism as the clues of contradictions and conflicts. It can also be said that it is narrated according to the tragic development clues of separation, anti-marriage and double suicide between Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing, exposing the evil of feudal ethics destroying the happy life of young men and women, and praising the loyal love and rebellious spirit of Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing.
Plot development and structure.
Qi Xing: Peacock flies southeast and wanders for five miles.
The first part, the beginning (from "Thirteen Capabilities to Su Zhi" to "Timely Repatriation"), is Lan Zhi's complaint against Zhong Qing, which raises questions and conflicts from the beginning. Lan Zhi and Zhong Qing love each other deeply. They should grow old together, but their mother-in-law won't allow them to divorce.
The second part, Development (from "official hearing" to "two of a kind"), tells that Lan Zhi was sent home, Zhong Qing bid farewell to Lan Zhi and vowed to take Lan Zhi back. There are three contents in this part.
1? From "the official heard" to "be careful not to go against my words", Zhong Qing was reprimanded for pleading with her mother, so she had to persuade Lan Zhi to return to her mother's family and still had the illusion of reunion.
2? From "The Bride Calls the Official" to "A Hundred Tears", Lan Zhi's personality, demeanor and movements are all written, showing her determination and calmness, holding back her inner pain and bidding farewell to her mother-in-law and sister-in-law.
3? From "official horse first" to "two of a kind", I wrote about the parting of Lan Zhi and Zhong Qing, and the reluctance when they broke up.
The third part, development (from Introduction to Deng Yu County Gate), describes what happened to Lan Zhi after he returned to China. This part of the plot is more complicated, write three contents.
1? Mother didn't understand her daughter at first, and finally understood her situation after her daughter's narrative.
2? However, my brother resolutely refused. He looks at problems with snobbery, and has no feelings of brother and sister. He must force his sister to remarry.
3? Writing about your family is a luxury of marriage.
The fourth part, the climax (from "My mother's name is A Nv" to "Southeastern Branch hanged herself"), is the climax of the whole poem.
The fifth part, the ending (from "the two families seek to be buried together" to the ending), expresses the poet's strong desire.
Two characters and dialogue
This poem has successfully shaped the artistic images of Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing. Besides their tragic behavior, dialogue also plays a decisive role in expressing typical characters.
Liu Lanzhi is strong and cautious, and will not be intimidated or shaken by glory. Knowing that her mother-in-law was going to fire her, she volunteered to "send her back" and said to Zhong Qing, "My Lord, it is too late to break five horses in three days. A gentleman's wife cannot be woven late. She told her mother-in-law that she was "forced by her mother's money". She was neither humble nor humble, and she was very cultured. Brother forced marriage, she said, "If you deal with it according to your brother's wishes, you have to find a job for yourself. "Soft inside, she has her own ideas. Liu Lanzhi is also a kind and docile woman. She is considerate and understanding of Zhong Qing. On the one hand, she is loyal to love. " You are regarded as a rock, and my concubine is regarded as Pu Wei. Puwei line is like silk, but the rock does not turn. On the other hand, she puts herself in others' shoes.
Jiao Zhongqing's personality is also very distinct. He is loyal to love, but he dare not fight directly. He can only passively resist and bear the burden of humiliation. He loved Lan Zhi deeply and threatened that "if he sent this woman away today, he would never take her away again". No wonder "grandma wants to smell it" and she will be furious if she wants to "hammer the bed". Later, when he had to say goodbye to Lan Zhi temporarily, he solemnly declared: "I will never be separated from you" and "I will never be an enemy of heaven". He also said: "I don't drive your mother away, but force her to have a mother." He is outspoken and has a clear attitude. Zhong Qing's rebellious character can be seen in his words when he left home to say goodbye to his mother: "Today, the cold wind destroys trees. Today, the child is invisible, and the mother is behind. Don't blame ghosts and gods for bad plans! " These words came as a bolt from the blue, but Jiao Mu, a feudal parent, had not changed her mind and withdrew her order. In the end, Zhong Qing didn't listen to Jiao Mu's advice, and violated the feudal ethics of "there are three unfilial, and no posterity is great" and hanged himself in the court tree. Obviously, this character who is loyal to love, like Lan Zhi, is full of rebellious spirit.
