The Tian family has less leisure in the month, and people are twice as busy in May.
In the evening, the south wind rises and the wheat turns yellow.
Mother-in-law is loaded with vegetables, and the child is loaded with pot pulp.
Go with Tian Xiang. Ding Zhuang is in Nangang.
Filled with the heat of the country, the back was scorched by the sun.
I don't know about the heat, but I regret the long summer.
There is another poor woman with a child in her arms.
Grab the ear with your right hand and hang the basket with your left arm.
Listening to his words of concern is very sad.
My family's taxes are gone, so I can take this to satisfy my hunger.
Today, I have no merit, and I have never worked in farming and mulberry.
Lu Li has 300 stone, and he had leftover food when he was eight years old.
I am ashamed to read this in private, and I can't forget it every day.
order
Looking at Wheat Cutting is an early work of Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. This poem describes the busy farming scene in the wheat harvest season, criticizes the exorbitant taxes and levies that caused people's poverty, and feels deeply guilty that the poet himself can have plenty of food and clothing without virtue labor, showing the humanitarian spirit of a feudal official with conscience. In writing techniques, the poet combines panoramic description with the description of specific characters, making the whole poem an organic whole.
To annotate ...
1, mow (y): cut. The title bet is "At that time, I was the county magistrate".
2. cover (ù) long (lǒng) yellow: cover the ridge when the wheat is yellow. Cover: cover. Dragon: the same as "ridge", here refers to the ridge where crops are planted in farmland, and here refers to wheat fields in general.
3. Mother-in-law: daughter-in-law and mother-in-law, generally referring to women here. Lotus: Rice in a bamboo basket. H: shoulders, shoulders. Eat: bamboo basket rice.
4. Naive (zhiì) to carry the pot pulp (jiāng): children carry the soup and water in the pot. Slurry: a slightly sour drink in ancient times, sometimes referring to rice wine or soup.
5.(xi) Tian: Send meals to people who work in the fields.
6. Ding Zhuang: Young and middle-aged man. Nangang (gāng): Place name.
7, covered in hot air rust, burning back and burning the sky: feet are smoked by the ground heat, and the back is baked by the scorching sun.
8. but: only. Cherish: hope.
9. It refers to farmers who are working. Side: Same as "side".
10, soldier (bǐng) ear: holding the ear of wheat picked from the ground. Bing, take it. Get lost, get lost
1 1, hanging: carrying. Our (b √) basket: broken basket.
12, caring for each other: look at each other and say. C: Look, look.
13, audience: Bai Juyi refers to himself. Wèi: Sadness (omitting "ambition").
14. tax payment (shuì): pay rent tax. Lose, pass, extend to give, give.
15, I mean the author himself.
16, never worked in agriculture and mulberry: never worked in agricultural production. Zeng: Actually. Things: engage in. Agriculture and mulberry industry: agriculture and sericulture.
17, Li (Li) Lu (Li) 300 stone (Dan): At that time, Bai Juyi was appointed as a county magistrate in Zhouzhi, and his salary was about 300 stone meters a year. Stone: an ancient unit of capacity, with ten barrels as one stone. (Ancient thoughts, Dan)
18, Yan (Yan): end of the year. Yan, it's late
19, look at this: think of these.
20, all day: all day, all day.
translate
Farmers rarely have free months, and when May comes, people are busier. At night, the south wind blew, and the wheat covered on the ridge was ripe and yellow. Women carry vegetables in bamboo baskets, children carry water slurry in pots, and follow each other to deliver meals in the fields. The men who collect wheat are all in Nangang. Their feet were smoked by the heat of the ground and their backs were basking in the hot sun. Tired as if I didn't know it was hot, I just cherished the long summer. I saw a poor woman standing beside the wheat harvester with her child in her arms, picking up the left ear of wheat in her right hand and hanging a broken basket on her left arm. Listening to her look at others, everyone who hears her feels sorry for her. Because of paying rent and taxes, all the fields at home have been sold out, so we have to pick up some ears of wheat to satisfy our hunger. I have no merit, but I don't have to farm and raise silkworms. Get a salary of 300 stone meters a year, and there will be surplus food at the end of the year. I feel ashamed to think of these things, and I can't forget them all day.
