"Moonlight Night on the Spring River", praised by Mr. Wen Yiduo as "the poem among poems, the peak on the peak" ("The Self-Redemption of Palace Poems"), has attracted countless readers for more than a thousand years. The fall. Zhang Ruoxu, who only left two poems in his life, also because of this poem, "the single poem is so unique that it is useful to everyone."
The title of the poem is fascinating. Spring, river, flowers, moon and night, these five things embody the most moving beauty of life, forming a wonderful artistic realm that is tempting to explore.
The poet started to ask the question, and the question came up at the beginning of the poem, outlining a magnificent picture of the moonlit night on the spring river: the tide of the river connects to the sea, and the tide of the moon rises. The "sea" here is a virtual reference. The Jiang Chao is vast, as if connected with the sea, and is magnificent. At this time, a bright moon rises with the tide, and the scene is spectacular. The word "生" gives lively life to the bright moon and the tide. The moonlight shines thousands of miles away, and there is no spring river that is not illuminated by the bright moon! The river winds around the spring wilderness full of flowers and plants, and the moonlight shines on the flower trees, as if sprinkled with a layer of white snow. The poet is really a master of painting. With a single stroke, he can paint the strange "flowers" in the moonlit night on the spring river. At the same time, the theme of "Spring River Flowers and Moonlight Night" was cleverly fulfilled. The poet's observation of the moonlight is extremely subtle: the moonlight has washed away the colorful colors of all things in the world, and dyed the world into a dreamy silver color. Therefore, "the flowing frost cannot be noticed" and "the white sand cannot be seen". Only the bright and bright moonlight exists. The delicate brushstrokes create a mythical and wonderful realm, making the moonlit night on the Spring River look particularly beautiful and tranquil. These eight sentences, from big to small, from far to near, the pen and ink gradually condense on a lonely moon.
The clear and clear heaven, earth and universe seem to make people enter a pure world, which naturally arouses the poet's reverie and meditation: "Who first sees the moon by the river? When did the moon on the river shine on people for the first time?" "The poet's thoughts leap forward, but they are closely connected to life, exploring the philosophy of life and the mysteries of the universe. This kind of exploration has also been explored by the ancients, such as Cao Zhi's "Song Yingshi": "There is no end in heaven and earth, human life is like morning frost", Ruan Ji's "Yong Huai": "Life is like dust and dew, the path of heaven is long and long", etc., but the poetry The theme is mostly about the eternity of the universe and the brevity of life. Zhang Ruoxu came up with something unique here. His thoughts did not fall into the stereotypes of his predecessors, but came up with new ideas: "Life is endless from generation to generation, and the river and the moon are only similar every year." Personal life is short and fleeting, and human life is fleeting. Existence is long-lasting, so the life of "infinite generations" and the bright moon "only similar every year" can survive. This is the relief that the poet feels from the beauty of nature. Although the poet is sentimental about the short life, it is not decadence and despair, but due to the pursuit and love of life. The tone of the whole poem is "sad but not sad", which allows us to hear the echo of the sound of the early Tang Dynasty.
"I don't know who the river moon is waiting for, but I see the Yangtze River sending flowing water." This is closely followed from the previous sentence "only similar". Life goes on from generation to generation, and the moon and the river are like this year after year. A lonely moon hovers in the sky, as if waiting for someone, but it can never do so. Under the moonlight, there is only the rapids of the river, rushing away. As the river flows, the poem creates waves, pushing the poetry to a deeper realm. There is hatred in the river and the moon, while the flowing water is ruthless. The poet naturally changes his writing style from the natural scenery in the first half to the images of life, which leads to the separation and sorrow of the lovesickness of men and women in the second half.
The four lines of "Baiyun" are always written in the spring river in the moonlight night, the longing for the wife and the wanderer in two places. "Baiyun" and "Qingfengpu" express feelings through objects. The white clouds are floating, symbolizing the uncertainty of "Bian Zhouzi". "Qingfengpu" is a place name, but "Maple" and "Pu" are often used in poems to express farewell to scenery and places. The two sentences "whose home" and "where" are intertwined. It is precisely because more than one family and one place has the sorrow of separation, that the poet raised such a question. A kind of lovesickness brings out the sorrow of separation in two places, back and forth. The poetry is full of twists and turns.
"Spring River Flowers and Moonlight Night" is an old title of Yuefu's "Qing Shang Ciqu·Wu Sheng Songs". Zhang Ruoxu's proposed work "Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night" surpasses all others in skill and has been passed down through the ages with its extraordinary artistic charm. It can be said that Zhang Ruoxu gave "Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night" fresh artistic vitality. Wang Kaiyun's "On the Origin of Various Schools of Tang Poetry - Answers to Chen Wanfu's Questions" says: "Zhang Ruoxu's "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night" uses the style of "Xizhou", which is unique and unique. Li He and Shang Yin took advantage of its freshness; Song Ci , Yuan poetry, as its tributaries." It made an accurate evaluation of the origin, influence and status of the "Spring" poem, and highly praised it. Modern poet and scholar Wen Yiduo also spoke highly of "Spring River with Flowers on the Moonlit Night", "This is a poem within a poem, the pinnacle of peaks."