The burnt wood is a prominent negative image. She is an extremely arrogant and unreasonable woman, who neither understands nor sympathizes with Lan Zhi's virtue and Zhong Qing's love, and is arbitrary. For Zhong Qing, she threatened for an instant: "I have been angry for a long time, how can you be free!" "That boy is fearless, how dare he help that woman!" After a while, he coaxed with words: "The master has a virtuous daughter who calls herself Qin Luofu. She is extremely pitiful, and her mother begs you. " Carrot and stick, the purpose is to get Zhong Qing to send Lan Zhi away quickly, pull out her eyesore, and safeguard the authority of her parents. This fully exposed the ugly nature of feudal paternalism destroying young people.
Liu Xiong, another negative image, doesn't write much, but his sexual behavior is violent, obedient and ugly. He said to Lan Zhi, "Don't estimate your plan! Marry a government official first, then a husband. If heaven and earth are good, then glory. Don't marry Yi Langti, want He Yun? " "Why not plan!" Rough reprimand, bullying. "It's an honor to marry a government official first ..." Stick to the situation and forget the righteousness at the expense of profit. Shen Deqian commented on these poems like this: "I am a little person who covets wealth and ignores etiquette and justice. I really have this tone. " "Don't marry Yi Langti, want He Yun?" The implication is: "Do you want me to support you all my life?" Under the expulsion order, it can be seen that it is bitter and ruthless, and it is a typical bourgeois face.
Three expressive skills
1? Personalization of Character Dialogue (see above)
2? Pave the way for comparison
The poem begins with "Thirteen can weave, fourteen can learn to tailor, fifteen can play, and sixteen can recite poetry books. Seventeen years old is the wife of a gentleman, and her heart is often bitter and sad. " This is a longitudinal exposition, which highlights the characteristics of versatility and education in chronological order. The numbers in the list should be regarded as intertextuality and cross expression. Write down in detail what Lan Zhi was wearing when he left home. "... The steps are fine and exquisite. "From the foot to the head, to the waist, to the ears, to the fingers, to the mouth, to the footsteps, a series of exaggerated statements are all to describe her beauty and show her calmness. Writing about the luxurious ostentation and extravagance of Taishou's wedding shows that Lan Zhi is not moved by wealth, but also contrasts the happiness of Taishou's family with the sadness of Lan Zhi and Zhong Qing, which strengthens the tragic color. The arrangement of this poem is conducive to shaping the characters, but also brings the beauty of rhythm and color to the poem.
3? rise and fall
"Peacocks fly southeast and wander five miles." Xing sentence casts a tragic atmosphere on the whole poem. The rise of peacock's widowhood and the knot of Yuanyang Qi Fei, which is an artistic technique associated with the separation of American bird couples, originated from folk songs and is very expressive.
Problem-solving guidance
The titles of the five parts of the whole poem
Rise (first two sentences)
The first part (from "Thirteen Capabilities to Su Zhi" to "Timely Repatriation"): Lan Zhi was repatriated (beginning).
The second part (from "government officials have heard of it" to "two of a kind"): Husband and wife swear goodbye (development)
The third part (from "Introduction to Home" to "Yu Yu Dengjun Gate"): Lan Zhi's anti-marriage (development)
The fourth part (from "My mother's name is A Nv" to "Hanging Southeast Branch"): double suicide (climax)
The fifth part (from "two families seek to be buried together" to "don't forget to be careful"): admonish future generations (end)
The whole poem is narrated according to the tragic development clues of Zhong Qing and Lan Zhi's separation, anti-marriage and double suicide.
Two, 1? Lan Zhi couldn't stand it, so he came uninvited and decided.
"The last straw" means the last straw. The actions of "having nothing to do" and "returning in time" clearly show Lan Zhi's wise decision.