Distinguish and appreciate
This poem is clear in narration, natural in structure, clear in hierarchy and strong in logic. At the beginning of the poem, the background is explained first, indicating that May is the busy farming season for wheat harvest. Then write down that women lead their children to the fields to give food and water to young people who are cutting wheat. Later, it described young farmers cutting wheat with their heads down in Nangang wheat field, fumigating their feet with the heat, and baking their backs in the hot sun. They are tired and don't feel hot, but they just cherish the long days in summer and can do more work. At this point, the farmer's hard work has been strongly demonstrated. Then I described another sad scene: a poor woman, with a child in her arms and a broken basket in her hand, was picking wheat by the wheat harvester. The reason why she wants to pick up wheat is because her family's fields have been sold out and she has to pay official tax. Now there is no land to plant and no wheat to harvest, so she has to pick up wheat to satisfy her hunger.
These two scenes are intertwined, with both differences and connections: the former reveals the hardships of farmers, while the latter reveals heavy taxes. Since heavy taxes have made poor women lose their fields, they will also make this peasant family who is cutting wheat lose their fields. Today's wheat pickers are yesterday's wheat pickers; Today's wheat harvesters may become tomorrow's wheat harvesters. Strong irony is self-evident. The poet linked the pain of farmers' life with the ease of his own life, feeling ashamed and unable to calm down for a long time. This lyric text is the essence of the whole poem. It is the product of the author's touching feelings and shows the poet's deep sympathy for the working people. Bai Juyi wrote satirical poems with the aim of "only making people sick, and I hope the emperor knows." In this poem, he made a sharp contrast between the peasants and himself as a court official with his own personal feelings, that is, he hoped that the "son of heaven" was affectionate and tactful, which could be described as well-intentioned.
Bai Juyi is the master of art who is best at writing narrative poems. His narrative poems can fully express people's feelings and things, and write the events described in them in twists and turns. Moreover, his narrative poems always contain the revelation of the soul, so they always contain feelings. Although he didn't write much in Watching the Wheat Harvest, he vividly described the hard and painful life scenes of the wheat harvesters and gleaner during the summer harvest. Not only wrote things, but also wrote hearts, including the author's own heart and the hearts of working people. The poet's heartstrings were obviously shaken and trembled by the tragic scene he heard and witnessed, so he raised his pen to express his feelings directly, and his lines were full of sympathy and pity for the workers. Poems such as "steaming in summer, rustic, burning in the back, burning in the sky" and "losing the tax on my land, picking up this to satisfy my hunger" contain the author's infinite sympathy and compassion. Therefore, in the narrative of this poem "Looking at Wheat", there is the infiltration of the author's feelings and the beating of his heart, and the author's heart is integrated with what he tells.
What is commendable is that while describing the working people, the author can also truly write the voices of the working people, especially depicting the abnormal psychology of the working people in a certain situation and profoundly revealing the theme of the poem. In The Charcoal Man, "Poor man's clothes are simple, but he is worried about charcoal, wishing it would be cold", describing the abnormal psychology of the old man who sells charcoal because of food and clothing. "I don't know the heat when I'm exhausted, but I regret the long summer" in "Watching Wheat Cutting" is also a kind of abnormal psychology. This description depicts the working people's hearts in detail and goes deep into the details. The perfect unity of writing and writing in poetry is more shocking than the general unity of narrative and lyric. Bai Juyi is also an expert in using contrast techniques. In his poetry creation, he not only compared the poverty and kindness of the working people with the luxury tyranny of the landlord class, but also compared his own comfort with the poverty of the working people. After writing about the hardships and pains of farmers in the hot summer, the poet also thought of himself, feeling that he had no "merit" and "didn't work for farmers and mulberry", but he was paid "three hundred stones" and still had "surplus grain" by the end of the year, so he was "ashamed of it and couldn't forget it every day". It was very rare for poets to take the initiative to compare with farmers at that time. This contrast is really novel, accurate, commendable and thought-provoking, which shows the ideological height of this poem.