The ancients relied on superb artistic creativity to express their feelings in a single image extracted from objective chaos. Image is a creative artistic beauty, which combines the author's emotions and scenery, and the combination of subject and object. Therefore, the reason why Autumn is "sad" is actually the author's sorrow and the reader's sorrow.
Song Yu said in "Nine Arguments": "Sorrow is the spirit of autumn! The bleak vegetation shakes down and becomes weak. " The author's sad feelings melt into the desolate natural autumn scenery of Sesso, which opens the precedent of the image of "Sad Autumn". Scholars in past dynasties inherited and developed the image of "Sad Autumn", which greatly enriched the aesthetic connotation of China literature. Generally speaking, the images in Sad Autumn can be divided into the following types:
(Mi Fei's book "Nine Debates")
Travelers are homesick.
Autumn is between the summer when everything is prosperous and the cold and barren winter, and it is a transitional stage of life trajectory from prosperity to decline. At this time, the scenery between heaven and earth is bleak and desolate, and the passage of time is the most obvious, which often makes people feel that the deceased is like a husband, and the wanderers who are wandering around the world are particularly sensitive to this. The wanderer's mentality and homesickness for his hometown are poured out in the images of Chinese parasol leaves and lonely sails. When Meng Haoran roamed the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, it was cold and autumn, and Hongyan flew south. Sad because of his physical injury, he wrote a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation:
Early colds and pregnancy
Leaves fall to the south and the north wind is bleak.
My home is wandering by the river, and the sea of clouds is far away.
Tears of homesickness in the journey, see the back of the sail on the horizon.
The smoke in the wind blurs where the ferry can be, and the vast river ripples in the sunset.
Looking at the autumn rain, Li Shangyin evokes the bitterness of homesickness: "Jun asks that the return date is undecided, and the rain rises in the autumn pool in the evening"; Lu Lun's "I am thin and cold, like a triple Xiangxi, my heart goes home in three thousand miles, and my homesickness follows the bright moon", which connects sadness with autumn with a word "every", so I can't go home, so I can only pin my homesickness on the bright moon on a cold night; Ma Zhiyuan's Tianjingsha Qiu Si is a masterpiece of autumn homesickness.
Tianjin Sha Qiu Si
Dead vines, old trees, faint crows,
Small bridges and flowing water,
The ancient road and the west wind are thin.
The sun went down,
Heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
This Sanqu arranges many images, both subject and object, and there is no subject and object. A strong sense of sadness brings great artistic infection to readers. The straightforward description of homesickness in autumn should be Wu Wenying's sentence: "Where is the synthesis of sorrow? Autumn keeps people's hearts. " (Tang Duoling)
Sometimes I feel sad.
As mentioned above, autumn gives people the strongest sense of time passing, and it can also arouse the poet's sentimental nature. The alternation of time series causes the poet's sadness. For example, in the long song of Han Yuefu, "I always fear that the autumn festival will come and the leaves of flowers will decline."
So we have a large number of touching works, which can pin our feelings: The Jade Butterfly by Shi Dazu: "The palace tree is not destroyed by the rain at night, and the leaves are pitiful, and the cicada is still cold." The short scenery returns to autumn, and the thoughts are connected with sorrow. "Li Qingzhao's" Drunken Flowers ":"The fog is thick and the clouds are sad forever, and the brain sells golden beasts. The festival is also Chongyang, and the jade pillow gauze kitchen is half cold at night. " Wang Ji's Wild Hope: "The trees are all in autumn, and the mountains only shine. The shepherd brought the calf back, hunted horses and brought birds back. Not knowing each other, Long song was pregnant with Wei. "Sometimes feel sad, the poet's nature is not conducive to his health, but it is lucky for literature and art, and it is an emotional welfare for later readers.
Stay sad and not hate.
Parting is a sad moment, and the bleak autumn colors add more harm. As the saying goes, "Autumn parting is sad" (Huang Furan's "Zhao Yin Temple sends strict judges back to Jiangzhou"). And Liu Yong's Yulin Order has brought this feeling of parting and sadness about autumn to the extreme: "Affectionate parting is more pitiful since ancient times, and it is better to stay in the cold in the clear autumn festival!" Who knows where I am when I am awake tonight? Yang Liuan and Xiaofeng are dying. "
It's autumn, the scenery is bleak, it's getting late, the twilight is boundless, so the old friend leaves, and the poet's eyes are full of sadness and there is nowhere to mourn; When I woke up, I only saw the morning breeze and the waning moon. The cold wind attacks people, just like the chilling after parting; The waning moon is broken and difficult to round, just as it is difficult for no one to meet again. The feeling of sadness, loneliness and sadness is very real in this artistic conception.
(The sight of cranes flying into the sky)
Of course, not all images of sad autumn are sad and gloomy. Liu Yuxi's autumn poems completely rebelled against the image of sad autumn: "Autumn has been sad and lonely since ancient times, and I say autumn wins spring." When a crane flies among clouds in a clear sky, it brings poetry to Bixiao. "Liu Yuxi changed the sad meaning of his predecessors in autumn, and instead used Qiu Lai to express his heroic feelings of advancing despite difficulties and going straight to the sky. People's feelings are diverse and their images are rich.