2? Jiao Zhongqing: Suppress your resentment and pain and be loyal to love; But filial piety and weakness.
"You gave this woman today, and you'll never get it again!" The hypothetical sentence is used to properly express the personality of being soft outside and rigid inside. "Old age and death do not communicate with each other" is a sign of despair.
Jiao Mu: Angry, trying to maintain authority, bossy.
"How dare you help a woman" is very vivid.
3? Brother Liu is selfish and fierce.
"Does it want He Yun?" Expressing firmness in a questioning tone shows that Mr. Liu still has a certain cultivation.
4? Lan Zhi is reasonable and knows that he and Zhongqing are both oppressed people. Lan Zhi understood Zhong Qing's pain, showed a broad mind, and also showed a loyal and strong character.
"The Imperial Lady is also" is plain and rich in connotation, which makes readers think deeply.
The three poems begin with "Peacocks flying southeast and falling in five miles", which use concrete images to set off the atmosphere and stimulate readers' imagination. Conceptually, it also has the function of controlling the whole poem and triggering the story. Finally, the birds were buried together, "looking up and singing to each other, reaching the fifth watch every night." Life cannot be together, but death can "sing with each other" and "reach the fifth watch every night", which maintains people's strong desire to pursue free love and happy life. At the end of the poem, it reads "Thank you, be careful not to forget", and also expresses anger and good wishes.
Fourth, "The rooster is crowing outside and wants to wake up ... two of a kind."
This passage begins with the beauty of Lan Zhi, "waist is like a flowing element", "mouth is like a Dani" and "exquisite steps are unparalleled in the world"; China and Syria bid farewell to grandma and sister-in-law, who are so humble and reasonable; Finally, write the relationship between husband and wife and vows, affectionate. Husband and wife are loving and noble, but they are separated by violence, which makes people feel sympathy and indignation.
"When government officials hear about this change ... it will never be complete again."
When the official heard of the change, the husband and wife reunited, and they could only be "sighing and heartbroken." Zhong Qing complained bitterly and vowed to "die". Lan Zhi knew that "the same is persecution, so is my concubine", so he had to be satisfied with "meeting in the underworld, not violating today's words"! A loving couple can't resist under high pressure. Their love is strong and extremely calm. Their meeting in the grave showed their mutual loyalty and helpless struggle. It's really a life tragedy that makes people excited.
Teaching suggestion
This lesson will begin in two hours.
Read the whole poem and grasp the plot and characters.
The text is long, focus on reading, sort out the plot clues and appreciate the dialogue between the characters.
1? There are five sections from thirteen people who can knit to meet each other.
In the first five paragraphs, the contradictions and conflicts of the characters are very sharp.
Lan Zhi: "I can't rush" and "send her back".
Zhong Qing: "If you give this woman today, you will never get it again!" "
Mother: "I have lost my kindness and will not agree!" " "
Lan Zhi and Jiao Mu were at loggerheads, Zhong Qing passively resisted, and conflicts began.
The delicate thoughts and feelings of the characters: Zhong Qing first congratulated, then resented, and then vowed that "I am alone in the grave." Lan Zhi was considerate and sympathetic first, and then vowed to "meet in the grave". Zhong Qing "The rock is thick and can die for a thousand years; Pu Wei's One Day, Lan Zhi's The Same Persecuted, Your Concubine, and the author's narrative Let's Say Goodbye to Life and Hate It are all wonderful poems with strong artistic expression.
related data
A Realism of "Peacocks Flying Southeast" (Tang Tao)
Because it is a narrative poem, there are not only characters, but also the author vividly depicts the characters' personalities in a simple way. Judging from the present content, this long poem seems to have been sung for a period of time after its birth, and the characters' personalities are gradually enriched in the process of singing, so every character is permeated with the feelings of working people. This feeling is not only manifested in the clear distinction between love and hate, but also in the name of Thai baht. The author denies everything that should be denied and affirms everything that should be affirmed. However, whether it is negative or positive, it does not follow a simple formula, but implies the social status and personality characteristics of the characters through complex and specific descriptions, and gives appropriate evaluation. Judging from the author's grasp of the depth of life, we can't help but say that this is an outstanding example of realistic artistic creation in China's classical literature.