While repeatedly pondering "Spring River with Flowers on the Moonlit Night" During the analysis, I deeply felt its charm. I believe that a poem, especially a good poem that can be encountered but not sought, is itself a form of life expression, and this form of life expression is reflected in "Spring River Flowers on a Moonlit Night". 》 has been fully demonstrated.
Zhu Guangqian said in "On Poetry", "Poetry is a reflection of life, and the realm of every poem must have two elements: interest and imagery." Zong Baihua also said: "The artistic conception is The crystallization of emotion and scenery (imagery).
"So what is the sentiment expressed in "Moonlight Night on the Spring River"? How does it integrate with the imagery of the poem to form the artistic conception of the poem and create the reader's aesthetic feeling? I use the following structural formula to express " The structure of the poetic artistic conception of "Spring":
Natural beauty, philosophy, beauty, human emotion and beauty
The color of the moon, the question of the moon, the feelings of the moon} The soul of the moon (meaning)
( (Image) (reason) (emotion)
"Moonlight Night on the Spring River" includes the most beautiful scenery in life. Spring, night, rivers, flowers, trees, and the bright moon form a beautiful and beautiful picture. , among which spring, rivers, flowers, and night are just the background, and the bright moon is the image that the poet strives to exaggerate. In the poem "Spring", the image of the moon is beautiful and pure. Wherever the moonlight shines, everything is tainted with that purity and tranquility. , reflecting the beauty of the artistic conception of the moonlit night on the spring river.
The moonlight in the poem "Spring" is very broad and beautiful, "The tide of the spring river reaches the level of the sea, and the bright moon rises on the sea, shining with the waves." "Thousands of miles away, there is no moon on the spring river." A bright moon rises slowly from the spring river. This image is so broad and beautiful that it makes people hold their breath in the face of magical creation. Under the bright moonlight, The rippling water, the lush fields covered with flowers and grass, the flowers and trees covered with frost and snow, the silvery beach, everything is so beautiful, mysterious and hazy.
The poet is in the moonlight of the river and the sky. Next, the heart becomes clear and pure, and there is a spiritual communication between the heart and nature. The great poet Qu Yuan once wrote "Heavenly Questions", which expressed mankind's endless exploration of the natural universe. More than a thousand years later, Zhang Ruoxu also wrote. It raises questions about the universe, which fully reflects the unique "cosmic consciousness" of Chinese poets. Mr. Wen Yiduo once emphasized the cosmic consciousness reflected in the poem, believing that "in the face of the magical eternity, the author can only be stunned and have no vision." , no sadness" (Wen Yiduo's "Miscellaneous Comments on Tang Poems·The Self-Redemption of Palace Poems").
I think this is inaccurate. The eight sentences in the poem "Spring" that sigh and ask about the moon, on the one hand It reflects the natural tranquility, profundity, vastness and vastness of the universe. However, in the poet's mind, although the river and moon exist forever, they are always the same, monotonous, without change, without life, just a monotonous repetition; although life is short, as a Human beings as a group continue to multiply from generation to generation; as an individual, the joys and sorrows of life are rich and vivid, as Shen Congwen said, “For all natural scenery, I can silently comprehend their own existence and the subtlety of the universe. When we are in a relationship, everyone feels the solemnity of life" ("Water Cloud"). After feeling the conflict and contradiction between eternity and ephemerality, infinite and finite, the poet cast his affectionate eyes on the enviable life, and this life The essence of the poem is "love".
The poet closely adheres to "Spring River Bright Moon", and various poetic meanings are generated by the river moon. You can feel it from the sentence "The poor moon wanders upstairs, it should shine on the dressing table." The wanderer's love for the missing woman and his guilt for not being able to accompany him, and "can't roll it away", "whistle back", and "may the moonlight shine on you" delicately depict the missing woman's obsession and resentment. Annoyed, but dreaming of being with the wanderer across time and space like moonlight, how touching, how devoted, and how persistent this deep feeling is! In contrast, the natural eternity and infinity of the universe are empty and indifferent, while life full of joy and trouble is rich and beautiful. Love and worries are woven into a colorful life. Although it is small, it is real and tangible. This is people's affirmation of the value of survival and the embodiment of optimistic and upward will to life.
