Cao Cao
Calling for Song one after another, how many days do we have? For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan. Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable. How to solve your worries? Only Du Kang. Qingqing is your collar, YY is my miss. But for your sake, I've thought it over. A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan. I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano. As clear as the moon, when can I stop? The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off. The weirder, the more useless. Talk about it, and remember the past. There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south. Turn around the tree three times, what branches can you rely on? The mountain will never be too high and the water will never be too deep. The duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart.
This is a famous poem, which Su Dongpo mentioned in "Ode to the Red Wall" ("The moon stars are scarce, and blackbirds fly south"). This is not a poem by Cao Mengde, but it broke Jingzhou, went down to Jiangling, went downstream to the east, traveled thousands of miles, covered the sky with flags, drank near the river and paid tribute. ) The forty-eighth chapter of Romance of the Three Kingdoms is an exposition of the plot before Chibi War in Cao Cao's poems. What is the theme of this poem? In the Tang Dynasty, Jason Wu said that "it is a pleasure to speak in time" ("Interpretation of Yuefu Ancient Poems"), and it was too careless to draw a conclusion after reading only eight sentences. Zhang Yugu said, "This sigh is fleeting. If you want talents, you should build Wang Ye's poem early" (Appreciation of Ancient Poetry). Chen Ling even said, "This poem is the purpose of the brave in Gao Han's Song of the Wind (Poetry is not as good as a mirror), which tickles you.
This four-character poem is from The Book of Songs Xiaoya Banquet. The poem begins with "drinking is a song" and expresses the feeling that "life is easy to get old" in eight sentences. However, it is worth noting that this feeling of short life is closely linked with the ambition of the whole poem to make contributions, that is, it has the realistic fear that "years have passed and fame has not been established". Therefore, this poem is not only related to the anxiety about life in ancient poems (reflected in thinking about the meaning and value of life), but also has essential differences.
Throughout history, most of the founding fathers knew the relationship between knowing people and being good at their duties and the people's hearts. They wanted talents and the people's hearts. Talent means having the ability to govern the country and use troops, that is, having a large number of outstanding cadres; To win people's hearts, we must first win the support of social elites or celebrities with extensive social influence, that is, establish a broad United front. Therefore, most of the founding monarchs have the talent of being good corporal and making friends. Cao Cao is one of them. He once contradicted the Confucian classics and the tradition of benevolence and filial piety in the Han Dynasty, and proposed that "meritocracy is the best" and people who are "heartless and unfilial and have the skill of governing the country and using troops" should be employed. The History of the Three Kingdoms, Emperor Wudi, quoted Shu Wei as saying that he "knows people well and observes them well, but it is difficult to fake them.". He withdrew from the forbidden line and was complacent in the line. He took Zhang Liao and Huang Xu from the national subjugation and made meritorious deeds. " At the same time, he also "took a strong man to break the solid array during the day and took over the ci family at night." Chen Lin wrote an article for Yuan Shao in his early years, insulting Cao Cao for being "arrogant and leaving behind ugliness", and was later defeated and arrested. Gong said, "Your book was the first, but you can only blame yourself, and evil will stop it. Why are you above your father and ancestors? "Both sides lose, and the public loves their talents. Let bygones be bygones and cannot be reused. His desire for talents is obvious.
The second sentence, "The green lady is in my heart", is about Zheng Fengzi Qi. Qingqing Zijiao is a kind of dress worn by students in Zhou Dynasty. This is a poem about a woman's longing for her lover. This is a work of love. Cao Cao's poems expressed his ambition, and he continued "but he has been thinking about you", which became a manifestation of his yearning for talents. "Thinking. The following four sentences in Yo Yo Luming Literature are all written by Xiaoya Luming Literature. Deer eat mugwort leaves on the Yuan Ye, crying and laughing; I happily held a banquet for my friends and played an orchestra. The sentence' plainly' revived meditation, and the word' quit' means end. "Trouble comes from this and cannot be cut off", which is an unforgettable echo of the above meditation. The following is a reply to "I have a guest", and I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my friends who have come from afar. Among these people, there are old friends who will catch up when they meet ("talking about banquets and cherishing old favors"), and there are also new friends-although they are new friends, they must have admired them for a long time, and it is inevitable to say a few pleasantries when they meet ("frugality"). Words like "living in vain" and "nostalgia" in the poem are so homely and human. Where there is a hierarchy, they treat each other equally This is the demeanor and tolerance of great politicians in ancient and modern times. Reminiscent of Liu Yazi's poem: "You should sit in the moonlight, calm down and release all your troubles. "It is better to have a heart-to-heart talk with you than I have worked hard for ten years." The following is the language of the bright moon, with "the moon stars are thin, and blackbirds fly south; The image of "three turns around the tree, no branches to follow" means that there were still a large number of wise men wandering astray at that time, and there was no reason to rely on them. Only by writing the scenery of the moonlit night brilliantly can we see its prosperity. These blackbirds circling the tree three times are choosing wood to live in, right? You can be sure that everyone is welcome here in no particular order; What we want here is people, the more the better, the less the better. "The mountain will never be too high, and the sea will never be too deep." Son: "The sea does not hesitate to water, so it can become big;" Mountains don't care about earth and stone, so they can be high; A wise teacher never tires of people, so he can become a crowd. After the break, he said, "A wise teacher never tires of people. "Great politicians are great politicians, but great politicians are not Untitled Scholar. At the end, the story of Duke Zhou in The Biography of Korean Poetry is used to remind the topic. Duke Zhou is a man, extremely humble and virtuous. Officials generally don't like to receive guests at banquets, but Duke Zhou doesn't. If they meet guests at dinner, they must put down their chopsticks and go forward to receive them. The so-called "spit feeding" is to spit out the food chewed in your mouth. With such an open mind and respect for others, how can we not let the world return to its original heart? Every time Cao Cao compares himself with Duke Zhou, he is quite determined. Duke Zhou is the younger brother of King Wu, and he is also qualified to inherit the throne, but he has no ambition. At that time, he became king (the son of King Wu) at a young age. He took the prince as the regent, put down the rebellion in Wu Geng, established Zhouluoyi, and customized the ritual and music system. He was a great politician and made great achievements in the era of slavery. Cao Gong's Ambition and Heart of Si Mazhao are actually divided into going to bed and getting out of bed.
This poem is broad-minded and ambitious, but at the same time it has a strong sadness. What is the reason? It turned out that at that time, people generally felt that life was impermanent, shocking and decadent, which was quite common in Nineteen Poems, and Zuo Zongtang could not be unaffected. What is commendable is that he did not fall into deep lament, but finally got up after repeated times. Lin Geng repeatedly talked about this poem: on the one hand, it is the impermanence of life, on the other hand, it is the eternal desire; On the one hand, it is the trouble of life, on the other hand, it is the joy of life-this is the comprehensiveness of life and the two aspects of life attitude. It's rare that it behaves so naturally. There is no difference between ancient times and modern times, from "green peony" to "antique blowing sheng". You don't know why the sad ending will suddenly move towards a happy ending, with a seamless turn, as if it should have been like this. The same is true from "Clear as the Moon" to "The Mountain is Never Tired of Heights", which brings you from sadness and lingering to a suddenly enlightened situation. Readers only feel that they are caught in the whirlpool of sadness and joy. They don't know when sadness has gone and turned into happiness, and they don't know when happiness has gone and turned into sadness. The whole poem focuses on promoting society rather than preaching, which is the expression of Cao Gong's true nature as a poet.