Take Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi as examples. Zhong Qing was born in an official family and worked as an official in the Taishoufu. Although his rank is humble, he already has the qualification to be a "product" in a strict society, so his mother said, "You are a big family and an official in Taige", and you will have to rely on your backer to make great achievements in the future. Obviously, he is a golden bird who grew up in a cage and developed a cautious and cowardly character. He is a kind-hearted white-faced scholar. The author basically affirmed his struggle, but when describing it, he tightly buckled his characteristics, characters experience and personality. Zhong Qing loves his wife deeply. When he knew that his mother was going to fire Lan Zhi, he made a gentle gesture, then knelt down and complained. His mother was furious when she hammered the bed, so he silently quit and went back to his room, holding Lan Zhi and saying, "I won't kick your mother out, but I forced her to have a mother." At the same time, he advised Lan Zhi to lower himself and go back to her family for a while, and promised to pick her up later, but he actually had only a little fantasy expectation, and there was no practical way. Lan Zhi was forced to get married. He vowed to commit suicide alone and even told his mother about the plan. After Lan Zhi died, he finally fell in love with Lan Zhi. The author wrote that he lingered under the courtyard tree for a while, and then hanged himself, vividly drawing the character and face of the timid scholar.
Lan Zhi is different from him. Although the poem describes her understanding, makeup and dressing with exaggerated brushwork commonly used in classical works, especially in folk literature, in the door-door society, "born in the wild" shows that her family background is not in the eyes of "nine products are right". She is an independent woman who grew up in a well-off family. She is beautiful, intelligent and capable. Although the author tries his best to write about her kindness and meekness, there is a rigid rebellious consciousness in her kindness and meekness, which cannot be concealed. A primitive form of the oppressed's consciousness in people's imagination. This rigidity is not necessarily understood from Jiao Mu's statement that "this woman has no manners, and everything she does is self-directed", but is more widely spread in all the details of Lange's actions. She understood Jiao Mu's intention and invited herself without waiting for the other person to speak: "I can't be driven away, but I can stay here and do nothing, so that I can go home in time." Zhong Qing cried at her and could do nothing. She said, "Don't mix up." He advised her to go back to her family for the time being, and then she said, "Why don't you come back!" " She saw the problem clearly, understood her environment, and showed the dignity of an ordinary person. However, the author did not simply deal with this problem unilaterally. Lan Zhi knows Zhong Qing's character, but she loves Zhong Qing and knows that Zhong Qing loves her. The children's love still forced her to have a little fantasy about the cold reality. Zhong Qing said goodbye to her, and she urged, "If you see it, I hope you will come soon." This is her only hope, which will inevitably arise under certain conditions. The county magistrate sent someone to be a matchmaker, but she declined politely: "You can stop writing letters yourself, no matter how slow you are." Finally, her brother said, "If you don't marry a righteous man, you want He Yun." Stiffness immediately occupied Lan Zhi's soul, and the sense of dignity in the position of the weak and the oppressed was sublimated in her heart. She decided to express her final protest with her life, so she answered "Looking up" and quickly agreed.
When she left Jiao's home, her attitude was calm. When the date of remarriage is fixed, her attitude is very calm; Even in the end, "take off your silk shoes and lift yourself into the pool" has no hesitation or hesitation. She never bows to the environment. It's hard to find out how many people enriched Liu Lanzhi's character in the process of singing, but it is indeed the most beautiful expression of the glorious personality of a weak oppressed person under the historical conditions at that time. The cruelty and transformation of the environment have improved the spirit of the characters. With simple description, the author puts the details into action one by one, which makes the works have thought-provoking appeal and infectious poetry on the basis of reality.
Lenin said that Marxism not only failed to "abandon the most precious achievements of the bourgeois era, on the contrary, it absorbed and transformed everything valuable in the development of human ideology and culture for more than 2,000 years". As one of the great poems of ancient folk literature, Peacock Flying Southeast not only exposes the evil of feudal gate rule, but also records the true feelings of the people 1,700 years ago. It is a wonderful flower in the art garden and a mirror of history.
