Jianjia is pale and pale, and the dew turns into frost. It means: the reeds by the river are green, and the deep dew in autumn turns into frost. This sentence comes from "Qin Feng·Jianjia", which is a poem in the "Book of Songs", the first collection of poetry in ancient China. This poem was once thought to be a way to ridicule Qin Xianggong for not being able to use Zhou rites to consolidate his country, or to regret that he could not attract wise men who lived in seclusion. Modern scholars generally believe that this is a love song, describing the melancholy and depression of pursuing the one you love but not being able to achieve it, creating a wonderful state of beauty in autumn water.
The original text of "Jianjia"
Jianjia is green, and the white dew is like frost. The so-called beauty is on the water side. If you follow it back, the road will be long and blocked. Traveling back from it, Wan is in the middle of the water.
The leaves are luxuriant, and the white dew is still fresh. The so-called beauty is on the water. If you follow it back, the road will be blocked and you will be able to advance. If you go back and swim from it, you will feel like you are swimming in the water.
The jianjia is picked, and the white dew is not over. The so-called beauty is in the river of water. Follow it back, but the road is blocked and to the right. If you go back and swim from it, you will be swimming in the water. Translation of "Jianjia"
The reeds by the river are green, and the deep autumn dew turns to frost. Where is the one you love? On the other side of the river. I went up the current to find her, but the road was difficult and long. Follow the water to find her, as if in the middle of the water.
The reeds along the river are dense and numerous, and the dew has not dried in the early morning. Where is the one you love? On the other side of the river. I went up the current to find her, but the road was difficult and difficult to climb. Follow the water to find her, and she seems to be on the beach in the water.
The reeds along the river are dense, and the dew in the morning has not been fully collected. Where is the one you love? Just over there by the water. I went upstream to find her, but the road was difficult and difficult. Follow the water to find her, and you will seem to be on the islet in the water. Notes on "Jianjia"
1. Selected from "Jing Qin Feng". 蒹葭(jiānjiā): reed, reed. Jian, a reed without long ears. Jia, the newly born reed.
2. Cang Cang: lush appearance. Hereinafter, "Qiqi" and "Caicai" have the same meaning.
3. For: condensed into
4. So-called: said, here refers to what is missed.
5. Yiren: That person.
6. On the other side of the water: on the other side of the river.
7. Suihuí (sùhuí) means to follow the river upstream to find her. To return: to go upstream. Follow, follow, here it means "to pursue".
8. Obstacle: Dangerous and difficult to walk.
9. Traveling back: wading along the current. You, Tong "flow", refers to direct current.
10. Wan: As if.
11. Qiqi: The lush appearance, the text refers to the lush growth of reeds. The People's Education version is "Qiqi", and the Jiangsu Education version is "Qiqi".
12. 晞(xī): sun-dried.
13. Mei (méi): The place where water and grass meet, referring to the shore.
14. Ji (jī): to rise, here it describes the road as steep and high.
15. Di (chí): a small island or highland in the water.
16. Caicai: lush appearance.
17. Jie: stop, here it means "dry", to become dry.
18.涘(sì): waterside.
19. Right: Bend.
20. 沚(zhǐ): a small piece of land in the water.
Appreciation of "Jian Jia"
In the poem "Qin Feng·Jian Jia", "white dew turns to frost" conveys to readers that it is late autumn, and the day has dawned, because on the reed leaves There are still frost flowers formed by night dew. On such a late autumn morning, the poet came to the river in order to pursue the longing person, and what appeared in front of him was the vast field of reeds, showing loneliness and loneliness. The poet only knew the painful period The person you are looking forward to is on the other side of the river.
The poetic emptiness of this poem brings trouble to interpretation, but it also expands the inclusive space of its connotation. When readers touch the things hidden behind the described objects, they will feel that the objects in this poem are not just used by the poet to simply sing, but also contain certain symbolic meanings. "On one side of the water" is a symbol of admiration, which has been explained in detail in Qian Zhongshu's "Guan Zhui Bian". "Traveling back", "traveling back", "the road is long and blocked" and "wandering in the middle of the water" are just symbols of the difficulty and uncertainty of repeated pursuits and pursuits. The poet searched high and low, but although the beautiful woman was vaguely visible, she was still out of reach.
The poet's pursuit seems to be successful, but in the end it is still a mirror. There is a story in ancient Greek mythology that King Tantalus was punished for his sins of boasting - enduring the pain of eternal thirst and hunger. He stood in the middle of a large lake. The water was as deep as his chin. There were fruit trees growing on the shores of the lake, and loads of fruit hung above his head. However, when he was thirsty and lowered his head to drink water, the lake water receded; when he was hungry and reached out to pick fruits, the branches swayed, and the clear spring and good fruits were always within his reach. The proximity of the goal makes failure more painful and regrettable. The most unacceptable failure is the failure that is only one step away from success.
The background of the creation of "Jianjia"
This poem was once considered to be used to ridicule Qin Xianggong for not being able to use Zhou rites to consolidate his country ("Preface to Mao's Poems" and "Zheng Jian"), or to regret that he could not attract secluded wise men. Obtained (Yao Jiheng's "General Theory of the Book of Songs" and Fang Yurun's "The Original Book of Songs"). However, unlike most poems in the Book of Songs, which tend to be more concrete in content, this poem does not have specific events or scenes, and even the gender of the "girl" is difficult to pinpoint.
The above two understandings may have been well-founded at the beginning, but these bases either did not survive or were not convincing enough, so their conclusions are also doubtful. Most modern scholars regard it as a love poem, written in pursuit of the person you long for but cannot get. Introduction to the author of "Jianjia"
The author of "The Book of Songs" is unknown, and most of it cannot be verified. It is said that it was collected by Yin Jifu and compiled by Confucius.
Yin Jifu, a native of Fangling (now Fangxian County, Hubei Province) during the Western Zhou Dynasty, a descendant of the Yellow Emperor's Boju ethnic group, the king of Yin State, named Jifu, first name Jifu, Xi family name, name Jia, inscriptions on bronze Xi Jia, Xi Bo Jifu. Yin Jifu's original surname was Ji. Because he was granted the title of Yin (now Xi County, Shanxi), he was also called Yin Jifu. Yin Jifu served as an official in the Western Zhou Dynasty and fought in Pingyao, Shanxi, Nanpi, Cangzhou, Hebei and other places.
Confucius, surnamed Kong, given name Qiu, styled Zhongni, was a native of Zouyi (now Qufu City, Shandong Province) in the state of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period, and his ancestral home was Liyi (now Xiayi County, Henan Province) in the state of Song. , a great thinker, politician, and educator in ancient China, the founder of Confucianism, and the "Sage of Dacheng".
References: 1. Zhu Xi. The Book of Songs [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House
2. Li Shan’s interpretation. The Book of Songs (excerpt) [M]. Beijing: National Library Press
3. Jiang Liangfu et al. Pre-Qin Poetry Appreciation Dictionary[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House