The last eight sentences are disappointing. Time is passing, years are getting older, and the day to go home is far away. The waning moon is setting in the west, and the waning moon will disappear into the sea. Under the bright moon, how many people can return to a warm home? Home is also the power that poets use to compete with nature. "I don't know how many people will return by the moon, but the falling moon shakes the trees all over the river with love." What the author affirms is a short, small but beautiful and rich life, which made me deeply moved in my aftertaste. When writing about landscapes, many poets often lament the eternal existence of nature and the short-lived prosperity. They often choose to follow the latter in the sharp contrast between life and nature, finiteness and eternity. The eternal natural landscape is higher than the fleeting prosperity of the human world, emphasizing the importance of life. However, in "Spring River Flowers on a Moonlit Night", the poet envies the wanderers returning home on a moonlit night, but what appears in his imagination is a warm and real home. Wanderers in the great era are not rootless duckweeds. Faced with the helplessness of not being able to stay together in life, and the confusion of eternity and transience, finite and infinite, a sense of belonging is needed to contend with it. This is "home". "The meaning of the image.
From the poet's description of the moonscape on the Spring River to his rational exploration of the universe, and then to his admiration for life, the moon is always used as an object of observation. As the moon rises and sets, nature is flowing, time and space are changing, poetry moves from the universe to the heart, from rational inquiry to emotional expression, creating the psychological feelings of God and Yueyou, achieving a perfect fit of taste and imagery. As Goethe heard: "Once the artist grasps a natural object, that object no longer belongs to nature, and it can also be said that the artist is creating that object at the moment he grasps the object, because he takes it from the object. "To create something with meaning, distinctive features, and attractions, the object has a higher value." (Zhu Guangqian's "History of Western Aesthetics") The successful grasp of the image of the bright moon comes from the poet Zhang Ruoxu's love for life, and from the poet Zhang Ruoxu's love for life. The conflicted and confused heart, self-reflection and the profound pursuit of the human spirit.
In our country’s traditional aesthetics, the emphasis on emotion is consistent. "Preface to Mao's Poems" says, "Emotions are moved in the heart and shaped in words." Lu Ji believes that "poems are inspired by emotion and are exquisite." For poetry, emotion is the essence of poetry. Zhang Ruoxu's "Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night" is infinitely affectionate and can be said to have retained its innocence. This is also the charm of the poem "Spring".
The author of the poem "Moonlight Night on the Spring River" was Zhang Ruoxu in the early Tang Dynasty. In the early Kaiyuan Dynasty, he, He Zhizhang, Zhang Xu, and Bao Rong were known as the "Four Scholars in Wuzhong". He left few works to posterity, only two of them remain in the "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty", and this one, "Spring River Flowers and Moonlight Night", is the most famous one. It is said to be "a single poem that dominates the entire Tang Dynasty" and laid the foundation for It established Zhang Ruoxu’s immortal status in the literary history of the Tang Dynasty.
This poem also writes about spring, river, flowers, moon, night and various related scenery. The moonlight is used to unify all the scenery, and the various scenery contains philosophy and deep feelings, forming a hazy, deep and wonderful composition. The artistic realm is endlessly exploring and entertaining.
The whole poem can be divided into two major paragraphs, the front and back. "The Yangtze River sends flowing water" used to be the previous paragraph. The beautiful depiction of spring, river, moon and night triggered philosophical thinking about the universe and life. The first two sentences show the broad vision of "the tide of the spring river reaches the sea level, and the bright moon on the sea rises with the tide". The word "生" personifies the bright moon; the word "***" emphasizes the natural connection between the spring river and the bright moon. The river flows for thousands of miles, and the moonlight follows the waves for thousands of miles; the river flows around Fangdian, and the moonlight shines on the flowers and forests like sleet. All in all, the moonlight and the river waves reflect each other. Wherever there is a spring river, there is a bright moon. How sentimental! The poet stood on the bank of the river, looking up at the bright moon, and couldn't help but wonder, "Who on the bank of the river saw the moon for the first time? When did the moon on the river shine on people for the first time?" Naturally, the poet could not answer this question involving the creation of the universe and the origin of human beings. Then I turned to the meditation of "Life is endless from generation to generation, but the river and moon are only similar every year. I don't know who the river and moon are waiting for, but I see the Yangtze River sending flowing water." The universe is eternal and the bright moon is always there; but life, as far as individuals are concerned, is so short! However, as for human beings as a whole, they are passed down from generation to generation and are endless, so they can coexist with the bright moon. Therefore, although we don’t know when the river moon first shines on people, it has illuminated one generation after another. The poet compares the eternity of the bright moon with emotion at the rapid changes in life. However, thinking about the endless life of human beings and being illuminated by the bright moon, he feels relieved. From this, she further explored: Could it be that the "lone moon" shining forever on the Yangtze River was the one who was waiting for her but has not yet arrived? So Jiang Yue's "treating people" made an association and moved to the next paragraph. "Lone Moon" is still "treating others", let alone traveling and missing his wife? The poet then used his imagination to express the feelings of a wanderer and a missing wife who missed each other.