1954 in Shanghai in March
(selected from the ninth volume of Selected Works of Tang Dynasty, Social Science Literature Publishing House, 1995 edition)
Interpretation of Two Poems (Zhang Zhongxing)
1? The matchmaker went for a few days and asked Cheng to return it, saying that there was an orchid daughter and a eunuch.
Textbook notes can be referenced.
Another explanation is that "there are orchid girls and eunuchs" is what Xian Cheng said to Liu Lanzhi's mother when he came to Liu Lanzhi's house. "There are orchid girls and eunuchs" means that Xian Cheng speaks well of his daughter Liu Lanzhi in front of the prefect, boasting that Lan Zhi was born in a noble family. This is a flattering tone. The next few words are Xian Cheng's explanation to Liu Lanzhi's mother about the origin of the proposal, which is in line with the matchmaker's tone. Several sentences are preceded by "Shuo", "Yun" and "Straight talk", which are different words used by the author to avoid repetition. Their theme is fairy city.
In addition, "Lan Jian female" should refer to Liu Lanzhi. Wen's Notes on Ancient Poetry says: "The word' green' or' willow' is wrong", which is not unreasonable.
2? "After dying, lonely people will meet for the first time" and ancient law.
A day and night is a day. China has a long record of dividing a day and a night into several periods. For example, in the Yin Wuding period, day and night were divided into eight sections, in the Zujia period into ten sections, and in the Zhou Dynasty into twelve sections, each with a name. From the name point of view, segmentation is based on weather and daily activities, such as dawn, dawn, dawn and dusk at sunrise, dusk, dizziness and dusk at sunrise; When the sun is in the middle, it is called China-Japan or Japan-China, when it is near Japan, it is called a corner, and the sun is inclined to the west, and so on. The ancients had two meals a day, and the solar eclipse was after sunrise and before the corner. This time is called food time or flea food. The total solar eclipse is after sundial and before sunset, which is called () time. After sunset, it is dusk, and after dusk, it is decided by people; After midnight, people decide that it is midnight, and after midnight, it means cock crowing and ignorance (also known as ignorance or ignorance or ignorance). Knowing this, we can understand the old saying "When a woman cries, a scholar says she is ignorant" ("The Book of Songs, Zheng Feng, a woman cries") and "A lonely person will set out" (the ancient poem "Peacock flies southeast").
After the early Han dynasty, the ancients had a way to divide the hours of day and night equally, using twelve Chen (Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, etc. ) as the name of the twelve hours. This division was used until the early Qing Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, western laws divided the midnight into twenty-four hours (that is, one morning equals two hours), and each hour was subdivided into the beginning and the right, such as the beginning at 23: 00, the beginning at 24: 00 midnight, the beginning at 1 in the morning, the beginning at 2: 00, and so on.
There is a question, that is, when does a day start? It should also start from sunrise at the earliest, such as Pingdan in summer and cock crow on cloudy days. In the Zhou Dynasty, it was changed to midnight. Since then, it has been used since midnight.
The research and evaluation of Peacock Flying Southeast in various academic fields has always started from the aspects of anti-ceremony, plot and artistic level. The article "Marriage Customs in Han Dynasty" written by Yuefu is a precedent from the perspective of folklore. The author believes that Peacock Flying Southeast is a great poem reflecting the most typical marriage custom in Han Dynasty, and every aspect of the marriage custom in that year is reflected between the lines. As far as the value of folklore is concerned, it is incomparable to any poem in Han Dynasty. Through the word-for-word analysis of the whole poem, the author explains it from six aspects: women's pre-marital education and marriage age, parents' bullying on women's marriage, divorce and remarriage, the "six rites" of concluding marriage, the love oath of the Han Dynasty and the "Lu Qing" system of the Han Dynasty, so as to fully show the marriage customs of the Han Dynasty to us. (