Poetry in the Tang and Song Dynasties was so prosperous, why did Yuanqu rise in the Yuan Dynasty?

As a popular literary form in the Yuan Dynasty, Yuanqu has its own unique characteristics in ideological content and artistic achievements, which can be said to keep pace with Tang poetry, Song ci and novels in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The reason for this is the following：

First, the cultural policy of the Yuan government. The imperial examination system was abolished for a long time in the early Yuan Dynasty, when intellectuals of the Han nationality were discriminated against. ? A humble family? Dull position? Some people are encouraged to engage in traditional opera activities in China. In addition, the Yuan Zaju was very prosperous at that time, and the Yuan Dynasty chose scholars with words and songs, which promoted the prosperity and development of the Yuan Zaju.

Second, it is related to the humanistic factors at that time. Yuanqu was originally the so-called Fanbang Fanqu and Hulu music, which was first circulated among the people. After Kublai Khan built Dayuan, the north was in a mixed state. After most of the Han people moved south, the Han people who stayed in the north of Huaihe River ceased to be in the Northern Song Dynasty in terms of quantity, economy and political status. Yuanqu in minor has been spread in the north-south blending area centered on Dadu and Lin 'an, providing conditions for the rise of Yuanqu. Yuanqu has distinctive characteristics of popularization and colloquialism, and it is bold, straightforward and simple. Composers are all northerners, among whom Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Wang Shifu, Wang Xiaojun, Bai Pu and others have the highest achievements. Rugan's zaju is famous for its vivid description, wonderful lyrics, changeable style, lively and profound poems, crystal clear and graceful, and its collection is hot and rotten, which makes people feel sad.

The art form loved by nomadic people is folk songs and ballads circulating in Goulanwa Temple. Since the Song Dynasty, the prosperity of urban economy has also promoted the development of this popular culture, and at the same time, these popular singing arts have also spread with the new language system that has become popular in the north.

Thirdly, Yuanqu is the product of cultural blending. The vast territory and prosperous urban economy of the Yuan Dynasty laid the foundation for the rise of Yuanqu, and the mutual exchange and integration of various national cultures promoted the formation of Yuanqu. Yuanqu is the inherent law of poetry itself and the inevitable result of inheriting traditional literature and blending with each other.