Visiting Annan: One of the thirteen departments of the history of assassinations established by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, covering most of today's two regions and northern and central Vietnam. Later, it generally refers to the south of Wuling. This refers to northern Vietnam. Ma Yuan's southern expedition in the Han Dynasty has always been a part of China territory. From the Han Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty, only a few exiled poets described the scenery here. Shen Quanqi, who was exiled to Ganzhou (now Chongzuo County, Guangxi) with Du at the same time, also wrote the poem "End the sea into the dragon", which is also in today's northern Vietnam. Some of the poems they wrote described the terrible "wild" in the eyes of the Central Plains people as very novel and beautiful, which made those who had never been to the wild south open their eyes and feel scared. The beginning of the poem points out that the place of detention is the ancient toe crossing.
First of all, the name "Jiaotoe" gives people a new and different feeling. According to legend, people here are called straddle-toed people because their toes look different. This land is named after people. What amazes the poet is the "extraordinary weather" here, that is, the climate in Annan is quite different from that in the Central Plains. The second sentence "cold is late, warm is late, and urgent is urgent" aptly summarizes Annan's climate characteristics. The cold season comes late and lasts short, while the warm season comes early and lasts long. Northern poets from the south are keenly aware of this feature. For example, Shen Quanqi said in the poem "End the Sea into the Dragon": "I come to Jiaotoe County, and the south is connected with my chest. The four gases are less cold, and the three lights are sunny. " This kind of "four points are less cold, and the three lights cover the sun" means that the cold time is particularly small in all seasons of the year, while the sun shines for a particularly long time in the three lights of the sun, which is the same as "cold is late, warm is late", but because more than twice as many words are used, it is naturally not as concise as Du Fu's poems. In Du Fu's poems, he is good at skillfully using the word "urge", such as "I see an oriole darting in the warm wind", "Time urges a journey" and "banquet urges the flowers to fall". These words "urge" make this poem vivid and vivid. The word "rush" in the sentence of "cold and late" is preceded by the word "reply", which shows its urgency. This poem vividly describes the real situation of climate change in subtropical areas.
The last sentence, "Fruiting in the Mid-winter Mountain", describes that the high mountain areas in the middle of winter are full of fruits, just like autumn in the Central Plains. This is really strange to northerners. This is also a further concrete description of "cold night" in the first couplet. The next sentence "Wild flowers bloom in the first month" describes the blooming of mountain flowers in the first month of the Spring Festival, which shows that the climate is very mild, just like the summer in the Central Plains, and it is a further concrete description of the first part "warm and hurried".
Necklace couplets focus on describing the weather, saying that "accumulated rain causes fog". It is written that Annan often has a long period of continuous rain, and summer and autumn become rainy seasons. The water does not dry up and it is foggy. "It thunders under light frost" means that thunder still fluctuates in winter. Light frost, that is, thin frost, shows that Annan only has thin frost when it is coldest in winter, which is different from the late autumn frost in the north. These phenomena are impossible in the eyes of ordinary Zhongyuan people. There is a cloud in "The Upper Interpretation of Han Yuefu": "There is no mausoleum in the mountains, the river is exhausted, there is Lei Zhen in winter, and there is rain and snow in summer. Heaven and earth are one, and I dare to break up with you. This is a woman's oath to express loyal love. She thinks that "a thunderbolt in winter" is as impossible as snow in summer, a mountain without peaks, a dry river and the integration of heaven and earth. But in Lingnan, thunder can still be heard in March and December.
In these two couplets, the poet describes mangoes, wild flowers, accumulated rain, fog and thunder, which are common things in people's daily life. Only a few seasonal words and verbs, such as mid-winter, the first month, ripe, blooming, birth and falling, are skillfully combined, which produces a wonderful artistic conception, showing the different scenery and weather at four seasons and the "abnormal weather" of turning your toes. This is an image summary and expression of the poet's life experience in Annan in the past year, full of surprises, excitement, praise and melancholy. Faced with this exotic scenery, the poet will naturally feel sad, and the tail couplet will take care of this topic to express his feelings of staying. "My hometown is beyond Wan Li, and I think twice." "Beyond Wan Li" means exaggerating its distance, not actually writing it.
In fact, Annan is only five or six thousand miles away from the Central Plains. In ancient times, the traffic was inconvenient, and it was also a trip of several months. It is difficult to contact his family, so he is more worried about being a guest than usual. The poet was exiled for many years and was demoted more than once. "Kesi" has always been there, but it is not as profound as this time he lived in Annan. This is not only because of the distance, but also implies a great aversion to this "severe condemnation."
This five-character poem is popular in language, clear in words and simple and natural in style.
Poems: Annan's Poems: Classification of Du Fu's Poems in Tang Dynasty: Writing about scenery and homesickness.