The poet imagines that "whose boat is sailing tonight", passing by the "Qingfengpu" on the riverside, witnessing "the white clouds go leisurely" and the "sorrow" of wandering and wandering, so he misses "Why?" "In Mingyue Tower". Judging from the word "ying" in "Shing Li Ren's dressing table", the following lines of "Poor moon upstairs" are all words imagining how his wife misses him: The wife looks at the moon and cherishes her. But the person is not here, so she is afraid of seeing the moonlight. But she can roll up the "jade curtain", but it cannot remove the moonlight; she can brush the "clothing anvil", but she cannot remove the moonlight. "I heard about you", and the moonlight that shines all over the world can illuminate your husband, so I came up with the fantasy of "May the moonlight shine on you". Of course, it is impossible to follow the moonlight to see your husband, so I wanted to follow the ancient legend. The wild geese and the carps carried the letter, but the wild geese flew hard and could not fly out of the light of the bright moon; the leaping carp could only stir up ripples on the water. Next, the poet's imagination of "Bian Zhouzi" was homesick for his wife. He saw falling flowers in his dream, and realized that most of the spring had passed, but he had not yet returned home. He watched helplessly as "the water in the river was gone, and the moon was melting in the river and setting in the west." Time continued to pass. My youth and longing have also disappeared, but Jieshi, Xiaoxiang, water and mountains are far away, how can I return home by the moon? "Up to this point, I have written about the lovesickness of a wanderer and a missing woman, dyed and highlighted by spring, rivers, flowers, moon and night. Imaginations are imagined, reality is dreamed, minds and objects are intertwined, scenes are intertwined, time and space are superimposed, and virtual and real are complementary. As a result, the artistic effect of lingering, lingering, full of words and infinite meaning is achieved. The whole poem has thirty-six lines. Every four lines change the rhyme, alternating between flat, up and down, and the rhythm is consistent with the changes in content. The poem is full of charm and melodious.
This poem has been highly praised by poetry commentators since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The third volume of Hu Yinglin's "Shisou·Internal Edition" says: Zhang Ruoxu's "Moonlight Night on the Spring River" is smooth and graceful. Liu Xiyi's "Pulpit". "Zhong Xing's "Return of Tang Poems": "Refining the five characters of spring, river, flower, moon and night into a strange light is a true craftsmanship!" Lu Shiyong's "Mirror of Tang Poems": "Weak feelings and thoughts "Wang Yaoqu's "Combined Interpretation of Ancient Tang Poetry" says: "Emotions and prose are intertwined, each is colorful, bizarre, and unpredictable. It is really strange!" Wen Yiduo's "The Self-Redemption of Palace Style Poetry" "It is also known as the poem among poems, the peak on the peak."
The title "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night" is an old title of Yuefu's "Qing Shang Qu Ci. Wu Sheng Songs". This tune was created by Chen Houzhu , its main feature is its beauty and softness. This long song is based on the moonlit night on the spring river, integrating painting and poetry with the understanding of the mysteries of the universe and the philosophy of life, creating an exquisite and thorough poetic realm where the scenes are blended.
"The tide of the Spring River reaches the sea level, and the bright moon on the sea is full of tides." The poet first writes from the beautiful scenery of the Spring River on a moonlit night. In the moonlight, the vast and transparent and pure Spring River scenery shows the wonderful magic of nature. . While feeling the infinite beauty, the poet can't help but think about the universe and life. "Who by the river sees the moon for the first time? When does the moon on the river shine on people first? Life has been endless from generation to generation, and the moon on the river is just the same every year. I don't know who the moon on the river is waiting for, but I can see the Yangtze River sending water." Infinite time and space, infinite life, show a A vast and deep consciousness of the universe, but time flies by like water and never comes back. At this time, the poet fell into infinite sadness and confusion. So next, starting from "The white clouds are gone leisurely, and there is no sorrow on the green maple pond", it begins to describe the parting and farewell emotions of a wanderer in the world who misses his wife. The poet's faint sadness is integrated into the bright and quiet poetic environment. This sadness gradually changes with the moonlight and the flow of water. Finally, the whole poem ends with "I wonder how many people will return home by the moon? The falling moon shakes the trees all over the river with love." The poem is full of affection and nostalgia, making readers fall into deep thought about the universe and life. The poem "Moonlight Night on the Spring River" has beautiful, vivid, vivid and philosophical language. It integrates real life experience into beautiful images, creating a clear and pure poetic artistic conception. Especially "Who first saw the moon by the river? When did the moon on the river first shine on people? Life has been endless from generation to generation, and the moon on the river is only the same every year. I don't know who the moon on the river is waiting for. But I see the moon on the Yangtze River sending flowing water.
"A few sentences have become a masterpiece through the ages and have been passed down by future generations!